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BackgroundIn November 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provided Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA) for 2 novel virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapies, bamlanivimab and REGN-COV2 (casirivimab plus imdevimab), for the treatment of mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adolescents and adults in specified high-risk groups. This has challenged clinicians to determine the best approach to use of these products.MethodsA panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacy, pediatric intensive care medicine, and pediatric hematology from 29 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a guidance statement was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsThe course of COVID-19 in children and adolescents is typically mild and there is no high-quality evidence supporting any high-risk groups. There is no evidence for safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy for treatment of COVID-19 in children or adolescents, limited evidence of modest benefit in adults, and evidence for potential harm associated with infusion reactions or anaphylaxis.ConclusionsBased on evidence available as of December 20, 2020, the panel suggests against routine administration of monoclonal antibody therapy (bamlanivimab, or casirivimab and imdevimab), for treatment of COVID-19 in children or adolescents, including those designated by the FDA as at high risk of progression to hospitalization or severe disease. Clinicians and health systems choosing to use these agents on an individualized basis should consider risk factors supported by pediatric-specific evidence and ensure the implementation of a system for safe and timely administration that does not exacerbate existing healthcare disparities.

BackgroundAlthough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild infection in most children, a small proportion develop severe or critical illness. Data describing agents with potential antiviral activity continue to expand such that updated guidance is needed regarding use of these agents in children.MethodsA panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of the best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsGiven the typically mild course of COVID-19 in children, supportive care alone is suggested for most cases. For children with severe illness, defined as a supplemental oxygen requirement without need for noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), remdesivir is suggested, preferably as part of a clinical trial if available. Remdesivir should also be considered for critically ill children requiring invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO. A duration of 5 days is appropriate for most patients. The panel recommends against the use of hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir-ritonavir (or other protease inhibitors) for COVID-19 in children.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For children with severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding use of remdesivir.

BackgroundAlthough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mild in nearly all children, a small proportion of pediatric patients develop severe or critical illness. Guidance is therefore needed regarding use of agents with potential activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pediatrics.MethodsA panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 18 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of best available evidence and expert opinion.ResultsGiven the typically mild course of pediatric COVID-19, supportive care alone is suggested for the overwhelming majority of cases. The panel suggests a decision-making framework for antiviral therapy that weighs risks and benefits based on disease severity as indicated by respiratory support needs, with consideration on a case-by-case basis of potential pediatric risk factors for disease progression. If an antiviral is used, the panel suggests remdesivir as the preferred agent. Hydroxychloroquine could be considered for patients who are not candidates for remdesivir or when remdesivir is not available. Antivirals should preferably be used as part of a clinical trial if available.ConclusionsAntiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For those rare cases of severe or critical disease, this guidance offers an approach for decision-making regarding antivirals, informed by available data. As evidence continues to evolve rapidly, the need for updates to the guidance is anticipated.

Soil bioengineering is concerned with the soil stabilisation with the reinforcing agent such as plant roots. This approach is extensively popular in developing countries. Most of the study conducted on soil bioengineering is carried out by ecological researchers, whereas there have been few geotechnical research studies in India that focus on using plant roots for reinforcing purposes. This research aims to investigate the changes in soil strength caused by landslides. The soil will be stabilised using plant roots from regionally common plants in the study region. The lemon roots were collected and planted in the soil, and the alterations in geotechnical properties were investigated. The reinforcing process can result in an increase in the values of MDD, UCS, SS, and OMC due to the improved compaction of soil particles. It was found that as the percentage of plant root added to the soil increases, the MDD, UCS, SS, and OMC also increases until 1% of plant root was added by weight. After that point, these properties decreases. Hence, the most favourable proportion for soil stabilisation is 1% of plant root by weight to the soil. Thus the presence of plant roots in the soil matrix enhanced the soil's stability. Therefore, the plant roots that were examined can serve as cost-effective materials for enhancing slope stability,” particularly in places that are susceptible to landslides.

The project focuses on the development of an intelligent flood management system utilizing Arduino-based hardware components to estimate reservoir inflow. By integrating data from rainfall and soil moisture sensors, coupled with potential inputs from upstream reservoirs, the system aims to dynamically control reservoir gates. The primary goal is to prevent flooding in the basin by implementing controlled water releases. The Arduino microcontroller processes real-time sensor data, triggering the activation of a servo motor to simulate the opening and closing of reservoir gates. The system's efficacy is enhanced by considering diverse soil types and land uses within the watershed. This automated approach not only addresses the challenges posed by uncontrolled urbanization and legal constraints but also provides a cost-effective and efficient solution for flood prevention. The project's potential impact extends to various sectors, including agriculture, industries, and residential areas, ensuring the safety of communities and safeguarding against the adverse effects of floods.

The main purpose of my study is to get an overview of the Internet banking sector in the Indian economy and to study as to how it has helped to change the banking habits of various individuals and to explore prospects. The purpose of this research is to search and examine the factors which influence customer satisfaction towards Internet banking. To know how good virtual services the bank provides when compared to brick-and-mortar services. To show how it became a powerful tool for promoting business. To acknowledge the Impact of e-banking on relationship between bankers and customers and on overall performance of banks. The major idea is to provide a series of services to the customer through the internet, and make the customer feel comfortable of feel flexible in calling out simple tasks faster instead of making customer to visit the bank every time. And this type of service is available only for the saving Account holders and not for the current account holders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assets are insured, because they are likely to be destroyed or made non-functional, through an accidental occurrence. Such possible occurrences are called perils. Fire, floods, breakdowns, lightning, earthquakes, etc, are perils. A possibility of loss or damage. It may or may not happen. There must be uncertainty about the risk. Insurance is done against the contingency that it may happen. People/Assets must be exposed to the same risks. Risk is spread among the community and the likely big impact on one is reduced to smaller manageable impacts on all. Collect money in advance and create a fund from which the losses are paid. A human life is also an income generating asset. This asset also can be lost through unexpectedly early death -- Accidents may or may not happen. Living too long can be as much of a problem as dying too young. These are risks which need to be safeguarded against. Insurance covers economic or financial losses -- tangible and intangible assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal objective of corporate financial management is to maximize the market value of equity shares. Hence the key question of interest to us in this study is, "What is the relationship between dividend policy and market price of equity shares? Most of the discussion on dividend of dividend policy and firm value assumes that the investment decision of a firm is independent of its dividend decision. The need for this study arises from the above raised question and the most controversial and unresolved doubts about the relevance of irrelevance of the dividend policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of growing importance of financial status, there is an increased importance for various financial institutions which provide such loans. Home is a necessity to all human beings and owning a home is a dream for everyone. Earlier only a few people had the privilege to have an own home but now with the availability of home loans provided by banks many people's dreams has come true. These are loans which are provided either to buy an already built ready to occupy a home or a flat or to construct a home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The value of the firm depends upon its expected Financial Forecasting. The rate used to discount earnings stream it's the firm's required rate of return or the cost of capital. Thus, the capital structure and Financial Forecasting decision can affect the value of the firm either by changing the expected earnings of the firm, but it can affect the reside earnings of the shareholders. The effect of leverage on the cost of capital is not very clear. Conflicting opinions have been expressed on this issue. In fact, this issue is one of the most continuous areas in the theory of finance, and perhaps more theoretical and empirical work has been done on this subject than any other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working capital management is one of the key areas of financial decision-making. It is significant because, the management must see that an excessive investment in current assets should protect the company from the problems of stock-out. Current assets will also determine the liquidity position of the firm. The goal of working capital management is to manage the firm current assets and current liabilities in such a way that a satisfactory level of working capital is maintained. If the firm cannot maintain a satisfactory level of working capital, it is likely to become insolvent and may be even forced into bankruptcy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]