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Background: Oral malodor is a major periodontal complaint, but the best method for assessing the halitosis grade is still undefined. The primary objective of the study was to detect the halitosis grade in the exhaled breath using the three distinct techniques and to compare the readings with different clinical indices to find out the best method of halitosis grading. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients with chronic periodontitis having oral malodor were included in the study. The subjective assessment of the exhaled breath (halitosis grading) was done by three different methods; using a handheld portable Tanita FitScan sulfide monitor, by Halitox toxin assay, and by organoleptic (Sniff test) method. The findings were then compared with the clinical parameters of poor oral hygiene like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (BI), and pocket depth (PD) to detect the best method of halitosis grading. Results: The mean age of the patients included was 38.23 ± 8.83 (mean ± standard deviation) years. The median value of halitosis grading as obtained by Tanita FitScan was 3.0 (95% confidence interval as 2 and 4) which was then compared with clinical indices (PI, GI, BI, and PD) and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.05), whereas the other two techniques of halitosis grading gave insignificant results. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the halitosis grading done using Tanita FitScan sulfide monitor is more appropriate with respect to clinical indices when compared with the other two techniques.

Objective: A head-and-neck cancer (HNC) comprises one-third load of India's cancer burden. We aim to compare the target coverage and the normal tissue sparing between sequential intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and simultaneously integrated boost (SIB)-IMRT plan for patients of locally advanced HNCs. We evaluate dosimetric parameters of two plans for a single patient and compare target coverage and conformity index (C. I.) and also assess the differences in dose received by organs at risk (OAR) by two plans. Materials and Methods: After recording the detailed history, performing a thorough clinical examination and the relevant investigations, the patients who were staged as locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx, hypopharynx, and supraglottic regions were chosen for the study. An informed consent was taken before enrolling them in study. Results: A total of 30 patients were enrolled in the study. Three patients were female, whereas the remaining 27 were male. Of the 30 patients 19 patients (63.34%) had oropharyngeal disease and 11 had hypopharyngeal disease (36.66%). The present study reported that 24 patients had moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, two patients had well differentiated tumor, and in four patients, it was poorly differentiated carcinoma. The minimum dose, maximum dose, and the mean dose volumes of planning target volume (PTV) 1 and PTV2 which were designated as D100, Dmax and Dmean, respectively, were analyzed by both SIB and SEQ-B IMRT plans. The C. I. was derived by Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 90-05 (34). The C. I. for PTV1 and PTV2 by SEQ-B and SIB IMRT plans was 0.96 versus 0.95 and 0.97 versus 0.95, respectively. The mean maximum dose to brain stem was 4230.02 cGy with SEQ-B and 4305.52 cGy with SIB plan. On analyzing the mean maximum dose received by mandible, a statistically significant sparing was seen with SIB technique. Conclusion: In the present study, as no significant difference was observed in OAR sparing except mandible in both the plans. Hence, in view of the results and comparative studies, both the plans are clinically acceptable, although taking into account the tumor coverage, the sequential boost IMRT plan arm gave better results.

Purpose: To build safe environment for cancer fighters and radiation personnel during COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on infection control, workflow and radiotherapy dose schedules modification strategies in radiation oncology departments. Material and Methods: A meeting was called post lock down in radiation oncology department to prepare infection control policies and workflow strategies in time of COVID-19 Pandemic. Results: Strategies and policies were formed during COVID-19 crises taking following points into consideration 1) Infection control policies 2) CT simulation policies 3) Day care admission and chemotherapy administration policies 4) Radiation treatment plan modification and delivery strategies 5) Brachytherapy delivery strategies. Conclusion: Management of cancer patients is an issue running parallel to the present condition of COVID-19 pandemic. Further randomized trial on hypofractionated radiotherapy schedules should be encouraged. Positivity, awareness and systematic approach are most important step in balancing the current scenario.

Multi-antenna wireless communication improves spectral efficiency by reusing frequencies at different locations in space using beamforming and spatial multiplexing. In the past, research has extensively focused on dynamically reusing unused frequency bands to optimize spectrum usage, but methods that identify unused resources in space appear to be unexplored. In this paper, we propose a sample-efficient whitespace detection pipeline for multi-antenna radio-frequency (RF) transceivers that detects unused resources in both frequency and space. Our spatio-spectral whitespace detection pipeline relies on multi-antenna nonuniform wavelet sampling, which identifies unused frequencies in space at sub-Nyquist sampling rates. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach via system simulations and show that reliable spatio-spectral whitespace detection is possible with $16 \times $ lower sampling rates than methods relying on Nyquist sampling.

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer can be an extremely stressful experience for the patient. COVID-19 pandemic has further created an environment of stress and anxiety amongst cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to May 2020 using google forms to assess the knowledge, distress level, practices, and attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic in cancer patients. It was observed that the females and elderly patients (> 55 years) were more knowledgeable about the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, females were more prone to emotional stress compared to males. While the younger age group (18–35 years) had a more hard time in dealing with family-related issues compared to other age groups. Therefore, the younger age group (18–35 years) and female gender being more prone to distress, warrant more attention from health care staff and caretakers. Moreover, the study highlights the need for mental and general health screening and intervention to balance the oncological care and COVID-19 situation.

Introduction Faciomaxillary fractures can present either as an isolated injury or as a part of polytrauma. The incidence of faciomaxillary injuries is on the incline with changing lifestyles in developing countries like India; thus posing as a major health burden. We conducted this study to aid in defining strategies to prevent and tackle the same. Materials and Methods A Prospective Observational study was conducted on all the patients admitted for traumatic faciomaxillary fractures in the Department of ENT for a period of three years. Aim of the study was to study the incidence, demography, pattern, management and postoperative complications in traumatic faciomaxillary fractures. Result Out of 499 cases who comprised our study group, the most common fracture encountered was of nasal bone(26.25%) with male predominance (86.37%), mostly scattered in the age group of 18-40 yrs (67.13%). RTA was found to be the most common cause (52.1%). Fractures of lateral third of face and mandible almost always needed an open reduction. Discussion The age and gender distribution pattern as well as the cause of faciomaxillary fractures and complications have been compared with the published reports. The central third of the facial skeleton has been found to be affected most in traumatic fractures, whereas some other studies found fracture of the mandible to be the most common. Open reduction was needed in 44.9% of patients. Conclusion With increasing incidence of RTAs, there is a need to understand the pattern, review our management techniques and hence be able to provide appropriate and individualized management to those in need of it.

Introduction Faciomaxillary fractures can present either as an isolated injury or as a part of polytrauma. The incidence of faciomaxillary injuries is on the incline with changing lifestyles in developing countries like India; thus posing as a major health burden. We conducted this study to aid in defining strategies to prevent and tackle the same. Materials and Methods A Prospective Observational study was conducted on all the patients admitted for traumatic faciomaxillary fractures in the Department of ENT for a period of three years. Aim of the study was to study the incidence, demography, pattern, management and postoperative complications in traumatic faciomaxillary fractures. Result Out of 499 cases who comprised our study group, the most common fracture encountered was of nasal bone(26.25%) with male predominance (86.37%), mostly scattered in the age group of 18-40 yrs (67.13%). RTA was found to be the most common cause (52.1%). Fractures of lateral third of face and mandible almost always needed an open reduction. Discussion The age and gender distribution pattern as well as the cause of faciomaxillary fractures and complications have been compared with the published reports. The central third of the facial skeleton has been found to be affected most in traumatic fractures, whereas some other studies found fracture of the mandible to be the most common. Open reduction was needed in 44.9% of patients. Conclusion With increasing incidence of RTAs, there is a need to understand the pattern, review our management techniques and hence be able to provide appropriate and individualized management to those in need of it.

Gummy smile has been an esthetic concern for many patients. This clinical report describes a successful surgical coverage obtained by modified lip repositioning, thus surgically treating the gummy smile. The technique was performed to limit the retraction of elevator muscles (e.g., zygomaticus minor, orbicularis oris, leviator anguli oris and levator labi oris.) The technique is fulfilled by removing two strips of mucosa from maxillary buccal vestibule on both the sides leaving the frenum untouched and creating a partial thickness flap between mucogingival junction and upper lip musculature, and suturing the lip mucosa with mucogingival junction, resulting in a narrow vestibule and restricted muscle pull, thereby reducing gingival display. This technique is different from the conventional surgical lip repositioning as labial frenum is left untouched over here as it helps in maintain Litton the midline for lip repositioning and reduces the morbidity associated with it.

Background : Dentin hypersensitivity is a commonly experienced problem that is triggered by an external stimulus, such as hot and cold temperature changes, pressure from tooth brushing and osmotic changes caused due to sweet or sour food and beverages. Various treatment modalities are tried and tested, amongst them desensitizing pastes have been used extensively in the past decades. Objective: The objective of these 15 days, single center, randomized clinical pilot study was to evaluate the dentin hypersensitivity reducing efficacy of two commercially available desensitizing toothpastes: One with Pro-Argin technology and the other with Novamin. Materials and Methods: Eighty subjects of dentin hypersensitivity were sampled in the present pilot study. Subjects were randomly selected and the pastes were prescribed for both the groups. Subjects were advised to brush twice daily for 2 min with the desensitizing paste and also were advised for topical application of the desensitizing paste on sensitive teeth and were asked not to rinse until morning. The evaluation was done by Air blast technique using sensitivity visual analog scale consisting of mild, moderate, and severe parameters rated on a scale of 0-10. Efficacy was compared on baseline, after 1 min of application and after 15 days. Statistical Analysis: t-test was performed and P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups after 1 min of examination, but there was a statistically significant difference in reduction of dentin hypersensitivity after 15 days interval favoring Vantej group (P ≤ 0.02). Conclusion: Desensitizing paste containing 5% NovaMin crystals provided a statistically significant reduction at 15 days interval when compared with the one containing Pro-Arginine.

Background: According to World Oral Health report 2003, the prevalence of periodontitis is 86% in India. Dental care can sometimes be a forgotten part of a healthy life style. While its importance is often underestimated, the need for regular dental care cannot be overstated. Oral health has been neglected for long in India. The scarce literature on dental health awareness, attitude, oral health-related habits and behavior among the adult population in Rajasthan prompted us to assess the preventive oral health awareness and oral hygiene practices in patients attending outpatient department of Vyas Dental College and Hospital (VDCH), Jodhpur through this study. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 patients in the age group 15-50 years were selected using random sampling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire including 16 multiple choice questions was given to them. The results were analyzed using percentage. Results: The result of this study shows an acute lack of oral hygiene awareness and limited knowledge of oral hygiene practices. In Jodhpur, few people use tooth brush. Conclusions: Hence, there is an urgent need for comprehensive educational programs to promote good oral health and impart education about correct oral hygiene practices.