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1. Biodistribution of naturally occurring radionuclides and radiocesium in wild European perch (Perca fluviatilis)

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Piñero García, Francisco, Thomas, R., Mantero Cabrera, Juan, Forssell-Aronsson, Eva, Isaksson, Mats, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Piñero García, Francisco, Thomas, R., Mantero Cabrera, Juan, Forssell-Aronsson, Eva, and Isaksson, Mats
Abstract: Wild European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is one of the most important freshwater fish species, in Sweden, due to its widespread and his value for recreational fishing. Little it is known regarding the biodistribution of naturally occurring radionuclides such as 238U, 234U, 226Ra, 210Po in perch. Therefore, in this study, perches from five lakes located in different counties in Sweden were collected to investigate the biodistribution of 238U, 234U, 226Ra, 210Po and 137Cs in organs and tissues of perch as well as their radiological impact. The results showed that uranium radionuclides ranged between 0.1 and 6 Bq/kg with an average value of 1.1 ± 1.5 Bq/kg. 226Ra varied from 0.4 to 8 Bq/kg with a mean concentration of 1.7 ± 1.9 Bq/kg. The ranged of 210Po was 0.5 – 250 Bq/kg, with an average value of 24 ± 52 Bq/kg. On the other hand, the highest activity concentration of 137Cs, 151 ± 1 Bq/kg, was detected in muscle samples of perch from Redsjösjön lake. For uranium radionuclides and 226Ra uptake from water is the main source whereas for 210Po and 137Cs the uptake is controlled by the perch diet. Regarding naturally occurring radionuclides, the perch tended to accumulated uranium radionuclides in fins, gills, and skin; 226Ra in bones, fins and skin and 210Po in the organs linked to digestive system. Finally, in case of consumption, it is advised the consumption of skinned fillets of perch due to the higher bioaccumulation of the radionuclides investigated in the skin and scales.
Published: 2023

2. Two-phase late Paleozoic magmatism (~ 313–312 and ~ 299–298 Ma) in the Lusatian Block and its relation to large scale NW striking fault zones: evidence from zircon U–Pb CA–ID–TIMS geochronology, bulk rock- and zircon chemistry

Author: Käßner, A., Tichomirowa, M., Lapp, M., Leonhardt, D., Whitehouse, M., Gerdes, A., Institut Für Mineralogie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg/Sachsen, Germany, Saxonian Geological Survey, Freiberg, Germany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, and Institut Für Geowissenschaften, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Subjects: Zircon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Variscan granites, Lusatian block, ddc:551, Pluton, Geochronology, Geochemistry, Volcanic rock, Igneous rock, Magmatism, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Shear zone, Protolith, Geology
Abstract: Late Paleozoic (Variscan) magmatism is widespread in Central Europe. The Lusatian Block is located in the NE Bohemian Massif and it is part of the Saxothuringian Zone of the Variscan orogen. It is bordered by two major NW-trending shear zones, the Intra-Sudetic Fault Zone towards NE and the Elbe Fault Zone towards SW. The scarce Variscan igneous rocks of the Lusatian Block are situated close to these faults. We investigated 19 samples from Variscan plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Lusatian Block, considering all petrological varieties (biotite-bearing granites from the Koenigshain and Stolpen plutons, amphibole-bearing granites from three boreholes, several volcanic dykes, and two volcanites from the intramontane Weissig basin). We applied whole-rock geochemistry (18 samples) and zircon evaporation dating (19 samples). From the evaporation data, we selected six representative samples for additional zircon SHRIMP and CA–ID–TIMS dating. For the Koenigshain pluton, possible protoliths were identified using whole-rock Nd-isotopes, and zircon Hf- and O-isotopes. The new age data allow a subdivision of Variscan igneous rocks in the Lusatian Block into two distinct magmatic episodes. The spatial relation of the two age groups to either the Elbe Fault Zone (298–299 Ma) or the Intra-Sudetic Fault Zone (312–313 Ma) together with reports on the fault-bound character of the dated intrusions suggests an interpretation as two major post-collisional faulting episodes. This assumption of two distinct magmatic periods is confirmed by a compilation of recently published zircon U–Pb CA–ID–TIMS data on further Variscan igneous rocks from the Saxothuringian Zone. New geochemical data allow us to exclude a dominant sedimentary protolith for the Koenigshain pluton as supposed by previous investigations. This conclusion is mainly based on new O- and Hf-isotope data on zircon and the scarcity of inherited zircons. Instead, acid or intermediate igneous rocks are supposed as the main source for these I-type granitoids from the Koenigshain pluton., Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (3135)
Published: 2021
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3. Endoparasitoid lifestyle promotes endogenization and domestication of dsDNA viruses

Author: Benjamin Guinet, David Lepetit, Sylvain Charlat, Peter N Buhl, David G Notton, Astrid Cruaud, Jean-Yves Rasplus, Julia Stigenberg, Damien M. de Vienne, Boussau Bastien, Julien Varaldi, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zoological Museum [Copenhagen], Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), This work was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) to J.V. (ANR-11-JSV7-0011 Viromics). We also thank the ANR project HORIZON (ANR-17-CE02-0021, S. Charlat) for financial support., ANR-11-JSV7-0011,viromics,Distribution et impact des virus héritables dans une communauté hôtes-parasitoïdes(2011), ANR-17-CE02-0021,Horizon,Patterns and processes of horizontal DNA transfer: an in-depth exploration of the host-parasitoid route(2017), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Natural Sciences Department, National Museums Collection Centre, 242 West Granton Road, Granton, Edinburgh, EH5 1JA, Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, and This work was supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) to J.V. (ANR-11-JSV7-0011 Viromics). We also thank the ANR project HORIZON (S. Charlat) for financial support.
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], evolutionary biology, Hymenoptera, EVE, dsDNA virus, domestication, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, genomics, horizontal gene transfer, genetics, parasitoid, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: All sequencing data are available at NCBI via the BioProject accession number NCBI: PRJNA826991. All scripts and additional tables as well as all cluster phylogeny figures are available under the github repository : (BenjaminGuinet/Viral-domestication-among-Hymenoptera).; International audience; The accidental endogenization of viral elements within eukaryotic genomes can occasionally provide significant evolutionary benefits, giving rise to their long-term retention, that is, to viral domestication. For instance, in some endoparasitoid wasps (whose immature stages develop inside their hosts), the membrane-fusion property of viruses has been repeatedly domesticated following the ancestral endogenizations of double-stranded DNA viruses. The endogenized genes provide female wasps with a delivery tool to inject virulence factors that are essential to the developmental success of their offspring. Because all known cases of viral domestication involve endoparasitic wasps, we hypothesized that this lifestyle, relying on a close interaction between individuals, may have promoted the endogenization and domestication of viruses. By analyzing the composition of 124 Hymenoptera genomes, spread over the diversity of this clade and including free-living, ecto- and endoparasitoid species, we tested this hypothesis. Our analysis first revealed that double-stranded DNA viruses, in comparisons with other viral genomic structures (ssDNA, dsRNA, ssRNA), are more often integrated (that is, endogenized) and domesticated (that is, retained by selection) than expected from their estimated abundance in insect viral communities. Secondly, our analysis indicates that the rate at which dsDNA viruses are endogenized is higher in endoparasitoids than in ectoparasitoids or free-living hymenopterans, which also translates into more frequent events of domestication. Hence, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the endoparasitoid lifestyle has facilitated the endogenization of dsDNA viruses, in turn increasing the opportunities of domestications that now play a central role in the biology of many parasitoid lineages.
Published: 2023
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4. Morphologic and genetic characterisation of Corsican and Sardinian trout with comments on Salmo taxonomy

Author: Patrick Berrebi, Christelle Tougard, Andrea Sabatini, Stephane Muracciole, Bo Delling, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Fédération de la Corse pour la Pêche et la Protection des Milieux Aquatiques, Fédération Corse, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Conservazione Biodiversità, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tyrrhenian Sea, Mitochondrial DNA, animal diseases, Zoology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, Relatively large head, Brown trout, brown trout, morphology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, 14. Life underwater, Salmo, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology, lcsh:SH1-691, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, mtDNA, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, meristics, biology.organism_classification, language.human_language, Trout, language, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Taxonomy (biology), Corsican, Meristics
Abstract: Both morphological and molecular data are presented and discussed for indigenous Salmo sp. from Corsica and Sardinia, here called Tyrrhenian trout. For comparison, morphological data obtained from museum specimens, including the Algerian S. macrostigma, are discussed in the light of recent and new molecular findings. In total, 29 measurements and 20 meristic characters were taken from each specimen. Out of the meristic characters, 12 were obtained by means of X-ray. One important morphometric character in the present study is the size of the head measured from premaxilla to posterior margin of preoperculum. This character was particularly stable in all Tyrrhenian trout, showing relatively large head compared to Atlantic trout and to S. macrostigma. On the contrary, other characters like body punctuations, black and white edges of fins, body depth or number of epurals in the caudal skeleton are quite polymorphic. In certain meristic characters, range of variation of Tyrrhenian trout even exceeds that of the extensive comparative material. Each trout has been genetically characterized. New haplotypes from Tyrrhenian trout were discovered, belonging to three mitochondrial lineages viz. Adriatic, marble and Mediterranean, however, Adriatic haplotypes are dominant. Comparing morphological and genetic data, observed morphology lacks any obvious correlation to mitochondrial lineages and it is concluded that Tyrrhenian trout show no particular affinity to S. macrostigma from Algeria.
Published: 2020
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5. Evidence for molecular structural variations in the cytoarchitectures of a Jurassic plant

Author: Vivi Vajda, Anders Engdahl, Martin J. Whitehouse, Yuangao Qu, Nicola McLoughlin, Mark A. van Zuilen, Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [Sanya] (IDSSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Swedish Museum of Natural History, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Geology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa, Albany Museum, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], and This project is financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0309800), the Hundred Talent Program C of China (Y810011BRC), the Swedish Research Council (VR 2015-04264), the Bergen Research Foundation (Norway), the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 646894), and the Department of Science and Technology–National Research Foundation Centre for Excellence in Palaeosciences at the University of Witwatersrandthe (South Africa). The NordSIM laboratory at the Swedish Museum of Natural History is a Vetenskapsrådet (VR)-funded research infrastructure, of which this is publication 593. We highly appreciate the technical assistance of the University of Bergen, the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, the MAX Lab at Lund University, and the NordSIM lab. Many thanks to Gang Lü for helping us with data processing, and to the Botanical Garden in Lund for providing extant royal fern samples
Subjects: Sweden, Permineralization, Taphonomy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Osmunda, Lineage (evolution), Osmundaceae, Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Fossilization, Geochemistry, Evolutionary biology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Organelle, Fern, Mitosis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Osmunda regalis, Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract: In this study, we investigate the molecular structural characteristics of organic remains in various cellular organelles from a 180 Ma Jurassic royal fern belonging to the Osmundaceae family of ferns, and compare their carbon isotopic compositions to a now-living species of royal fern (Osmunda regalis). We discovered molecular structural variations indicated by Raman and infrared spectral parameters obtained from various fossilized cellular organelles. The organic remains preserved in the chromosomes and cell nuclei show marked structural heterogeneities compared to the cell walls during different stages of the cell cycle. The fossil and extant fern have similar δ13C values obtained from bulk samples, supporting evolutionary stasis in this plant lineage and an unchanged metabolic pathway of carbon assimilation since the Jurassic. The organic remains in the cellular organelles of the fossil seem to be less heterogeneous than those in the extant fern, likely due to the preferential preservation of certain cellular compounds during fossilization. Taphonomic processes appear to have diminished the subcellular isotopic heterogeneities. Our research sheds light on the functioning of ancient plant cellular organelles during mitosis, provides insights to the taphonomic processes operating at molecular and isotopic levels, and shows the practicability of in situ techniques in studying the evolution and behaviors of ancient cells. This project is also financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0309800), the Hundred Talent Program C of China (Y810011BRC), the Swedish Research Council (VR 2015-04264), the Bergen Research Foundation (Norway), the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 646894), and the Department of Science and Technology–National Research Foundation Centre for Excellence in Palaeosciences at the University of Witwatersrandthe (South Africa). The NordSIM laboratory at the Swedish Museum of Natural History is a Vetenskapsrådet (VR)-funded research infrastructure.
Published: 2019
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6. Inventory of echinoderms in the Iles Eparses (Europa, Glorieuses, Juan de Nova), Mozambique Channel, France

Author: Marc Eléaume, Pascale Chabanet, Thierry Mulochau, Chantal Conand, Sabine Stöhr, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), BIORECIF, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), and IRD Reunion
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquilonastra chantalae, Biodiversity, Mozambique Channel, Conservation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Visual census, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Inventory, Coral reef, biology.organism_classification, Animal groups, Iles Eparses, Western Indian Ocean, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Channel (geography), Echinoderms
Abstract: International audience; The multidisciplinary programme BioReCIE (Biodiversity, Resources and Conservation of coral reefs at Eparses Is.) inventoried multiple marine animal groups in order to provide information on the coral reef health of the Iles Eparses. All five classes of echinoderms were observed by visual census, photographed and later identified. About 100 species are reported, including a few unidentified ones which require further studies. The Holothuroidea and Ophiuroidea are the most diverse. One new species, the asterinid Aquilonastra chantalae O'Loughlin and McKenzie (2013), was discovered in addition to several new records of echinoderms. The illegal fishery targeting holothurians, which are presently highly valuable resources in this zone, is discussed.
Published: 2016
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7. One new endemic plant species on average per month in New Caledonia, including eight more new species from Île Art (Belep Islands), a major micro-hotspot in need of protection

Author: Neil Snow, Ulf Swenson, Gildas Gâteblé, Laure Barrabé, Jérôme Munzinger, Gordon McPherson, Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), New Caledonia Plant Red List Authority Endemia, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Pittsburg State University, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Missouri Botanical Garden, Institut Agronomique neo-Caledonien (IAC), Gateble, Gildas, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Endangered species, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, primulaceae ex-myrsinaceae, psychotria rubiaceae, planchonella sapotaceae, biodiversity hotspots, vascular flora, genus, revision, phylogeny, myrtaceae, richness, Critically endangered, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Bocquillonia, Psychotria, 14. Life underwater, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Genus, Ecology, Biodiversity hotspot, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, New caledonia, New species, Archipelago, Planchonella, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The New Caledonian biodiversity hotspot contains many micro-hotspots that exhibit high plant micro-endemism, and that are facing different types and intensities of threats. The Belep archipelago, and especially Île Art, with 24 and 21 respective narrowly endemic species (1 Extinct, 21 Critically Endangered and 2 Endangered), should be considered as the most sensitive micro-hotspot of plant diversity in New Caledonia because of the high anthropogenic threat of fire. Nano-hotspots could also be defined for the low forest remnants of the southern and northern plateaus of Île Art. With an average rate of more than one new species described for New Caledonia each month since January 2000 and five new endemics for the Belep archipelago since 2009, the state of knowledge of the flora is steadily improving. The present account of eight new species from Île Art (Bocquillonia montrouzieri Gâteblé & McPherson, Cleidion artense Gâteblé & McPherson, Endiandra artensis Munzinger & McPherson, Eugenia belepiana J.W.Dawson ex N.Snow, Eugenia insulartensis J.W.Dawson ex N.Snow, Macaranga latebrosa Gâteblé & McPherson, Planchonella serpentinicola Swenson & Munzinger and Psychotria neodouarrei Barrabé & A.Martini) further demonstrates the need both to recognise the Belep Islands as a major New Caledonian micro-hotspot and to formulate concrete conservation programs for the archipelago.
Published: 2018
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8. An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA - a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Author: Emmanuel Fara, Larisa A. Doguzhaeva, Kevin G. Bylund, Arnaud Brayard, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Goudemand, James F. Jenks, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Olivier, Department of Palaeobiology [Stockholm], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Earth Sciences [MSU Bozeman], Montana State University (MSU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Study supported by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences., ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR-14-ACHN-0010,EvoDevOdonto,Origine et evolution des appendices epitheliaux chez les vertebres: une perspective interdisciplinaire(2014), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie ( LMTG ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon ( IGFL ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de géobiologie, biochronologie et paléontologie humaine ( LGBPH ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Departement Histoire de la Terre, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Idaho, Early Triassic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, phylogeny, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:GN282-286.7, gladius, biology.animal, lcsh:Fossil man. Human paleontology, 14. Life underwater, Gladius, Mesozoic, Mantle (mollusc), lcsh:QE701-760, Coleoidea, USA, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Squid, biology, Paleontology, Anatomy, soft tissue preservation, biology.organism_classification, Triassic, Cephalopod, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Cephalopoda, lcsh:Paleontology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ultrastructure, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract: 15 pages; International audience; We describe an Olenekian (Early Triassic) “fossil squid” belonging to the oldest complex Mesozoic marine biota collected in the Lower Shale unit of the Lower Triassic Thaynes Group in Idaho, USA. The studied specimen shows a tapered structure embedded in a cylindrical soft body. Morphological, ultrastructural and geochemical features of the specimen suggest that it corresponds to an internally-shelled cephalopod exhibiting a tapered micro-laminated gladius with rachis, narrow median and lateral fields and a large conus; a pair of posterior large fin-supported cartilages and fins; ventral and dorsal mantle band-shape structures, the dorsal one being cartilaginous; mantle patches; a stomach containing undigested arm-hooks and sheet-like pieces of potential flooded ink. Coupled SEM/EDS analyses show that (i) arm-hooks and ink were pseudomorphed by nanoparticles (less than 0.6 mm in diameter) of carbon, (ii) gladius and soft tissues were substituted by granules of calcium phosphate, (iii) cartilage canalicula’s were partially filled with calcium phosphate grains and crystals of Zn- and S-containing minerals. The specimen was hence probably fossilized due to metabolism of P- and C-accumulating bacteria. Based on this specimen, Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. and Idahoteuthidae Doguzhaeva and Brayard fam. nov. are erected. This family is characterized by an elongated, cylindrical, dorsally cartilaginous muscular mantle; well-developed, about 0.2 mantle length, rounded anteriorly and acute posteriorly, fin-supported cartilages and similarly shaped two fins at conical mantle termination, and thin slender gladius with narrow median and lateral fields, rachis and breviconic conus. This family assumedly falls in Myopsida (Decabrachia). A streamlined body, large fin-supported cartilages and eroded arm-hooks in the stomach of Idahoteuthis Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. nov. suggest that this was a maneuverable cannibal predator that dwelled in the subequatorial shallow sea of the west coast of Pangaea.
Published: 2018
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9. Marginal leaf galls on Pliocene leaves from India indicate mutualistic behavior between Ipomoea plants and Eriophyidae mites

Author: Taposhi Hazra, Benjamin Adroit, Thomas Denk, Torsten Wappler, Subhankar Kumar Sarkar, Subir Bera, Mahasin Ali Khan, Palaeobotany‑Palynology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia 723104, India, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Paleontology Section, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India, and Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata 700019, India
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: We report a new type of fossil margin galls arranged in a linear series on dicot leaf impressions from the latest Neogene (Pliocene) sediments of the Chotanagpur Plateau, Jharkhand, eastern India. We collected ca. 1500 impression and compression leaf fossils, of which 1080 samples bear arthropod damage referable to 37 different damage types (DT) in the ‘GuidetoInsect(andOther)DamageTypesinCompressedPlantFossils’. A few leaf samples identified as Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae) have specific margin galls that do not match any galling DT previously described. This type of galling is characterized by small, linearly arranged, irregular, sessile, sub-globose, solitary, indehiscent, solid pouch-galls with irregular ostioles. The probable damage inducers of the present galling of the foliar margin might be members of Eriophyidae (Acari). The new type of gall suggests that marginal gall-inducing mites on leaves of Ipomoea did not change their host preference at the genus level since the Pliocene. The development of marginal leaf galling in Ipomoea is linked to extrafloral nectaries that do not offer protection against arthropod galling but indirectly protect the plant against herbivory from large mammals.
Published: 2023
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10. Origin of nitrogen on Mars: First in situ N isotope analyses of martian meteorites

Author: Deligny, C., Füri, E., Deloule, E., Peslier, A.H., Faure, F., Marrocchi, Y., Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, and European Project: 715028,VOLATILIS
Subjects: Nitrogen, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochemistry and Petrology, Mars, Nakhlites, Chassigny, Volatile accretion, SIMS
Abstract: International audience; Martian meteorites are key for assessing the isotopic characteristics of nitrogen in different martian reservoirs (i.e., mantle, crust, and atmosphere), and, ultimately, for constraining the source(s) of nitrogen trapped during the earliest stages of planetary accretion in the terrestrial planet-forming region. In this study, we analysed, for the first time, the nitrogen content and isotopic composition of glassy melt inclusions of Chassigny and of the mesostasis of five nakhlites (MIL 03346, Nakhla, NWA 6148, NWA 998, and Y 000593) by in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry. The nitrogen content of Chassigny melt inclusions, corrected for olivine overgrowth on the inclusion walls, varies from 4 ± 1 to 860 ± 45 ppm N, and the majority of δ 15 N values range from-35 ± 41 to +73 ± 36‰. The estimated nitrogen isotopic signature of the primitive melt, prior to degassing of N 2 or NH 3 , is 0 ± 32‰. The mesostasis of nakhlites contains 2.7 ± 0.2 to 943 ± 156 ppm N, with δ 15 N values from-30 ± 37 to +348 ± 43‰. Whereas degassing of N 2 or NH 3 can explain the lowest nitrogen isotopic ratios measured in the nakhlite mesostasis, the 15 N-enriched isotopic composition (δ 15 N > 150‰) of four nakhlites (MIL 03346, Nakhla, NWA 6148, and Y 000593) likely results from interaction of the mesostasis melt with the martian atmosphere during ejection. The δ 15 N values (+25 ± 42 and +77 ± 19‰) of two melt inclusions in Y 000593 are comparable to those of Chassigny, further confirming that these meteorites likely sample a common volatile reservoir in the martian interior. Overall, the new results indicate that the chassignitenakhlite reservoir did not inherit nitrogen from the solar nebula but, instead, from chondritic-like materials. These findings further confirm that planetary bodies in the inner solar system accreted (isotopically) chondritic nitrogen during the first few million years of solar system history.
Published: 2023
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11. Improving nomenclatural consistency: a decade of experience in the World Register of Marine Species

Author: Gary C. B. Poore, Nicole Boury-Esnault, Mark J. Costello, Gary Rosenberg, Nicolas Bailly, Tammy Horton, Wim Decock, Bart Vanhoorne, Simone N. Brandão, Sofie Vranken, Leen Vandepitte, Jan Mees, Serge Gofas, Francisco Hernandez, Gustav Paulay, Geoffrey B. Read, Sabine Stöhr, Andreas Kroh, S. Dekeyzer, Dept Biologia Animal, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Interoperability, Biodiversity, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Data type, World Wide Web, lcsh:Botany, lcsh:Zoology, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:QL1-991, Nomenclature, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Pace, Taxonomy, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QK1-989, Geography, Taxon, World Register of Marine Species, Type locality, nomenclature, taxonomic databases, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, WoRMS
Abstract: International audience; The World Register of Marine species (WoRMS) has been established for a decade. The early history of the database involved compilation of existing global and regional species registers. This aggregation, combined with changes to data types and the changing needs of WoRMS users, has resulted in an evolution of data-entry consistency over time. With the task of aggregating the accepted species names for all marine species approaching completion, our focus has shifted to improving the consistency and quality of data held while keeping pace with the addition of > 2000 new marine species described annually. This paper defines priorities and longer-term aims that promote standardisation within and interoperability among biodiversity databases, provides editors with further information on how to input nomenclatural data in a standardised way and clarifies for users of WoRMS how and why names are represented as they are. We 1) explain the categories of names included; 2) list standard reasons used to explain why a name is considered ‘unaccepted’ or ‘uncertain’; 3) present and explain the more difficult situations encountered; 4) describe categories of sources and notes linked to a taxon; and 5) recommend how type material, type locality and environmental information should be entered.
Published: 2017
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12. Unexpected Early Triassic marine ecosystem and the rise of the Modern evolutionary fauna

Author: Brayard, Arnaud, Krumenacker, L. J., Botting, Joseph P., Jenks, James F., Bylund, Kevin G., Fara, Emmanuel, Vennin, Emmanuelle, Olivier, Nicolas, Goudemand, Nicolas, Saucede, Thomas, Charbonnier, Sylvain, Romano, Carlo, Doguzhaeva, Larisa, Ben Thuy, Hautmann, Michael, Stephen, Daniel A., Thomazo, Christophe, Escarguel, Gilles, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [MSU Bozeman], Montana State University (MSU), Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Department of Geology, National Museum of Wales - Cardiff, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Palaeobiology [Stockholm], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Department of Palaeontology, Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg (MNHN), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University (UVU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-JS06-0001-01, ANR-14-ACHN-0010, ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR-14-ACHN-0010,EvoDevOdonto,Origine et evolution des appendices epitheliaux chez les vertebres: une perspective interdisciplinaire(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), University of Zurich, Brayard, Arnaud, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University ( MSU ), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand ( OPGC ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon ( IGFL ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements ( CR2P ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Natural History Museum Luxembourg, Utah Valley University, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur. ( 2013 ), ANR-14-ACHN-0010,EvoDevOdonto,Origine et evolution des appendices epitheliaux chez les vertebres: une perspective interdisciplinaire ( 2014 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)
Subjects: Aquatic Organisms, 1000 Multidisciplinary, Fossils, Idaho, Paris Biota, SciAdv r-articles, Paleontology, End-Permian mass extinction, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, Early Triassic, Biological Evolution, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, biotic recovery, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, marine ecosystems, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Research Articles, Research Article, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: A new marine fossil assemblage from the Early Triassic shows unexpected phyletic diversity and functional complexity., In the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction, the Early Triassic (~251.9 to 247 million years ago) is portrayed as an environmentally unstable interval characterized by several biotic crises and heavily depauperate marine benthic ecosystems. We describe a new fossil assemblage—the Paris Biota—from the earliest Spathian (middle Olenekian, ~250.6 million years ago) of the Bear Lake area, southeastern Idaho, USA. This highly diversified assemblage documents a remarkably complex marine ecosystem including at least seven phyla and 20 distinct metazoan orders, along with algae. Most unexpectedly, it combines early Paleozoic and middle Mesozoic taxa previously unknown from the Triassic strata, among which are primitive Cambrian-Ordovician leptomitid sponges (a 200–million year Lazarus taxon) and gladius-bearing coleoid cephalopods, a poorly documented group before the Jurassic (~50 million years after the Early Triassic). Additionally, the crinoid and ophiuroid specimens show derived anatomical characters that were thought to have evolved much later. Unlike previous works that suggested a sluggish postcrisis recovery and a low diversity for the Early Triassic benthic organisms, the unexpected composition of this exceptional assemblage points toward an early and rapid post-Permian diversification for these clades. Overall, it illustrates a phylogenetically diverse, functionally complex, and trophically multileveled marine ecosystem, from primary producers up to top predators and potential scavengers. Hence, the Paris Biota highlights the key evolutionary position of Early Triassic fossil ecosystems in the transition from the Paleozoic to the Modern marine evolutionary fauna at the dawn of the Mesozoic era.
Published: 2017
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13. Pycnandra longiflora (Sapotaceae) a species believed to be extinct, rediscovered in New Caledonia

Author: Jérôme Munzinger, Ulf Swenson, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Systematic, Population, Zoology, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Critically endangered, Type (biology), [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, New Caledonia, Genus, Pycnandra longiflora, IUCN Red List, prospection, education, Eudicots, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Sapotaceae, biology, Ecology, Pycnandra, Extinct species, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, extended description, rediscovering, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Pycnandra longiflora (Sapotaceae) belongs to the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia. It is only known from the type collection made in 1861-67 at the obscure locality "Gatope". Relocation of this species has been of high priority for more than a decade, but without success. Pycnandra longiflora was therefore recently declared extinct. However, a population was recently discovered near a mining site at Onajiele, in the Ouazangou-Taom massif, and it is revealed that P. longiflora has the most spectacular flowers in the entire genus, being large and bicoloured in red and yellow. A thorough description is here outlined and we propose a preliminary IUCN status as Critically Endangered.
Published: 2016
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14. Tracking pan-continental trends in environmental contamination using sentinel raptors—what types of samples should we use?

Author: Paola Movalli, Antonio J. García-Fernández, Silvia Espín, Michael Coeurdassier, Oliver Krone, Richard F. Shore, B. van Hattum, Veerle L.B. Jaspers, Christian Sonne, Emma Martínez-López, N.W. van den Brink, Pilar Gómez-Ramírez, Igor Eulaers, Clémentine Fritsch, Dorte Herzke, Rafael Mateo, Björn Helander, Guy Duke, European Science Foundation, Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, FRAM—High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), DELTARES - Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares system, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Bioscience, Artic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, UA, University of Antwerp (UA), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Centre for the Environment, Oxford University Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Environmental Research & Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Department of Collections, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Research Networking Programme funded through European Science Foundation (ESF), Norwegian Institute for Air Research ( NILU ), NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ( NERC ), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] ( VU ), Deltares system (NETHERLANDS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Department of Bioscience, Artic Research Centre ( ARC ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Department of Biology ( Norwegian University of Science and Technology ), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Oxford University, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegeticos ( IREC CSIC UCLM JCCM ), and Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] ( WUR )
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Diagnostics & Crisis Organization, Environmental monitoring, Biomonitoring, media_common, Trophic level, Diagnostiek & Crisisorganisatie, Ecology, Pharmacology. Therapy, Contaminación, Environmental resource management, General Medicine, Bird of prey, Matrix, Sample type, Contaminant, Monitoring, Contamination, Europe, Chemistry, Dierecologie, Environmental Pollutants, Animal Ecology, Environmental Monitoring, Sentinel species, Biology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Article, Ecology and Environment, media_common.cataloged_instance, Animals, European Union, European union, Toxicologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Raptors, business.industry, Ave de rapiña, Feathers, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, business, Environmental Pollution, Zoology, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Bird of prey, Contaminant, Monitoring, Sample type, Matrix
Abstract: This article is an output from a workshop on Setting Best Practices on Raptor Contaminant Monitoring Activities in Europe, one of the activities of the EURAPMON network (http:// www.eurapmon.net) hosted in Murcia in May–June 2013.-- et al., Biomonitoring using birds of prey as sentinel species has been mooted as a way to evaluate the success of European Union directives that are designed to protect people and the environment across Europe from industrial contaminants and pesticides. No such pan-European evaluation currently exists. Coordination of such large scale monitoring would require harmonisation across multiple countries of the types of samples collected and analysed-matrices vary in the ease with which they can be collected and the information they provide. We report the first ever pan-European assessment of which raptor samples are collected across Europe and review their suitability for biomonitoring. Currently, some 182 monitoring programmes across 33 European countries collect a variety of raptor samples, and we discuss the relative merits of each for monitoring current priority and emerging compounds. Of the matrices collected, blood and liver are used most extensively for quantifying trends in recent and longer-term contaminant exposure, respectively. These matrices are potentially the most effective for pan-European biomonitoring but are not so widely and frequently collected as others. We found that failed eggs and feathers are the most widely collected samples. Because of this ubiquity, they may provide the best opportunities for widescale biomonitoring, although neither is suitable for all compounds. We advocate piloting pan-European monitoring of selected priority compounds using these matrices and developing read-across approaches to accommodate any effects that trophic pathway and species differences in accumulation may have on our ability to track environmental trends in contaminants., The work undertaken for this review was also supported by EURAPMON.
Published: 2016
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15. Investigation of mercury concentrations in fur of phocid seals using stable isotopes as tracers of trophic levels and geographical regions

Author: Frank Rigét, Florence Caurant, Aurore Aubail, Rune Dietz, Jonas Teilmann, Olle Karlsson, Tero Härkönen, Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Department of Contaminant Research, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), and Greenland Institute for Natural Resources (GINR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Leptonychotes weddellii, Krill, Zoology, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, 010501 environmental sciences, Ommatophoca rossii, 01 natural sciences, Phoca, nitrogen, Arctic, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Lobodon carcinophagus, biology, Ecology, carbon, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, hair, biology.organism_classification, Hg, Pusa hispida, Arctocephalus, 13. Climate action, Antarctica, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Recent studies have shown that the complementary analysis of mercury (Hg) concentrations and stable isotopic ratios of nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) can be useful for investigating the trophic influence on the Hg exposure and accumulation in marine top predators. In this study, we propose to evaluate the interspecies variability of Hg concentrations in phocids from polar areas and to compare Hg bioaccumulation between both hemispheres. Mercury concentrations, δ15N and δ13C were measured in fur from 85 individuals representing 7 phocidae species, a Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii), Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii), crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga), harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), grey seals (Halichoerus grypus), ringed seals (Phoca hispida), and a bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), from Greenland, Denmark and Antarctica. Our results showed a positive correlation between Hg concentrations and δ15N values among all individuals. Seals from the Northern ecosystems displayed greater Hg concentrations, δ15N and δ13C values than those from the Southern waters. Those geographical differences in Hg and stable isotopes values were likely due to higher environmental Hg concentrations and somewhat greater number of steps in Arctic food webs. Moreover, dissimilarities in feeding habits among species were shown through δ15N and δ13C analysis, resulting in an important interspecific variation in fur Hg concentrations. A trophic segregation was observed between crabeater seals and the other species, resulting from the very specific diet of krill of this species and leading to the lowest observed Hg concentrations.
Published: 2011
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16. Boris Choubert: Unrecognized visionary geologist, pioneer of the global tectonics

Author: Philippe Le Vigouroux, Anne-Marie Boullier, Dominik Letsch, Umberto G. Cordani, Benito Ábalos, Brian Upton, Jacques Kornprobst, Åke Johansson, Pierre Barbey, Roy H. Gabrielsen, Jean-Pierre Burg, José Ignacio Gil-Ibarguchi, David Corrigan, Stefan Claesson, Ramon Capdevila, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Geological Survey of Canada [Ottawa] (GSC Central & Northern Canada), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie (COFRHIGEO), Centre François Viète : épistémologie, histoire des sciences et des techniques - EA1161 (CFV), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Brest (UBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques ( CRPG ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de la Terre ( ISTerre ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Géosciences Rennes ( GR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie ( COFRHIGEO ), Centre François Viète : épistémologie, histoire des sciences et des techniques, and Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Université de Brest ( UBO )
Subjects: Pangaea, PRÉ-CAMBRIANO, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleozoic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, tectonique des plaques, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, Precambrian, Paleontology, dérive continentale, orogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDU.STU.PE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Wegener, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Précambrien, Geology, Orogeny, orogenèse, lcsh:Geology, Plate tectonics, Tectonics, Continental drift, Palaeozoic belts, Dérive continentale, Tectonique des plaques, Orogenèse, 13. Climate action, plate tectonics, continental drift, Geologist
Abstract: This work is a review of Boris Choubert’s paper (1935), which was published in French under the rather devalorizing title: “Research on the Genesis of Palaeozoic and Precambrian Belts.” Despite its innovative content, this article had no impact either at the time of its publication or even later. It begins with the construction of a remarkable fit of the circum-Atlantic continents. This was based on the −1.000 meters isobath instead of the shoreline. Thirty years before Bullard et al. (1965), it demonstrated in an indisputable way the reality of the continents motion on the surface of the Earth. Therefore, Choubert designated Wegener’s “continental drift” as the main cause of tectonics. Even going beyond Wegener’s theory, he argued that this mechanism was efficient well before the formation of the Triassic Pangæa, during the whole Palaeozoic to result in the building of the Caledonian and Hercynian mountains. Although he was still encumbered by the vocabulary of the time regarding geosynclines, Boris Choubert described tectonics based on the horizontal mobility of the Precambrian continental blocks. Oddly enough, he did not apply this model to the Precambrian structures, which he attributed to the effects of the Earth’s rotation on the continental crust during its solidification. At the time of its publication, this paper was a very important step towards understanding global tectonics. Unfortunately, Choubert’s contemporaries did not generally recognize its significance. Ce travail est une analyse de l’article de Boris Choubert (1935) paru en français sous le titre un peu réducteur: « Recherches sur la genèse des chaînes paléozoïques et antécambriennes. » Malgré son contenu novateur, cet article n’a eu aucun retentissement à l’époque de sa publication, ni même plus tard. Il débute par la construction d’un remarquable assemblage des continents péri-atlantiques fondé sur l’isobathe −1.000 mètres et non pas sur la ligne de rivage. Trente ans avant Bullard et al. (1965), il démontre de façon indiscutable la réalité du déplacement des masses continentales à la surface de la Terre. Dès lors, Choubert privilégie totalement la « dérive des continents » comme moteur de la tectonique. Allant au-delà même de la vision de Wegener, il fait jouer ce mécanisme bien avant la formation de la Pangée triasique, pendant toute la durée de l’ère primaire, au cours de l’érection des chaînes calédonienne et hercynienne. Bien que restant prisonnier du vocabulaire de l’époque sur les géosynclinaux, Boris Choubert décrit une tectonique fondée sur la mobilité des blocs continentaux précambriens. Curieusement, il n’applique pas ce modèle aux déformations précambriennes qu’il attribue aux effets de la rotation de la Terre sur une croûte continentale en voie de solidification. Lors de sa parution, cet article représentait un pas très important vers la compréhension de la tectonique globale et il est regrettable qu’il n’ait pas été mieux reçu par ses contemporains. ISSN:0037-9409 ISSN:1777-5817
Published: 2018
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17. Geographic provenance of aeolian dust in East Antarctica during Pleistocene glaciations: preliminary results from Talos Dome and comparison with East Antarctic and new Andean ice core data

Author: Valter Maggi, Margareta Hansson, J. R. Petit, Per Andersson, Diego M. Gaiero, Massimo Frezzotti, R. J. Delmas, Hans Schöberg, Barbara Delmonte, Delmonte, B., Andersson, P. S., Schoberg, H., Hansson, M., Petit, J. R., Delmas, R., Gaiero, D. M., Maggi, V., Frezzotti, M., Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio (DISAT), Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Laboratory for Isotope Geology, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, CLIPS, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CIGeS, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Swedish Museum of Natural History and was supported by SYNTHESYS funding (project SE-TAF-4807) made available by the European Community - Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 'Structuring the European Research Area' Programme, EPICA, TALDICE, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Delmonte, B, Andersson, P, Schoberg, H, Hansson, M, Petit, J, Delmas, R, Gaiero, D, Maggi, V, and Frezzotti, M
Subjects: Archeology, Provenance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, GEO/04 - GEOGRAFIA FISICA E GEOMORFOLOGIA, DUST, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Paleontology, Ice core, TALOS DOME, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Glacial period, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, EAST ANTARCTICA, Geology, Glacier, PATAGONIA, 13. Climate action, Aeolian processes, antarctica, pleistocene, isotope geochemistry, dust, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, Quaternary, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: The strontium and neodymium isotopic signature of aeolian mineral particles archived in polar ice cores provides constraints on the geographic provenance of dust and paleo-atmospheric circulation patterns. Data from different ice cores drilled in the centre of the East Antarctic plateau such as EPICA-Dome C (EDC, 75°06′S; 123°21′E) and Vostok (78°28′S, 106°48′E) suggested a uniform geographic provenance for dust during Pleistocene glacial ages, likely from southern South America (SSA). In this work the existing dust isotopic data from EDC have been integrated with new data from Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 14 (about 536 ka before 1950AD) and in parallel some first results are shown for the new TALDICE ice core which was drilled on the edge of the East Antarctic Plateau (Talos Dome, 72°48′S, 159°06′E) on the opposite side with respect to SSA. Interestingly, the isotopic composition of TALDICE glacial dust is remarkably similar to that obtained from glacial dust from sites located in the East Antarctic interior. Overall, the glacial dust isotopic field obtained from six East Antarctic ice cores matches well South American data obtained from target areas. In this respect, it was recently suggested that dust exported long-range from South America originates from Patagonia and from the Puna-Altiplano plateau. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the isotopic composition of dust from an ice core drilled on the Illimani glacier (Bolivia, 16°37′S, 67°46′W; 6350 m a.s.l.) in order to obtain information on the isotopic composition of regional mineral aerosol uplifted from the Altiplano area and likely transported over a long distance. Altogether, ice core and source data strongly suggest that the westerly circulation pattern allowed efficient transfer of dust from South America to the East Antarctic plateau under cold Quaternary climates. Isotopic data support the hypothesis of a possible mixing of dust from Patagonia and from the Puna-Altiplano plateau. Interestingly, high glacial dust inputs to Antarctica are characterized by less radiogenic Nd values, an issue suggesting that enhanced dust production in Patagonia was associated with the activation of a secondary source. Still, Patagonia was the most important supplier for dust to central East Antarctica during Quaternary glaciations. Fil: Delmonte, B.. Università degli Studi di Milano; Italia Fil: Andersson, P. S.. Swedish Museum for Natural History. Laboratory for Isotope Geology; Suecia Fil: Schöberg, H.. Swedish Museum for Natural History. Laboratory for Isotope Geology; Suecia Fil: Hansson, M.. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Petit, J. R.. Université Joseph Fourier; Francia Fil: Delmas, R.. Université Joseph Fourier; Francia Fil: Gaiero, Diego Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; Argentina Fil: Maggi, V.. Università degli Studi di Milano; Italia Fil: Frezzotti, M.. Laboratory for Climate Observations; Italia
Published: 2010
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18. Island life - classification, speciation and cryptic species of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae) in New Caledonia

Author: Swenson, Ulf, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry, Porter, Cronholm, Bodil, Nylinder, Stephan, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Chrysophylloideae, Morphology, Speciation, MORPHOLOGIE, Anagenesis, MILIEU INSULAIRE, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, CLASSIFICATION, ARBRE FORESTIER, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, New Caledonia, PHYLOGENIE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Phylogeny
Abstract: International audience; Pycnandra (Sapotaceae), the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia, comprises 66 species classified in six subgenera. We tested phylogenetic relationships and a proposed infrageneric classification by sampling 60 species for sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ETS, ITS, RPB2) and plastid DNA (trnH-psbA) and nine morphological characters. Data were analysed with Bayesian inference, parsimony jackknifing and lineage through time. We recovered a phylogenetic tree supporting the recognition of six proposed subgenera (Achradotypus, Leptostylis, Pycnandra, Sebertia, Trouettia and Wagapensia). Because a subgeneric classification is used, the nomenclature will be stable when the members are transferred to Pycnandra. Morphological traits were optimized in the BEAST analysis, adding evidence to earlier work that morphology has limited value for successfully diagnosing groups in Sapotaceae. We confirm a previously suspected case of cryptic species that exhibit the same morphological features and require the same abiotic conditions, but are distantly related in the phylogenetic tree. We detected two possible new cases of cryptic sibling species that might warrant recognition. A slowdown in speciation rate in several genera has been suggested as evidence that New Caledonia was once submerged after rifting from Australia. Plotting lineages through time reveals two important intervals at 7.5-8.6Ma and present to 1.5Ma, when net molecular diversification within the genus was zero. This indicates that the genus presently has reached a dynamic equilibrium, providing additional evidence that New Caledonia is an old Darwinian island, being submerged during the Eocene and colonized after re-emergence c. 37Ma.
Published: 2015
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19. A First inventory of the echinoderms from Juan de Nova (Iles Eparses, France) in the Mozambique Channel, South Western Indian Ocean

Author: Mulochau, Thierry, Conand, Chantal, Stöhr, Sabine, Eléaume, Marc, Chabanet, Pascale, BIORECIF, Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Univ, Réunion
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Juan de Nova is one of the scattered islands known as Iles Eparses in the Mozambique Channel (Western Indian Ocean). Historically, they have been isolated from many anthropogenic influences which makes them ideal areas to study biodiversity for comparison with areas that are heavily impacted by urbanization and fishing. The programme BioReCie (Biodiversity, Resources and Conservation of Eparses Islands) undertook inventories of several marine groups, including echinoderms, which had hitherto not been assessed in Juan de Nova. A multidisciplinary team surveyed the reef slopes of the island using SCUBA to a depth of 25 m as well as the reef flats at low tide, collecting specimens and taking photos for identification. Sixty echinoderm species were found, with 51 occurring on the reef flats and in the lagoon and 22 on the reef slopes, comprising 21 species of Holothuroidea, 16 Ophiuroidea, 10 Echinoidea, 7 Asteroidea, and 6 Crinoidea. Commercial species of Holothuroidea, some of which are classified as endangered in the IUCN red list, i.e. Thelenota ananas and Holothuria nobilis, were present on the reef flats, reef slopes and in the lagoon of the island, indicating the value that protection has on biodiversity.
Published: 2015

20. Genetic data, reproduction season and reproductive strategy data support the existence of biological species in Ophioderma longicauda

Author: Sabine Stöhr, Alexandra Anh-Thu Weber, Anne Chenuil, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Gene Flow, Male, Species complex, Mitochondrial DNA, Genotype, Lineage (evolution), media_common.quotation_subject, education, Zoology, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Gene flow, Monophyly, Brittle star, Sous-unité I de la cytochrome oxydase, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ophiuroidea, Gonads, Espèces cryptiques, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Phylogeny, media_common, Cytochrome oxidase subunit I, General Immunology and Microbiology, Greece, Reproduction, General Medicine, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Brooding species, biology.organism_classification, Introns, Espèce incubante, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sympatric speciation, Fertilization, Cryptic species, Female, France, Seasons, EPIC, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Echinodermata
Abstract: Cryptic species are numerous in the marine environment. The brittle star Ophioderma longicauda is composed of six mitochondrial lineages, encompassing brooders, which form a monophyletic group, and broadcasters, from which the brooders are derived. To clarify the species limits within O. longicauda, we compared the reproductive status of the sympatric lineages L1 and L3 (defined after sequencing a portion of the mitochondrial gene COI) during the month of May in Greece. In addition, we genotyped a nuclear marker, intron i51. Each L3 female was brooding, whereas all L1 specimens displayed full gonads, suggesting temporal pre-zygotic isolation between brooders and broadcasters. Statistical differences were found among lineages in morphology and bathymetric distribution. Finally, the intron i51 was polymorphic in L1 (60 individuals), but monomorphic in L3 (109 individuals), confirming the absence of gene flow between brooders and broadcasters. In conclusion, the broadcasting lineage L1 and the brooding lineage L3 are different biological species., Les espèces cryptiques sont nombreuses dans l’environnement marin. L’ophiure Ophioderma longicauda est composée de six lignées mitochondriales, comprenant des incubants, qui forment un groupe monophylétique, et des individus à larves, desquels les incubants sont dérivés. Afin de clarifier les limites d’espèces chez O. longicauda, nous avons comparé l’état de reproduction des lignées sympatriques L1 et L3 (définies après séquençage d’une partie du gène mitochondrial COI) durant le mois de mai en Grèce. De plus, nous avons génotypé un marqueur nucléaire, l’intron i51. Chaque femelle L3 était incubante tandis que tous les individus L1 avaient les gonades pleines, suggérant un isolement pré-zygotique temporel entre les incubants et les individus à larves. Des différences statistiques de morphologie et de distribution bathymétrique ont été trouvées entre lignées. Finalement, l’intron i51 était polymorphe chez L1 (60 individus), mais monomorphe chez L3 (109 individus), confirmant l’absence de flux de gènes entre les incubants et dispersants. En conclusion, la lignée à larves L1 et la lignée incubante L3 sont des espèces biologiques différentes.
Published: 2014
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21. Fungal colonization of an Ordovician impact-induced hydrothermal system

Author: Magnus Ivarsson, Erik Sturkell, Mark A. van Zuilen, Jens Ormö, Curt Broman, Sandra Siljeström, Stefan Bengtson, Department of Palaeobiology and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden, Department ofGeological Sciences, StockholmUniversity, Sweden, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, Washington DC 20015, USA, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Box 857, 501 11 Bora° s, Sweden, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University, for the stable isotope analysis and Per Andersson at the Laboratory for Isotope Geology (LIG), Swedish Museum of Natural History, for discussions about isotope geochemistry. Marianne Ahlbom at the Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, is acknowledged for the ESEM/EDS analysis. Funding was provided by theDeep Carbon Observatory (sub award to PI Andrew Steele), the Postdoctoral fellowship program of Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington and the Swedish National Space Board (Contract No. 83/10 and 121/11).
Subjects: Geological Phenomena, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, Microorganism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Biology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Article, Hydrothermal circulation, Fungal colonization, Ecosystem, Colonization, Impact structure, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sweden, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Fossils, Ecology, Ordovician, Fungi, Multidisciplinär geovetenskap, Mikrobiologi, Impact, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Solar System
Abstract: International audience; Impacts are common geologic features on the terrestrial planets throughout the solar system, and on at least Earth and Mars impacts have induced hydrothermal convection. Impact-generated hydrothermal systems have been suggested to possess the same life supporting capability as hydrothermal systems associated with volcanic activity. However, evidence of fossil microbial colonization in impact-generated hydrothermal systems is scarce in the literature. Here we report of fossilized microorganisms in association with cavitygrown hydrothermal minerals from the 458 Ma Lockne impact structure, Sweden. Based on morphological characteristics the fossilized microorganisms are interpreted as fungi. We further infer the kerogenization of the microfossils, and thus the life span of the fungi, to be contemporaneous with the hydrothermal activity and migration of hydrocarbons in the system. Our results from the Lockne impact structure show that hydrothermal systems associated with impact structures can support colonization by microbial life.
Published: 2013
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22. The Echinoderma fauna of Europa, Eparses island (scattered islands) in the Mozambique channel (South Western Indian Ocean)

Author: Conand, C., Stohr, S., Eleaume, M., Magalon, H., Pascale Chabanet, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Écosystémique des communautés récifales et de leurs usages dans le Pacifique insulaire (CoReUS)
Subjects: ESPECE NOUVELLE, AIRE MARINE PROTEGEE, abundance, INVENTAIRE FAUNISTIQUE, INVERTEBRE AQUATIQUE, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, reef slope, ABONDANCE, diversity, RECIF CORALLIEN, occurence, reef flats, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ILE, Echinodermata
Abstract: International audience; Europa is one of the Eparses Islands, French islands scattered in the Mozambique Channel. They are isolated islands of coral origin, without permanent human population. This situation makes them good candidates to evaluate the evolution of biodiversity without direct anthropogenic influences. Knowledge is still scarce because their accessibility is limited. With the idea of classifying them as Marine Protected Areas, a management plan is required based on the coral reef communities. Among several aims, the program BioReCIE (Biodiversity, Resources and Conservation of Eparses Islands) was to complete the inventories of several marine groups, including the echinoderms, which had never been assessed before. In November 2011, a multidisciplinary team explored the reef slopes of the island by scuba diving down to 20 meters (10 sites), and the reef flats at low tide (14 sites, including the lagoon surrounded by mangrove), collecting and taking photos of the organisms which have been preserved in 95% ethanol and identified. The total species richness for echinoderms was 39 including 4 Crinoidea, 8 Echinoidea, 5 Asteroidea, with Aquilonastra chantalae a new species, 13 Ophiuroidea and 9 Holothuroidea. Twenty three species were collected on the slopes and 21 on the reef flats. Given the limited number of sites studied, the occurrence of the different species in each class is presented as frequent, infrequent or rare. The semi quantitative measure of abundance identified populations with high densities, as Stichopus chloronotus, Ophiocoma scolopendrina and Echinometra mathaei on the reef flats. Several species were only collected as juveniles. On the slopes Echinostrephus molaris, Ophiothela danae and diadematids were frequent, but with lower densities. On the whole the echinoderm fauna is not very diverse, nor abundant, except on the reef flats; the presence of holothurians near the lagoon entrance, in a mangrove habitat is notable.
Published: 2013

23. Miocene Ethiopian amber: A new source of fossil cryptogams

Author: Ulla Kaasalainen, Valentine Bouju, Bo Wang, Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp, William R. Buck, Lars Hedenäs, Alexander R. Schmidt, Kathrin Feldberg, Vincent Perrichot, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), The New York Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Tellus-INTERRVIE program of the CNRS INSU (project AMBRAFRICA), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA19050101), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41688103), EGAAL doctoral school of University of Rennes, German Research Foundation (project 428174246 and project 408295270), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: biology, Frullania, royalty.order_of_chivalry, royalty, Porellales, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Moss, Hypnales, Dominican amber, Paleontology, Geography, Genus, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Lichen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Lejeuneaceae
Abstract: International audience; Amber is renowned for the exceptional preservation state of its inclusions, allowing detailed morphological analysis and providing relevant environmental, palaeoecological, geographical, and geological information. Amber deposits predominantly known from North America, Europe, and Asia, are considered to be rare on the continents that formed Gondwana. The recent discovery of fossiliferous amber deposits in Ethiopia therefore provides an inimitable opportunity to close gaps in the fossil record of African terrestrial biota, and to study organisms otherwise rare in the fossil record. Here we show that diverse cryptogams are preserved in highest fidelity in Miocene Ethiopian amber. We describe gametophyte fragments of four liverworts: Thysananthus aethiopicus sp. nov. (Porellales, Lejeuneaceae), Lejeunea abyssinicoides sp. nov. (Porellales, Lejeuneaceae), Frullania shewanensis sp. nov. (Porellales, Frullaniaceae), and Frullania palaeoafricana sp. nov. (Porellales, Frullaniaceae). Furthermore, we describe a pleurocarpous moss of the extant genus Isopterygium (Hypnales, Pylaisiadelphaceae) and a lichen representing the order Lecanorales. These new specimens represent the first amber fossils of liverworts, mosses, and lichens from the African continent and render Ethiopian amber one of the few worldwide amber deposits preserving bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) or lichens. Fossil species of Thysananthus were recorded in Eocene Baltic and Oligocene Bitterfeld as well as Miocene Dominican and probably also Miocene Mexican ambers. Fossils which can unequivocally be assigned to Lejeunea have only been found in Dominican amber, so far. Neotropical ambers contain only one taxon of Frullania to date, while the genus is most diverse in Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Rovno ambers, formed in temperate regions. The new fossils support a tropical to subtropical origin of Ethiopian amber. The new African liverwort fossils are included in an updated list of leafy liverworts described from worldwide Cenozoic ambers to date.
Published: 2021
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24. Are morphological characteristics of Parrotia (Hamamelidaceae) pollen species diagnostic?

Author: Benjamin Adroit, Friðgeir Grímsson, Jean-Pierre Suc, Gilles Escarguel, Reinhard Zetter, Johannes M. Bouchal, Séverine Fauquette, Xin Zhuang, Morteza Djamali, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 6 - Paléontologie, Paléoécologie, Paléobiogéographie, Évolution (P3E), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)
Subjects: 4112 Forestry, Pollen morphology, Hyrcanian forest, Paleontology, Refugia, Eastern China forest, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 11831 Plant biology, Relict plant species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Tertiary
Abstract: Parrotia persica is one of the most notable endemic relict tree species growing in the Hyrcanian forest at the southern Caspian Sea. The recent discovery of sibling species Parrotia subaequalis, occurring in the temperate for-ests of south-eastern China, offers the opportunity to compare their morphology and ecological preferences and to dig deeper into the paleophytogeographic history of the genus from a perspective. Since pollen morphology of these species would be essential to unravel the origin and evolution of these Arcto-Tertiary species, the present study aimed to investigate whether it is possible to segregate pollen from these two species. Therefore, a detailed combined light-and scanning electron microscopy-based pollen-analysis of each taxon was conducted, the pol-len was described, measured, and compared using statistical approaches and principal component analyses to es-tablish unbiased results. The correlation-based principal component analysis achieved for each species shows an overall good superposition of pollen grains measured in equatorial and polar views in the first principal plane, revealing that the P. persica pollen is morphometrically as homogeneous as that of P. subaequalis. Then, the sig-nificant difference, mainly driven by lumen density, has been highlighted between the two species. Ultimately, the cross-validation of the resulting two-species linear discriminants classifier shows that based upon this refer-ence dataset, (sub)fossil pollen grain can now be confidently assigned to either of the two species with an 85.8% correct-assignment rate. This opens new doors in the affiliation of fossil Parrotia pollen and suggests that previous pollen records need to be revised.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Published: 2022
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25. Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs

Author: Anders Bergström, David W. G. Stanton, Ulrike H. Taron, Laurent Frantz, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Erik Ersmark, Saskia Pfrengle, Molly Cassatt-Johnstone, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Linus Girdland-Flink, Daniel M. Fernandes, Morgane Ollivier, Leo Speidel, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Michael V. Westbury, Jazmin Ramos-Madrigal, Tatiana R. Feuerborn, Ella Reiter, Joscha Gretzinger, Susanne C. Münzel, Pooja Swali, Nicholas J. Conard, Christian Carøe, James Haile, Anna Linderholm, Semyon Androsov, Ian Barnes, Chris Baumann, Norbert Benecke, Hervé Bocherens, Selina Brace, Ruth F. Carden, Dorothée G. Drucker, Sergey Fedorov, Mihály Gasparik, Mietje Germonpré, Semyon Grigoriev, Pam Groves, Stefan T. Hertwig, Varvara V. Ivanova, Luc Janssens, Richard P. Jennings, Aleksei K. Kasparov, Irina V. Kirillova, Islam Kurmaniyazov, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Martina Lázničková-Galetová, Charlotte Leduc, Pavel Nikolskiy, Marc Nussbaumer, Cóilín O’Drisceoil, Ludovic Orlando, Alan Outram, Elena Y. Pavlova, Angela R. Perri, Małgorzata Pilot, Vladimir V. Pitulko, Valerii V. Plotnikov, Albert V. Protopopov, André Rehazek, Mikhail Sablin, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Jan Storå, Christian Verjux, Victor F. Zaibert, Grant Zazula, Philippe Crombé, Anders J. Hansen, Eske Willerslev, Jennifer A. Leonard, Anders Götherström, Ron Pinhasi, Verena J. Schuenemann, Michael Hofreiter, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Beth Shapiro, Greger Larson, Johannes Krause, Love Dalén, Pontus Skoglund, Bergström, Anders [0000-0002-4096-9268], Frantz, Laurent [0000-0001-8030-3885], Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S [0000-0003-1371-219X], Lebrasseur, Ophélie [0000-0003-0687-8538], Fernandes, Daniel M [0000-0002-7434-6552], Ollivier, Morgane [0000-0002-8361-4221], Westbury, Michael V [0000-0003-0478-3930], Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin [0000-0002-1661-7991], Feuerborn, Tatiana R [0000-0003-1610-3402], Conard, Nicholas J [0000-0002-4633-0385], Haile, James [0000-0002-8521-8337], Linderholm, Anna [0000-0002-1613-9926], Barnes, Ian [0000-0001-8322-6918], Baumann, Chris [0000-0002-1001-8621], Bocherens, Hervé [0000-0002-0494-0126], Brace, Selina [0000-0003-2126-6732], Drucker, Dorothée G [0000-0003-0854-4371], Germonpré, Mietje [0000-0001-8865-0937], Jennings, Richard P [0000-0001-9996-7518], Kuzmin, Yaroslav V [0000-0002-4512-2269], Orlando, Ludovic [0000-0003-3936-1850], Outram, Alan [0000-0003-3360-089X], Perri, Angela R [0000-0002-4349-1060], Plotnikov, Valerii V [0000-0002-4870-3499], Sablin, Mikhail [0000-0002-2773-7454], Crombé, Philippe [0000-0002-4198-8057], Hansen, Anders J [0000-0002-1890-2702], Willerslev, Eske [0000-0002-7081-6748], Leonard, Jennifer A [0000-0003-0291-7819], Pinhasi, Ron [0000-0003-1629-8131], Shapiro, Beth [0000-0002-2733-7776], Larson, Greger [0000-0002-4092-0392], Krause, Johannes [0000-0001-9144-3920], Dalén, Love [0000-0001-8270-7613], Skoglund, Pontus [0000-0002-3021-5913], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, The Francis Crick Institute [London], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Trinity College Dublin, University of Greenland, University of Tübingen, University of Oxford, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Texas A&M University System, Stockholm University, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), German Archaeological Institute (DAI), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), North-Eastern Federal University, School of Archaeology, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Vienna [Vienna], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], This work was supported by grants to P. Skoglund from the European Research Council (grant no. 852558), the Erik Philip Sörensen Foundation and the Science for Life Laboratory, Swedish Biodiversity Program, made available by support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. A.B., L.S., P. Swali and P. Skoglund were supported by Francis Crick Institute core funding (FC001595) from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust. P. Skoglund was also supported by the Vallee Foundation, the European Molecular Biology Organisation and the Wellcome Trust (217223/Z/19/Z). Computations were supported by SNIC-UPPMAX. We also acknowledge support from Science for Life Laboratory, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the National Genomics Infrastructure funded by the Swedish Research Council and the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. We thank the Yukon gold mining community and First Nations, including the Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in, for continued support of our palaeontology research in the Yukon Territories, Canada. We thank the Danish National High-Throughput Sequencing Centre and BGI-Europe for assistance in sequencing data generation and the Danish National Supercomputer for Life Sciences–Computerome (https://computerome.dtu.dk) for computational resources. We thank National Museum Wales for continued sampling support. M. Germonpré acknowledges support from the Brain.be 2.0 ICHIE project (BELSPO B2/191/P2/ICHIE). M.T.P.G. was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 681396). M.-H.S.S. was supported by the Velux Foundations through the Qimmeq Project, the Aage og Johanne Louis-Hansens Fond and the Independent Research Fund Denmark (8028-00005B). L.D. acknowledges support from FORMAS (2018-01640). D.W.G.S. received funding for this project from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 796877. M.P. was supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange–NAWA (grant no. PPN/PPO/2018/1/00037). V.J.S. was supported by the University of Zurich’s University Research Priority Program ‘Evolution in Action: From Genomes to Ecosystems’. This research was done with the participation of ZIN RAS (grant no. 075-15-2021-1069). We are grateful to the museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS (Ekaterinburg, Russia) for provision of samples. R.P.J. and C.O’D. were supported by the Standing Committee for Archaeology of the Royal Irish Academy through the Archaeological Excavation Research Grant Scheme. E.Y.P., P.N. and V.V.P. are supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-18-10265-RNF and 21-18-00457-RNF). Y.V.K. was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 20-17-00033). M.H. was supported by the European Research Council (consolidator grant GeneFlow no. 310763). M.L.-G. was supported by the Czech Science Foundation GAČR (grant no. 15-06446S) and institutional financing of the Moravian Museum from the Czech Ministry of Culture (IP DKRVO 2019-2023, MK000094862). L.S. is supported by the Sir Henry Wellcome fellowship (220457/Z/20/Z). We thank Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart for sample access. L.F. and G.L. were supported by European Research Council grants (ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD and ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM) and Natural Environmental Research Council grants (NE/K005243/1, NE/K003259/1, NE/S007067/1 and NE/S00078X/1). L.F. was also supported by the Wellcome Trust (210119/Z/18/Z). This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust (FC001595). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission., Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Geography, and Faculty of Science
Subjects: History, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 631/158/2464, CANIS LUPUS, ANIMAL EXPERIMENT, Domestication, Ecology,Evolution & Ethology, MIDDLE EAST, DOG, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, CANID, WOLF, Multidisciplinary, Genome, ORIGIN, article, 45/77, Genomics, CC, ADMIXTURE, CONTAMINATION, Europe, GENOME, EXTINCTION, DOGS, COMPLETE MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME, Genetics & Genomics, NATURAL SELECTION, 1171 Geosciences, AFRICA, EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA, GENETICS, SIBERIA, General Science & Technology, PHYLOGENY, PLEISTOCENE, LIBRARY PREPARATION, 45/23, Infectious Disease, ANCESTRY, SEQUENCE, EURASIA, Ancient, TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, 631/181/27, Middle East, QH301, Dogs, UPPER PLEISTOCENE, Genetic, EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, WOLVES, GENE MUTATION, ANCIENT DNA, Animals, NONHUMAN, 631/181/457, DNA, Ancient, Selection, Genetic, ARTICLE, Selection, QH426, QL, Wolves, History and Archaeology, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, ANIMALS, Biology and Life Sciences, DNA, ANIMAL, GENE, Siberia, CONTROLLED STUDY, DOMESTICATION, 631/181/2474, Africa, Mutation, North America, 570 Life sciences, biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, GENOMICS
Abstract: The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived1–8. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located. © 2022, The Author(s). 8028-00005B; IP DKRVO 2019-2023, MK000094862; 220457/Z/20/Z, ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD, ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM; 075-15-2021-1069; European Molecular Biology Organization, EMBO: 217223/Z/19/Z; Vallee Foundation; Velux Fonden; Wellcome Trust, WT; Francis Crick Institute, FCI: FC001595; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 796877; Medical Research Council, MRC; Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: 210119/Z/18/Z, NE/K003259/1, NE/K005243/1, NE/S00078X/1, NE/S007067/1; Cancer Research UK, CRUK; European Research Council, ERC: 852558; Grantová Agentura České Republiky, GA ČR: 15-06446S; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas: 2018-01640; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Vetenskapsrådet, VR: 681396, BELSPO B2/191/P2/ICHIE; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 16-18-10265-RNF, 20-17-00033, 21-18-00457-RNF, 310763; Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA: PPN/PPO/2018/1/00037 This work was supported by grants to P. Skoglund from the European Research Council (grant no. 852558), the Erik Philip Sörensen Foundation and the Science for Life Laboratory, Swedish Biodiversity Program, made available by support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. A.B., L.S., P. Swali and P. Skoglund were supported by Francis Crick Institute core funding (FC001595) from Cancer Research UK, the UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust. P. Skoglund was also supported by the Vallee Foundation, the European Molecular Biology Organisation and the Wellcome Trust (217223/Z/19/Z). Computations were supported by SNIC-UPPMAX. We also acknowledge support from Science for Life Laboratory, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the National Genomics Infrastructure funded by the Swedish Research Council and the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. We thank the Yukon gold mining community and First Nations, including the Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in, for continued support of our palaeontology research in the Yukon Territories, Canada. We thank the Danish National High-Throughput Sequencing Centre and BGI-Europe for assistance in sequencing data generation and the Danish National Supercomputer for Life Sciences–Computerome ( https://computerome.dtu.dk ) for computational resources. We thank National Museum Wales for continued sampling support. M. Germonpré acknowledges support from the Brain.be 2.0 ICHIE project (BELSPO B2/191/P2/ICHIE). M.T.P.G. was supported by the European Research Council (grant no. 681396). M.-H.S.S. was supported by the Velux Foundations through the Qimmeq Project, the Aage og Johanne Louis-Hansens Fond and the Independent Research Fund Denmark (8028-00005B). L.D. acknowledges support from FORMAS (2018-01640). D.W.G.S. received funding for this project from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 796877. M.P. was supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange–NAWA (grant no. PPN/PPO/2018/1/00037). V.J.S. was supported by the University of Zurich’s University Research Priority Program ‘Evolution in Action: From Genomes to Ecosystems’. This research was done with the participation of ZIN RAS (grant no. 075-15-2021-1069). We are grateful to the museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS (Ekaterinburg, Russia) for provision of samples. R.P.J. and C.O’D. were supported by the Standing Committee for Archaeology of the Royal Irish Academy through the Archaeological Excavation Research Grant Scheme. E.Y.P., P.N. and V.V.P. are supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-18-10265-RNF and 21-18-00457-RNF). Y.V.K. was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 20-17-00033). M.H. was supported by the European Research Council (consolidator grant GeneFlow no. 310763). M.L.-G. was supported by the Czech Science Foundation GAČR (grant no. 15-06446S) and institutional financing of the Moravian Museum from the Czech Ministry of Culture (IP DKRVO 2019-2023, MK000094862). L.S. is supported by the Sir Henry Wellcome fellowship (220457/Z/20/Z). We thank Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart for sample access. L.F. and G.L. were supported by European Research Council grants (ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD and ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM) and Natural Environmental Research Council grants (NE/K005243/1, NE/K003259/1, NE/S007067/1 and NE/S00078X/1). L.F. was also supported by the Wellcome Trust (210119/Z/18/Z). This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust (FC001595). For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright licence to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission.
Published: 2022
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26. Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Achradotypus (Sapotaceae), with five new species from New Caledonia

Author: Jérôme Munzinger, Ulf Swenson, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pycnandra subgenus Achradotypus, Chrysophylloideae, Revision, Endangered species, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 03 medical and health sciences, Critically endangered, Genus, Botany, IUCN Red List, 14. Life underwater, Niemeyera, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, 0303 health sciences, Sapotaceae, biology, Pycnandra, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Subgenus, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: A-10-24; International audience; Pycnandra is a genus of Sapotaceae (Chrysophylloideae), restricted to New Caledonia, and includes ~60 species. The genus is a member of the monophyletic Niemeyera complex of Australia and New Caledonia and it is characterised by the lack of staminodes and a fruit containing a single seed, plano-convex cotyledons and absence of endosperm. In New Caledonia, several segregate genera have been recognised, but weak cladistic support for these groups and homoplasious morphology renders a narrow generic concept untenable. Instead, a broad generic circumscription of Pycnandra with an infrageneric classification recognising the subgenera Achradotypus, Leptostylis, Pycnandra, Sebertia and Trouettia results in a stable nomenclature. Here we revise Pycnandra subg. Achradotypus that includes 14 species, of which five (P. belepensis, P. blaffartii, P. bracteolata, P. glabella, and P. ouaiemensis) are described as new. Members of subg. Achradotypus are distinguished from other subgenera on the basis of a character combination of two stamens opposite each corolla lobe (except P. litseiflora), glabrous leaves (except P. belepensis and P. decandra), a distinctive reticulate tertiary leaf venation (except P. comptonii), and sepal-like bracts that often are borne along the pedicel. All species are restricted to Grande Terre except for P. decandra, whose distribution also extends to nearby Art Island (Belep Islands), and P. belepensis, which is endemic to that same island. The members grow in a wide range of vegetation types from dry maquis to humid forest, from sea level to the highest mountain massif, and on ultramafic soils to schist and greywacke (not limestone). Because of past and present threats such as mining, logging and fire, preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are provided for all species. Five taxa (P. chartacea, P. decandra subsp. decandra, P. glabella, P. litseiflora, and P. neocaledonica) are proposed the IUCN status Endangered, and P. belepensis and P. ouaiemensis are proposed to be Critically Endangered. We suggest that some locations where these species occur should be given protection in the form of nature reserves
Published: 2010
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27. Potential cryptic speciation in Mediterranean populations of Ophioderma (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Author: Sabine Stöhr, Emilie Boissin, Anne Chenuil, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beaussier, Catherine, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Ophioderma, Ontogeny, Ophioderma longicauda, [SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, Mediterranean sea, Phylogenetics, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Brood, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology)
Abstract: International audience; Ophioderma longicauda is a large brittlestar species, common in the Mediterranean Sea and spread across the subtropical-tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean. Recently, a morphologically similar brooding form of O. longicauda was discovered in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The brooding period is restricted to late May and early June and the largest females brood over 1,000 juveniles, all of the same ontogenetic stage. Brooders differ from non-brooding O. longicauda in body colour (dominated by green instead of red), gonad colour (in alcohol white instead of olive- to reddish-brown) and size (up to 17 mm disk diameter instead of 30 mm). These characters overlap between both forms though. Molecular data (mt-COI sequences) lend weak support to the existence of two separate species, but suggest that if a split occurred it is recent and both forms interbreed. Alternatively, the eastern Mediterranean populations could represent a poecilogonous subgroup of O. longicauda.
Published: 2009

28. Nd–Sr–Hf–O isotope provinciality in the northernmost Arabian–Nubian Shield: implications for crustal evolution

Author: Yaron Be'eri-Shlevin, Yaron Katzir, Janne Blichert-Toft, Ilka C. Kleinhanns, Martin J. Whitehouse, Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratory for Isotope Geology, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Isotope Geology, Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], DAAD : A/05/06051, Synthesys : SE-TAF 2722, INSU : Institut des Sciences de l'Univers, Research council of Denmark, Research council of Norway, Research council of Sweden : Research council of Finland, Swedish Museum of Natural History, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: Zircon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Geochemistry, Silicic, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Mineral Resources, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Shield, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope, Crust, Arabian-Nubian Shield, Igneous rock, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Nd-Sr-Hf-O, Magma-sources, Nd–Sr–Hf–O, Arabian–Nubian Shield
Abstract: International audience; Multi-isotope study including whole-rock Nd-Sr, single zircon Hf, and SIMS delta(18)O analyses of zircons sheds light on magma sources in the northernmost Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) during similar to 820-570 Ma. Reconnaissance initial Nd and Sr isotope data for the older rocks (similar to 820-740 Ma) reaffirms previous estimates that early crustal evolution in this part of the shield involved some crustal contamination by pre-ANS material. Prominent isotope provinciality is displayed by post-collisional calc-alkaline and alkaline igneous rocks of similar to 635-570 Ma across a NW-SE transect across basement of the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) and southern Israel. Silicic rocks of the NW-region are characterized by lower epsilon Nd(T)-epsilon Hf(T) and higher Sr(i) and delta(18)O compared with rocks of the SE-region, and the transition between the regions is gradual. Within each region isotope ratios are independent of the extent of magma fractionation, and zircon cores and rims yield similar delta(18)O values. Comparison with southern segments of the ANS shows that the source for most similar to 635-570 Ma rocks can be modeled as the isotopically aged lower-intermediate crust in the ANS core (SE-region) and its northern, more contaminated ANS margins (NW-region). Nevertheless, Nd-Sr isotope enrichment of the lithospheric mantle is indicated by some basic magmas of the NW-region displaying the most enriched Nd-Sr isotope compositions. Comparison of Nd and Hf depleted mantle model ages for rocks of the SE-region may indicate that crustal formation events in the ANS geographical core took place at 1.1-1.2 Ga and were followed by crustal differentiation starting at similar to 0.9 Ga.
Published: 2009
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29. Three new species of Planchonella Pierre (Sapotaceae) with a dichotomous and an online key to the genus in New Caledonia

Author: Jérôme Munzinger, Ulf Swenson, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: ESPECE NOUVELLE, 0106 biological sciences, Nouvelle caledonie, Chrysophylloideae, Adansonia, Plant Science, PLANTE, DESCRIPTION, TAXONOMIE, CLE DE DETERMINATION, SDE:BE:BIOS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular taxonomy, Magnoliopsida, New Caledonia, [SDE.BE.BIOS]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.bios, Genus, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, IUCN status, Plantae, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Xper2, Sapotaceae, Planchonella, New species, Taxonomy, new species, Vegetal Biology, biology, Ecology, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Tracheophyta, Key (lock), Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany, Ericales
Abstract: A-09-32; International audience; In spite of a recent publication of eight new species of Planchonella (Sapotaceae) from New Caledonia, three additional novelties are here described and illustrated (P. caulifl ora, P. ericifl ora, and P. minutifl ora). Planchonella caulifl ora was discovered in 2006 near La Foa and is the fi rst and sole member in the archipelago with a caulifl orous infl orescence, a genus otherwise having axillary flowers (rarely ramifl orous). Th e other two were discovered among herbarium material but not earlier identifi ed as new. A recent suggested hypothesis (Swenson et al. 2007b) that fruit morphology indicates phylogenetic relationships within Planchonella is supported. A ridged fruit with acuminate apices and a short style place P. caulifl ora in their Clade D1, a clade confined to New Caledonia. Fruits of P. minutifl ora are unknown, but based on ITS sequence data it belongs to the same clade as P. cauliflora and it is predicted that the fruit is similar. Molecular sequences of P. ericifl ora are still missing, but based on a pear-shaped fruit, round apices and a fairly long style, we believe it is closely related to a diff erent clade of Planchonella that is also restricted to New Caledonia. All three species have very narrow distributions and match the criteria of the IUCN red list as Critically Endangered. Planchonella contains henceforth 36 species in New Caledonia to which we here provide a diagnostic and an interactive online key under Xper2, available at ftp://ftp.ird.nc/pub/outgoing/biologie/herbier-nou/.
Published: 2009
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30. Population structure and systematics of Opsariichthys bidens (Osteichthyes : Cyprinidae) in south-east China using a new nuclear marker: the introns (EPIC-PCR)

Author: Berrebi, Patrick, Rétif, X., Fang, F., Zhang, C.-G., Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Research Center of Animal Evolution and Systematics, Institute of Zoology, and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)
Subjects: China, [SDE.BE.GP]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.gp, introns, Opsariichthys, phylogeography, fish farming
Abstract: International audience; Chinese fish farming is the oldest aquaculture in the word. The present pressure on the wild ichthyofauna and its diversity is threatening aquaculture because potential genitors are often caught in the wild. One of the possible responses to this threat is to provide new natural fish taxa for aquaculture. The objective of this study was to analyse the genetic structure of populations of Opsariichthys bidens and to describe its subdivisions, if any, using nuclear markers, to serve as a guideline for stock selection and management in the potential aquaculture of this species. In 2002 and 2003, two collecting trips were made, one in the middle Chang Jiang basin in Hunan Province, and another in the Xi Jiang basin in Guangxi Province, China. Length polymorphisms of the intron amplification (EPIC-PCR) were analysed on 24 systems, only five of which gave easily interpretable and polymorphic patterns, corresponding to 11 presumptive loci. According to the multidimensional statistics, the genetic analysis demonstrated the existence of four clearly independent geographical taxa included in O. bidens, characterized by unambiguous diagnostic intron loci. The distribution of these taxa confirms a similarity between both catchment populations: the middle Chang Jiang and the Xi Jiang samples of the Zhu Jiang basin. An additional output of the study was the choice of the population of each group to be first tested in Chinese fish farms. (c) 2006 The Linnean Society of London.
Published: 2006
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31. Ancient and historical DNA in conservation policy

Author: Evelyn L. Jensen, David Díez-del-Molino, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Laura D. Bertola, Filipa Borges, Vlatka Cubric-Curik, Miguel de Navascués, Peter Frandsen, Myriam Heuertz, Christina Hvilsom, Belén Jiménez-Mena, Antti Miettinen, Markus Moest, Patrícia Pečnerová, Ian Barnes, Cristiano Vernesi, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Evolution, Conservation, and Genomics, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Centre for Palaeogenetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), University of Exeter, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Zagreb, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Copenhagen Zoo, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), and Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM)
Subjects: Conservation of Natural Resources, Evolutionary Biology, Genetic-variation, population genomics, BIODIVERSITE, ADN, Biodiversity, DNA, genetic diversity, Evolutionsbiologi, Policy, Settore BIO/05 - ZOOLOGIA, conservation genetics, biodiversity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, human activities, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Genetic diversity within species and populations is necessary for long-term survival and thus constitutes a key component of preserving biodiversity, but until now, it has rarely been integrated into conservation policies. Ancient and historical genetic data [ancient/historical DNA (a/hDNA)], such as those from specimens stored in natural history collections, can add a temporal dimension to conservation genetic inferences by providing baseline levels of diversity that contemporary data can be compared with and help guide conservation actions. To increase the use and impact of a/hDNA research in preserving biodiversity, genetic indicators must be explicitly included in conservation policies, the benefits and limitations of using a/hDNA need to be clearly communicated to all conservation actors, and relationships between academics, museums, conservation practitioners, and policy makers must be strengthened.
Published: 2022
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32. Intron polymorphism (EPIC-PCR) reveals phylogeographic structure of Zacco platypus in China: a possible target for aquaculture development

Author: F Fang, Ghislaine Cattaneo-Berrebi, Patrick Berrebi, Emilie Boissin, Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, and Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, China, introns, Cyprinidae, Aquaculture, phylogeography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, biology.animal, Tributary, Genetics, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Genetics (clinical), Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, fish, 0303 health sciences, geography, Analysis of Variance, geography.geographical_feature_category, Polymorphism, Genetic, biology, Geography, Ecology, Zacco platypus, Zacco, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Phylogeography, Genetics, Population, [SDE.BE.GP]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.gp, Platypus, farm
Abstract: International audience; The present study aims at a phylogeographic description of Zacco platypus from southeast China, in order to detect subdivisions within the nominal species. Two main basins were sampled: the Chang Jiang (Yangstze River) in central and east China (Hunan and Sichuan provinces) and the Xi Jiang, the more southern main tributary of the Zhu Jiang (Pearl River, Guangxi province). A total of 27 intron systems were tested, five of them were informative and gave 12 interpretable and polymorphic loci. Within the diversity of Z. platypus, four genetic groups were identified by multidimensional (FCA) analyses, corresponding to distinct genetic pools. The geographical distribution of the genetic groups corresponds neither with the drainage structure, nor the geographic distances between samples. It follows that isolation by distance and limited migration are insufficient to explain this geographic structure. The history of the river network therefore appears to have played an important role.
Published: 2005
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33. Temperature synchronizes temporal variation in laying dates across European hole-nesting passerines

Author: Stefan J. G. Vriend, Vidar Grøtan, Marlène Gamelon, Frank Adriaensen, Markus P. Ahola, Elena Álvarez, Liam D. Bailey, Emilio Barba, Jean‐Charles Bouvier, Malcolm D. Burgess, Andrey Bushuev, Carlos Camacho, David Canal, Anne Charmantier, Ella F. Cole, Camillo Cusimano, Blandine F. Doligez, Szymon M. Drobniak, Anna Dubiec, Marcel Eens, Tapio Eeva, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Peter N. Ferns, Anne E. Goodenough, Ian R. Hartley, Shelley A. Hinsley, Elena Ivankina, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Bart Kempenaers, Anvar B. Kerimov, John Atle Kålås, Claire Lavigne, Agu Leivits, Mark C. Mainwaring, Jesús Martínez‐Padilla, Erik Matthysen, Kees van Oers, Markku Orell, Rianne Pinxten, Tone Kristin Reiertsen, Seppo Rytkönen, Juan Carlos Senar, Ben C. Sheldon, Alberto Sorace, János Török, Emma Vatka, Marcel E. Visser, Bernt‐Erik Sæther, Animal Ecology (AnE), Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Universitad Politecnica de Valencia, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Bedfordshire, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Oxford [Oxford], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, University of Turku, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Polar Institute, Centre for Conservation Biology, University of Gloucestershire (Cheltenham, GB), Lancaster University, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre de Recherche en Informatique de Paris 1 (CRI), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania., Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva (ICBiBE), Universitat de València (UV), University of Exeter, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Oxford, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Biology (Ethology), Cardiff University, University of Gloucestershire [Gloucester], Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, University of Montana, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, and SROPU
Subjects: Ekologi, clutch size, Evolutionary Biology, comparative analysis, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], weather, passerines, timing of breeding, phenology, Ecology and Environment, Evolutionsbiologi, spatial synchrony, Chemistry, fledgling number, birds, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, clutch, fitness-related traits, Biology, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Identifying the environmental drivers of variation in fitness-related traits is a central objective in ecology and evolutionary biology. Temporal fluctuations of these environmental drivers are often synchronized at large spatial scales. Yet, whether synchronous environmental conditions can generate spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values (i.e., correlated temporal trait fluctuations across populations) is poorly understood. Using data from long-term monitored populations of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, n = 31), great tits (Parus major, n = 35), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca, n = 20) across Europe, we assessed the influence of two local climatic variables (mean temperature and mean precipitation in February–May) on spatial synchrony in three fitness-related traits: laying date, clutch size, and fledgling number. We found a high degree of spatial synchrony in laying date but a lower degree in clutch size and fledgling number for each species. Temperature strongly influenced spatial synchrony in laying date for resident blue tits and great tits but not for migratory pied flycatchers. This is a relevant finding in the context of environmental impacts on populations because spatial synchrony in fitness-related trait values among populations may influence fluctuations in vital rates or population abundances. If environmentally induced spatial synchrony in fitness-related traits increases the spatial synchrony in vital rates or population abundances, this will ultimately increase the risk of extinction for populations and species. Assessing how environmental conditions influence spatiotemporal variation in trait values improves our mechanistic understanding of environmental impacts on populations. birds, climate, clutch size, comparative analysis, fitness-related traits, fledgling number, phenology, spatial synchrony, timing of breeding, weather
Published: 2022
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34. Morphological variation in hybrids between Salmo marmoratus, and alien Salmo species in the Volarja stream, Soca River basin, Slovenia

Author: Patrick Berrebi, J.-F. Rubin, Alain J. Crivelli, B. Delling, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Institut d'Ecologie, Lausanne University, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Laboratoire Genome Population & Interactions, and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-ORSTOM-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population, Drainage basin, introgression, Zoology, Introgression, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Salmo marmoratus, 14. Life underwater, Salmo, education, hybridization, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Salmonidae, Panmixia, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, morphometrics, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Trout, [SDE.BE.GP]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.gp, Meristics, allozymes
Abstract: International audience; There were significant correlations between colour pattern, LDH-5*, genotype and certain meristic characters in 59 hybrid trout Salmo, sp. from the Volarja stream, Soca River basin, Slovenia. It is concluded that panmixia between native Salmo marmoratus, and introduced S. trutta, of Atlantic, Danubian and Mediterranean origin had not been reached in this zone, despite the long period of introgression. The result is in agreement with other studies dealing with introgression in Salmo, and for management purposes certain morphological characters, especially colour pattern, can be a valuable tool in restoring the marble trout population in the Soca River.
Published: 2000
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35. Activity standardization of two enriched 40K solutions for the determination of decay scheme parameters and the half-life

Author: Karsten Kossert, Yuri Amelin, Dirk Arnold, Renaud Merle, Xavier Mougeot, Michael Schmiedel, Daniel Zapata-García, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Braunschweig] (PTB), Australian National University (ANU), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Uppsala University, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP140101116
Subjects: 40K, Radiation, Decay data measurement, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], spectrometry, TDCR, metrology, CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing, radioactivity, activity standardization, beta-rays, branching ratio, ionizing radiation, liquid scintillation counting, gamma spectrometry
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we describe experiments on two enriched 40K solutions to accurately determine decay data. The first solution was measured in 2004/2005 by means of a gamma-ray spectrometer with low background and a liquid scintillation (LS) counter to apply the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method. A combination of results yields an emission probability of the 1461 keV gamma-rays of Pg=0.1030(11) which is lower than current results of data evaluations.The activity concentration of the second solution was also determined by means of LS counting, but here, the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method as well as the TDCR method were applied. Again, the result was combined with that of independent gamma-ray spectrometry and the gamma-ray emission probability was found to be Pg=0.1029(9) in good agreement with the result obtained from the first solution. A combination of both experiments yields Pg=0.1029(9). The spectra of a TriCarb LS counter were carefully analyzed and a beta minus emission probability Pb- =0.8954(14) was determined. The new results for Pg and Pb- indicate that the overall probability of the decay via electron capture in recent data evaluations is overestimated.The LS counting efficiencies were computed with a stochastic model and up-to-date calculations of the beta spectrum and fractional electron-capture probabilities were used. The final activity result of the second solution is combined with the outcome of a comprehensive isotopic analysis to determine the half-life of 40K which is found to be 1.2536(27) 10^9 years.
Published: 2022
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36. The preliminary analysis of cave lion Cubs Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) from the Permafrost of Siberia

Author: Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Philippe Fosse, Naoki Suzuki, Alexey N. Tikhonov, V. V. Plotnikov, G. G. Boeskorov, David W. G. Stanton, Love Dalén, A. V. Protopopov, Innokenty S. Pavlov, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Academy of Sciences of Sakha Republic, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre for Palaeogenetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), and The Jikei University School of Medicine
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 010506 paleontology, Coat, Stratigraphy, Panthera spelaea, Computed tomography, Permafrost, cave lion, cubs, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Preliminary analysis, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Evolutionsbiologi, 03 medical and health sciences, Cave, law, biology.animal, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, Radiocarbon dating, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Human evolution, Evolutionary Biology, geography.geographical_feature_category, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, radiocarbon dating, Archaeology, QE640-699, Siberia, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Arctic, GN281-289, Panthera, morphological description
Abstract: International audience; A preliminary description is presented of the well-preserved frozen mummies of two cubs of the extinct cave lion Panthera spelaea (finds of 2017–2018, Semyuelyakh River, Yakutia, eastern Siberia, Russia). The fossil lion cubs were found in close proximity, but they do not belong to the same litter, since their radiocarbon ages differ: the female (named ‘Sparta’) was dated to 27,962 ± 109 uncal years BP, and the male (named ‘Boris’) was dated to 43,448 ± 389 uncal years BP. The lion cubs have similar individual ages, 1–2 months. The general tone of the colour of the fur coat of Sparta is greyish to light brown, whereas, in Boris, the fur is generally lighter, greyish yellowish. It is, therefore, possible that light colouration prevailed with age in cave lions and was adaptive for northern snow-covered landscapes. The article discusses the results of computed tomography of cubs of the cave lion, the possible reasons for their death, and the peculiarities of their existence in the Siberian Arctic.
Published: 2021
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37. On the cratonization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: Constraints from gneissic granitoids in south Eastern Desert, Egypt

Author: Ali A. Khudeir, Loretta Corcoran, Åke Johansson, Jean-Louis Paquette, Kirsten N. Nicholson, Tyrone O. Rooney, Mohamed A. El-Fadly, Mohamed A. Abu El-Rus, Shawn J. Malone, Sadiq Hamid, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut, 71516, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ball State University, Department of Geological Sciences, 117 Fine Art Building, Muncie, IN 47306, Department of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm SE-104 05, Sweden, Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, and Notre Dame University, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mantle wedge, MESH: Partial melting, MESH: Subduction zones, Geochemistry, Partial melting, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Fractional crystallization, Cratonization, Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS), MESH: Tonalite-Trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG), Subduction zones, Tonalite-Trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QE1-996.5, Underplating, Fractional crystallization (geology), Geology, MESH: Cratonization, Fractional crystallization, Magma, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Island arc, Protolith, Zircon
Abstract: International audience; The Shaitian granite complex (SGC) spans more than 80 Ma of crustal growth in the Arabian–Nubian Shield in southeast Egypt. It is a voluminous composite intrusion (60 km2) comprising a host tonalite massif intruded by subordinate dyke-like masses of trondhjemite, granodiorite and monzogranite. The host tonalite, in turn, encloses several, fine-grained amphibolite enclaves. U-Pb zircon dating indicates a wide range of crystallization ages within the SGC (800 ± 18 Ma for tonalites; 754 ± 3.9 Ma for trondhjemite; 738 ± 3.8 Ma for granodirite; and 717±3.2 Ma for monzogranite), suggesting crystallization of independent magma pulses. The high positive εNdi (+6–+8) indicate that the melting sources were dominated by juvenile material without any significant input from older crust. Application of zircon saturation geothermometry indicates increasing temperatures during the generation of melts from 745±31 °C for tonalite to 810±25 °C for trondhjemite; 840±10 °C for granodiorite; and 868±10 °C for monzogranite. The pressure of partial melting is loosely constrained to be below the stability of residual garnet (3 kbar for the stability of residual amphibole as inferred from the significantly lower NbN and TaN compared with LREEN and the sub-chondrite Nb/Ta ratios exhibited by the granitic phases. The inverse relation between the generation temperatures and the ages estimates of the granitoid lithologies argue against a significant role of fractional crystallization. The major and trace element contents indicate the emplacement of SGC within a subduction zone setting. It lacks distinctive features for melt derived from a subducted slab (e.g. high Sr/Y and high (La/Yb)N ratios), and the relatively low MgO and Ni contents in all granite phases within the SGC suggest melting within the lower crust of an island arc overlying a mantlewedge. Comparisonwith melts produced during melting experiments indicates an amphibolite of basaltic composition is the best candidate as source for the tonalite, trondhjemite and granodiorite magmas whereas the monzogranite magma is most consistent with fusion of a tonalite protolith. Given the overlapping Nd-Sr isotope ratios as well as several trace element ratios betweenmonzogranite and tonalite samples, it is reasonable to suggest that the renewed basaltic underplating may have caused partial melting of tonalite and the emplacement of monzogranite melt within the SGC. The emplacement of potassic granite (monzogranite) melts subsequent to the emplacement of Na-rich granites (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) most likely suggests major crustal thickening following arc collision andamalgamation into the over thickened proto-crust of the Arabian-Nubian microcontinent. Eventually, after complete consolidation, the whole SGC was subjected to regional deformation, most probably during accretion to the Saharan Metacraton (arc–continent collisions) in the late Cryogenian -Ediacaran times (650–542 Ma).
Published: 2021
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38. Pb nanospheres in ancient zircon yield model ages for zircon formation and Pb mobilization

Author: Monika A. Kusiak, Julien Malherbe, Dirk Schaumlöffel, Martin J. Whitehouse, Ian C. Lyon, Simon A. Wilde, Katie L. Moore, Daniel J. Dunkley, Richard Wirth, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Laboratory for Isotope Geology, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-EQPX-0027,MARSS,Centre de Spectrometrie de Masse pour les Sciences de la Réactivité et de Spéciation(2011)
Subjects: Yield (engineering), Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/photon_science_institute, Archean, Precambrian geology, Separate analysis, Mineralogy, Metamorphism, lcsh:Medicine, Photon Science Institute, zircon, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Crystallization, lcsh:Science, Pb, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, East antarctica, Geokemi, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Geochemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Q, Zircon
Abstract: Nanospheres of lead (Pb) have recently been identified in zircon (ZrSiO4) with the potential to compromise the veracity of U-Pb age determinations. The key assumption that the determined age is robust against the effects of Pb mobility, as long as Pb is not lost from the zircon during subsequent geological events, is now in question. To determine the effect of nanosphere formation on age determination, and whether analysis of nanospheres can yield additional information about the timing of both zircon growth and nanosphere formation, zircons from the Napier Complex in Enderby Land, East Antarctica, were investigated by high-spatial resolution NanoSIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) mapping. Conventional SIMS analyses with >µm resolution potentially mixes Pb from multiple nanospheres with the zircon host, yielding variable average values and therefore unreliable ages. NanoSIMS analyses were obtained of 207Pb/206Pb in nanospheres a few nanometres in diameter that were resolved from 207Pb/206Pb measurements in the zircon host. We demonstrate that analysis for 207Pb/206Pb in multiple individual Pb nanospheres, along with separate analysis of 207Pb/206Pb in the zircon host, can not only accurately yield the age of zircon crystallization, but also the time of nanosphere formation resulting from Pb mobilization during metamorphism. Model ages for both events can be derived that are correlated due to the limited range of possible solutions that can be satisfied by the measured 207Pb/206Pb ratios of nanospheres and zircon host. For the Napier Complex zircons, this yields a model age of ca 3110 Ma for zircon formation and a late Archean model age of 2610 Ma for the metamorphism that produced the nanospheres. The Nanosphere Model Age (NMA) method constrains both the crystallization age and age of the metamorphism to ~±135 Ma, a significant improvement on errors derived from counting statistics.
Published: 2019
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39. Metapopulation Vicariance, Age of Island Taxa and Dispersal: A Case Study Using the Pacific Plant Genus Planchonella (Sapotaceae)

Author: Stephen McLoughlin, J. Christopher Havran, Stephan Nylinder, Jérôme Munzinger, Ulf Swenson, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Campbell University College, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Gothenburg (GU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: Genetic Markers, 0106 biological sciences, Biologisk systematik, Range (biology), Metapopulation, Biological Systematics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Hawaii, Time, metapopulation vicariance, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Vanuatu, Society Islands, Genetics, Vicariance, Fiji, 14. Life underwater, molecular dating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Islands, Sapotaceae, 0303 health sciences, geography, Pacific Ocean, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Plant Dispersal, Ecology, Botany, Botanik, Dispersal, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Vanuatu], Phylogeography, [Dispersal, Taxon, divergence times, Archipelago, Planchonella, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Regular Articles
Abstract: Oceanic islands originate fromvolcanism or tectonic activity without connections to continental landmasses, are colonized by organisms, and eventually vanish due to erosion and subsidence. Colonization of oceanic islands occurs through long-distance dispersals (LDDs) or metapopulation vicariance, the latter resulting in lineages being older than the islands they inhabit. If metapopulation vicariance is valid, island ages cannot be reliably used to provide maximum age constraints for molecular dating.We explore the relationships between the ages of members of a widespread plant genus (Planchonella, Sapotaceae) and their host islands across the Pacific to test various assumptions of dispersal and metapopulation vicariance. We sampled three nuclear DNA markers from 156 accessions representing some 100 Sapotaceae taxa, and analyzed these in BEAST with a relaxed clock to estimate divergence times and with a phylogeographic diffusion model to estimate range expansions over time. The phylogeny was calibrated with a secondary point (the root) and fossils from New Zealand. The dated phylogeny reveals that the ages of Planchonella species are, in most cases, consistent with the ages of the islands they inhabit. Planchonella is inferred to have originated in the Sahul Shelf region, to which it back-dispersed multiple times. Fiji has been an important source for range expansion in the Pacific for the past 23 myr. Our analyses reject metapopulation vicariance in all cases tested, including between oceanic islands, evolution of an endemic Fiji–Vanuatu flora, and westward rollback vicariance between Vanuatu and the Loyalty Islands. Repeated dispersal is the only mechanism able to explain the empirical data. The longest (8900 km) identified dispersal is between Palau in the Pacific and the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean, estimated at 2.2 Ma (0.4–4.8 Ma). The first split in a Hawaiian lineage (P. sandwicensis) matches the age of Necker Island (11.0Ma), when its ancestor diverged into two species that are distinguished by purple and yellowfruits. Subsequent establishment across the Hawaiian archipelago supports, in part, progression rule colonization. In summary, we found no explanatory power in metapopulation vicariance and conclude that Planchonella has expanded its range across the Pacific by LDD.We contend that this will be seen in many other groups when analyzed in detail. This work was supported by funds from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (U.S.), Campbell University (J.C.H.), and J.M.’s fieldwork was supported by the Idaho Botanical Research Foundation (Fiji), Environmental Service of Wallis and Futuna, Our Planet Reviewed (Papua New Guinea), and the Santo2006 expedition (Vanuatu).
Published: 2019
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40. A Combined Transcriptomics and Proteomics Approach Reveals the Differences in the Predatory and Defensive Venoms of the Molluscivorous Cone Snail Cylinder ammiralis (Caenogastropoda: Conidae)

Author: Rafael Zardoya, Samuel Abalde, Sébastien Dutertre, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dutertre, Sébastien, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Biosit : biologie, santé, innovation technologique (SFR UMS CNRS 3480 - INSERM 018), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Conotoxin, Protein family, Cylinder ammiralis, Conidae, transcriptome, proteome, conotoxin, cono-insulin, Proteome, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Zoology, Venom, Cono-insulin, Toxicology, Proteomics, Cylinder (gastropod), Zoologi, complex mixtures, Cone snail, Transcriptomes, Evolutionsbiologi, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Evolutionary Biology, biology, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, [SDV.BA.ZI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Medicine, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Transcriptome
Abstract: Venoms are complex mixtures of proteins that have evolved repeatedly in the animal kingdom. Cone snail venoms represent one of the best studied venom systems. In nature, this venom can be dynamically adjusted depending on its final purpose, whether to deter predators or hunt prey. Here, the transcriptome of the venom gland and the proteomes of the predation-evoked and defensive venoms of the molluscivorous cone snail Cylinder ammiralis were catalogued. A total of 242 venom-related transcripts were annotated. The conotoxin superfamilies presenting more different peptides were O1, O2, T, and M, which also showed high expression levels (except T). The three precursors of the J superfamily were also highly expressed. The predation-evoked and defensive venoms showed a markedly distinct profile. A total of 217 different peptides were identified, with half of them being unique to one venom. A total of 59 peptides ascribed to 23 different protein families were found to be exclusive to the predatory venom, including the cono-insulin, which was, for the first time, identified in an injected venom. A total of 43 peptides from 20 protein families were exclusive to the defensive venom. Finally, comparisons of the relative abundance (in terms of number of peptides) of the different conotoxin precursor superfamilies showed that most of them present similar abundance regardless of the diet., This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2016-75255-C2-1-P [AEI/FEDER, UE] and PID2019-103947GB-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 to R.Z.; BES-2014–069575 and EST2019-013092-I to S.A.).
Published: 2021
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41. The largest endemic genus in New Caledonia grows: three new species of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae) restricted to ultramafic substrate with updated subgeneric keys

Author: Swenson, Ulf, Munzinger, Jérôme, Nylinder, Stephan, Gâteblé, Gildas, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Gothenburg (GU), and Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, BEAST, nrDNA, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, phylogeny, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, micro-endemic, Nagoya Protocol, Red List assessments
Abstract: International audience; Pycnandra Benth., a member of subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae), is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. It circumscribes 59 species, plus an additional three described here, and nine additional species that remain undescribed for various reasons. We here use nrDNA data of ETS, ITS, and RPB2, analyse it within a Bayesian framework using BEAST, and place the new species in their respective subgenera. Pycnandra perplexa Swenson & Gâteblé is placed in subgenus Achradotypus and given a preliminary IUCN Red List assessment of Near Threatened (NT). It is confined to the ultramafic massif of southern Grande Terre and separated from the similar species P. griseosepala Vink, which is confined to non-ultramafic mountains north of the large southern ultramafic plateau. Pycnandra kopetoensis Munzinger & Swenson and P. margueriteae Munzinger & Swenson are two new micro-endemic species known only from their type localities, where habitats have been destroyed by deforestation, deliberate fires and mining activities. Pycnandra kopetoensis is named after Mount Kopéto, placed in subgenus Leptostylis, and given a preliminary assessment as Critically Endangered (CR). Pycnandra margueriteae is from a small remnant forest near Bourail and categorised as Critically Endangered (CR). Revised identification keys for subgenus Achradotypus, Leptostylis and Pycnandra are provided.
Published: 2021
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42. Ancient and modern genomes unravel the evolutionary history of the rhinoceros family

Author: David A. Duchêne, Robert R. Dunn, Peter D. Heintzman, Linda G. R. Bruins-van Sonsbeek, Kees Rookmaaker, Love Dalén, Sergey Vartanyan, Pierre-Olivier Antoine, Holly Heiniger, Joshua D. Kapp, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Chentao Yang, Johanna von Seth, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Beth Shapiro, Nicolas Dussex, Shanlin Liu, Tom van der Valk, Irina V. Kirillova, Michael William Bruford, Kieren J. Mitchell, Cynthia C. Steiner, Alan Cooper, Binia De Cahsan, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Fátima Sánchez-Barreiro, Michael V. Westbury, Lei Chen, Guanliang Meng, Adrian M. Lister, Remi André-Olsen, Oliver A. Ryder, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Eline D. Lorenzen, Ashot Margaryan, Guojie Zhang, Chunxue Guo, Yoshan Moodley, Science for Life Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Swedish Research Council, European Research Council, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Australian Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Generalitat de Catalunya, China Agricultural University (CAU), Universität Potsdam, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics [Stockholm, Sweden], Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9010 Tromsø, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l‘Orfrasiére (UE PAO), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, GENETIC VARIATION, Time Factors, GENETIC VARIABILITY, SPECIES SPECIFICITY, RHINOCEROS, PERISSODACTYL, CONSERVATION GENOMICS, PHYLOGENOMICS, GENOMIC DIVERSITY, 01 natural sciences, Evolutionsbiologi, DEMOGRAPHY, MARKOV CHAIN, MUTATION, Phylogeny, Independent research, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Genome, Geography, ASIA, TIME FACTORS, European research, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Homozygote, EXTINCT SPECIES, food and beverages, Phylogenomics, MARKOV CHAINS, SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, Markov Chains, HOMOZYGOTE, GENOME, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Zoological anatomy: 481, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Conservation genomics, Gene Flow, AFRICA, Heterozygote, food.ingredient, EUROPE, GENETICS, PHYLOGENY, HETEROZYGOSITY, GEOGRAPHY, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Zoologisk anatomi: 481, Library science, HOST SPECIFICITY, Rhinoceros, Biology, SPECIES DIFFERENCE, HETEROZYGOTE, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Host Specificity, EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Species Specificity, GENE FLOW, media_common.cataloged_instance, Animals, NONHUMAN, Early career, European union, Genetik, ARTICLE, GENETIC ANALYSIS, Perissodactyla, 030304 developmental biology, Demography, Evolutionary Biology, INBREEDING, Unicorn, UNGULATE, Genomic diversity, EXTANT SPECIES, HOST RANGE, ANIMALS, Genetic Variation, ANIMAL, EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, PERISSODACTYLA, Animal ecology, Research council, Mutation, Perissodactyl, TIME FACTOR, MIOCENE
Abstract: Only five species of the once-diverse Rhinocerotidae remain, making the reconstruction of their evolutionary history a challenge to biologists since Darwin. We sequenced genomes from five rhinoceros species (three extinct and two living), which we compared to existing data from the remaining three living species and a range of outgroups. We identify an early divergence between extant African and Eurasian lineages, resolving a key debate regarding the phylogeny of extant rhinoceroses. This early Miocene (∼16 million years ago [mya]) split post-dates the land bridge formation between the Afro-Arabian and Eurasian landmasses. Our analyses also show that while rhinoceros genomes in general exhibit low levels of genome-wide diversity, heterozygosity is lowest and inbreeding is highest in the modern species. These results suggest that while low genetic diversity is a long-term feature of the family, it has been particularly exacerbated recently, likely reflecting recent anthropogenic-driven population declines., The authors acknowledge support from the Science for Life Laboratory, the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, and the National Genomics Infrastructure funded by the Swedish Research Council and Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. We thank the Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo for providing the Javan rhinoceros sample. We thank the Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (UB RAS, Ekaterinburg) for providing the sample of Siberian unicorn. M.T.P.G. was supported by European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator grant 681396 (Extinction Genomics). E.D.L. was supported by Independent Research Fund Denmark grant 8021-00218B. A.C. was supported by an Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship (FL140100260). T.M.B. is supported by funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement 864203), grant BFU2017-86471-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE), “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu” funded by the AEI (CEX2018-000792-M), Howard Hughes International Early Career, and Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca and CERCA Programme del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2017 SGR 880). L.D. was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2017-04647) and Formas (2018-01640)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2018-000792-M).
Published: 2021
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43. Resolving the Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) cryptic species complex: five sisters, three of them new

Author: Alexandra Anh-Thu Weber, Emilie Boissin, Anne Chenuil, Sabine Stöhr, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Museum Victoria [Melbourne], Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Species complex, 020209 energy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Ophioderma longicauda, Zoology, 02 engineering and technology, Biology, Ophiurida, West africa, Mediterranean sea, Brittle star, 021105 building & construction, morphology, West Africa, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mediterranean Sea, Animalia, 14. Life underwater, Ophiuroidea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ventral disc, Taxonomy, new species, Ventral side, Botany, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, White (mutation), QL1-991, Ophiodermatidae, QK1-989, Brittle stars, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Echinodermata
Abstract: International audience; The conspicuous Mediterranean brittle star Ophioderma longicauda (Bruzelius, 1805) has been discovered to represent a cryptic species complex, consisting of six nuclear clusters with contrasting reproductive modes (broadcast spawners and brooders). Here, O. longicauda is re-described. It is distinguished by a dark reddish-brown colouration both dorsally and on the ventral disc, and multiple tumid dorsal arm plates. One eastern Mediterranean brooding cluster is described as O. zibrowii sp. nov., characterized by a dark olive-green colour both dorsally and on the ventral disc, and single dorsal arm plates. Another brooder is described from Tunisia as O. hybrida sp. nov., with a highly variable morphology that reflects its origin by hybridization of O. longicauda and a brooder (possibly O. zibrowii sp. nov.), leaving the third brooding cluster as morphologically indistinguishable at this point and possibly conspecific with one of the others. The West-African O. guineense Greef, 1882 is resurrected as a valid species, differing morphologically from O. longicauda by predominantly single dorsal arm plates and light green or creamy white ventral side. Also from West Africa, O. africana sp. nov. is described, characterized by a dark brown colour, dorsally and ventrally, and single dorsal arm plates.
Published: 2020
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44. Geochemistry, geochronology and petrogenesis of Maya Block granitoids and dikes from the Chicxulub Impact Crater, Gulf of México: Implications for the assembly of Pangea

Author: Zhao, Jiawei, Xiao, Long, Gulick, Sean P.S., Morgan, Joanna, Kring, David, Fucugauchi, Jaime Urrutia, Schmieder, Martin, de Graaff, Sietze, Wittmann, Axel, ROSS, Catherine, Claeys, Philippe, Pickersgill, Annemarie, Kaskes, Pim, Goderis, Steven, Rasmussen, Cornelia, Vajda, Vivi, Ferrière, Ludovic, Feignon, Jean–Guillaume, Chenot, Elise, Sato, Honami, Yamaguchi, Kosei, J. Bralower, Timothy, Christeson, Gail l., Cockell, Charles S., Coolen, Marco J.L., Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, Kazuhisa, Green, Sophie, Jones, Heather, LeBer, Erwan, LOFI, Johanna, Lowery, Christopher, OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Poelchau, Michael H., Rae, Auriol S.P., Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Riller, Ulrich, Smit, Jan, Tikoo-Schantz, Sonia M., Tomioka, Naotaka, Whalen, Michael T., Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Earth System Sciences, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources [Wuhan] (GPMR), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Eyring Materials Center for Solid State Science, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, NERC Argon Isotope Facility [Glasgow], Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Department of Palaeobiology [Stockholm], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Department of Chemistry, Toho University, and Study funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41772050, 41830214, 41773061), MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (MSFGPMR05) and the Science andTechnology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau (Grant No. 121/2017/A3).
Subjects: Felsite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Geology, Orogeny, Pangea, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Anatexis, 01 natural sciences, Continental arc, Peri–Gondwanan realm, Gondwana, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochronology, Chicxulub impact crater, Slab breakoff, Laurentia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Petrogenesis, Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract: 23 pages; International audience; The Late Paleozoic tectono–magmatic history and basement of the Maya block are poorly understood due to the lack of exposures of coeval magmatic rocks in the region. Recently, IODP–ICDP Expedition 364 recovered drill core samples at borehole M0077A from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater, offshore of the Yucatán peninsula in the Gulf of México, have been studied comprehensively. In the lowermost ~600 m of the drill core, impact–deformed granitoids, and minor felsite and dolerite dykes are intercalated with impact melts and breccias. Zircon U-Pb dating of granitoids yielded ages of around 326 ± 5 Ma, representing the first recovery of Late Paleozoic magmatic rocks from the Maya block, which could be genetically related to the convergence of Laurentia and Gondwana. The granitoids show the features of high K2O/Na2O, LaN/YbN and Sr/Y ratios, but very low Yb and Y contents, indicating an adakitic affinity. They are also characterized by slightly positive ԑNd(326Ma) of 0.17–0.68, intermediate initial 87Sr/86Sr(326Ma) of 0.7036–0.7047 and two–stage Nd model age (TDM2) of 1027–1069 Ma, which may indicate a less evolved crustal source. Thus, the adakitic granitoids were probably generated by partial melting of thickened crust, with source components similar to Neoproterozoic metagabbro in the Carolina block (Pan–African Orogeny materials) along Peri–Gondwana. Felsite dykes are shoshonitic with typical continental arc features that are sourced from a metasomatic mantle wedge by slab–fluids. Dolerite dykes display OIB–type features such as positive Nb and Ta anomalies and low ThNpm/NbNpm. In our interpretation, the Chicxulub adakitic granitoids of this study are formed by crustal anatexis due to asthenospheric upwelling resulting from slab breakoff. Through comparing sources and processes of Late Paleozoic magmatism along the Peri–Gondwanan realm, a tearing slab breakoff model may explain the discontinuous magmatism that appears to have occurred during the convergence of Laurentia and Gondwana.
Published: 2020
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45. Genomic landscape of the global oak phylogeny

Author: Guido W. Grimm, M. Socorro González-Elizondo, Ernst Detlef Schulze, Michael Avishai, Sorel Fitz-Gibbon, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Victoria L. Sork, Xiao-Long Jiang, Andrew L. Hipp, John D. McVay, Andrew A. Crowl, Antoine Kremer, Thomas Denk, Oliver Gailing, Marlene Hahn, Hernando Rodríguez-Correa, Christophe Plomion, Isabelle Lesur, Paul S. Manos, Susana Valencia-Ávalos, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Marco Cosimo Simeone, Catherine Bodénès, Min Deng, The Morton Arboretum, Duke University [Durham], The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Minnesota [Morris], University of Minnesota System, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Gene Flow, genomic mosaicism, Physiology, Lineage (evolution), oaks, Population, education, introgression, Introgression, Plant Science, Biology, restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Quercus, Phylogenetics, tree diversity, Phylogenomics, Clade, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Phylogenetic tree, diversification rates, phylogenomics, Genomics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Fagaceae, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: SummaryThe tree of life is highly reticulate, with the history of population divergence buried amongst phylogenies deriving from introgression and lineage sorting. In this study, we test the hypothesis that there are regions of the oak (Quercus, Fagaceae) genome that are broadly informative about phylogeny and investigate global patterns of oak diversity.We utilize fossil data and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) for 632 individuals representing ca. 250 oak species to infer a time-calibrated phylogeny of the world’s oaks. We use reversible-jump MCMC to reconstruct shifts in lineage diversification rates, accounting for among-clade sampling biases. We then map the > 20,000 RAD-seq loci back to a recently published oak genome and investigate genomic distribution of introgression and phylogenetic support across the phylogeny.Oak lineages have diversified among geographic regions, followed by ecological divergence within regions, in the Americas and Eurasia. Roughly 60% of oak diversity traces back to four clades that experienced increases in net diversification due to climatic transitions or ecological opportunity.The support we find for the phylogeny contrasts with high genomic heterogeneity in phylogenetic signal and introgression. Oaks are phylogenomic mosaics, and their diversity may in fact depend on the gene flow that shapes the oak genome.
Published: 2020
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46. The Transpolar Drift as a Source of Riverine and Shelf-Derived Trace Elements to the Central Arctic Ocean

Author: Willard S. Moore, Carl H. Lamborg, Andrew R. Margolin, Tatiana Williford, Mak A. Saito, Elizabeth M. Jones, Randelle M. Bundy, Hans A. Slagter, Laramie T. Jensen, Robert F. Anderson, Jeroen E. Sonke, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Katlin L. Bowman, Benjamin Rabe, Mats A. Granskog, Alison M. Agather, Paul B. Henderson, Brian A. Haley, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, Frank J. Millero, Rob Middag, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Karl Kaiser, Aridane G. González, Rainer M. W. Amon, Mariko Hatta, Per Andersson, Lauren Kipp, Dennis A. Hansell, Robert Newton, Ryan J. Woosley, Micha J. A. Rijkenberg, Ole Valk, R. Lawrence Edwards, Laura M. Whitmore, Angelica Pasqualini, Jessica S. Dabrowski, Loes J. A. Gerringa, Yang Xiang, Matthew A. Charette, Ronald Benner, Martin Levier, Ronja Paffrath, David Kadko, Seth G. John, Jan van Ooijen, Michiel M Rutgers van der Loeff, Xianglei Li, Hélène Planquette, Dorothea Bauch, Robert Rember, Patrick Laan, Phoebe J. Lam, Colin A. Stedmon, Ursula Schauer, Katharina Pahnke, Heather E. Reader, Alan M. Shiller, Mariia V. Petrova, Adam Ulfsbo, Christopher I. Measures, Ruifeng Zhang, Peter Schlosser, Sandra Gdaniec, Robert M. Sherrell, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Lars Eric Heimburger-Boavida, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Texas A&M University [College Station], University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Tromsø department (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of earth and environmental sciences and the Lamont-Doherty earth observatory, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Ocean Sciences Department, University of California [USA], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Oceanography [Honolulu], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering [New York], Wright State University, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia], University of California (UC), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Geological Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Université de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria [Espagne] (ULPGC), Norwegian Polar Institute, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Texas A&M University [Galveston], University of British Columbia (UBC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Funding for Arctic GEOTRACES was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Swedish Research Council Formas, French Agence Nationale de la Recherche and LabexMER, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, and Independent Research Fund Denmark, ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), ANR-13-BS06-0014,GEOVIDE,GEOVIDE, Une étude internationale GEOTRACES le long de la section OVIDE en Atlantique Nord et en Mer du Labrador(2013), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Flux, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, Geochemistry and Petrology, Dissolved organic carbon, Arctic Ocean, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Water cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Transpolar Drift, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Trace elements, ACL, Lead (sea ice), Trace element, Nutrients, Carbon, Geophysics, GEOTRACES, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Meteoric water, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Data from GEOTRACES cruises GN01 (HLY1502) and GN04 (PS94) have been archived at the Biological & Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO; https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/638807) and PANGAEA (https://www.pangaea.de/?q=PS94&f.campaign%5B%5D=PS94) websites, respectively. The inorganic carbon data are available at the NOAA Ocean Carbon Data System (OCADS ; doi :10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.CLIVAR_ARC01_33HQ20150809). In addition to these national data archives, the data used in this paper is available as a supplementary downloadable excel file; International audience; A major surface circulation feature of the Arctic Ocean is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), a current that transports river‐influenced shelf water from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas toward the center of the basin and Fram Strait. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program included a high‐resolution pan‐Arctic survey of carbon, nutrients, and a suite of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs). The cruises bisected the TPD at two locations in the central basin, which were defined by maxima in meteoric water and dissolved organic carbon concentrations that spanned 600 km horizontally and ~25‐50 m vertically. Dissolved TEIs such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Hg, Nd, and Th, which are generally particle‐reactive but can be complexed by organic matter, were observed at concentrations much higher than expected for the open ocean setting. Other trace element concentrations such as Al, V, Ga, and Pb were lower than expected due to scavenging over the productive East Siberian and Laptev shelf seas. Using a combination of radionuclide tracers and ice drift modeling, the transport rate for the core of the TPD was estimated at 0.9 ± 0.4 Sv (106 m3 s‐1). This rate was used to derive the mass flux for TEIs that were enriched in the TPD, revealing the importance of lateral transport in supplying materials beneath the ice to the central Arctic Ocean and potentially to the North Atlantic Ocean via Fram Strait. Continued intensification of the Arctic hydrologic cycle and permafrost degradation will likely lead to an increase in the flux of TEIs into the Arctic Ocean.
Published: 2020
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47. Resolving the Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) cryptic species complex: five sisters, three of them new – Corrigendum

Author: Anne CHENUIL, Emilie BOISSIN, Alexandra Weber, Sabine Stöhr, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Museum Victoria [Melbourne], Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 020209 energy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0211 other engineering and technologies, Botany, 02 engineering and technology, Biodiversity, QL1-991, QK1-989, 021105 building & construction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Taxonomy
Abstract: Stöhr, Sabine, Weber, Alexandra Anh-Thu, Boissin, Emilie, Chenuil, Anne (2020): Resolving the Ophioderma longicauda (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) cryptic species complex: five sisters, three of them new - Corrigendum. European Journal of Taxonomy 607: 1-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.607
Published: 2020
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48. The sulfur budget and sulfur isotopic composition of Martian regolith breccia NWA 7533

Author: Jean-Pierre Lorand, Martin J. Whitehouse, Alexander A. Nemchin, Roger H. Hewins, Emilie Thomassot, Claire Rollion-Bard, Munir Humayun, James Farquhar, Jeremy J. Bellucci, Sylvain Courrech du Pont, Jabrane Labidi, Brigitte Zanda, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Carnegie Institution of Washington, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and ANR-16-CE31-0012,MARS-PRIME,Environnement Primitif de Mars(2016)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sulfide, Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sulfur, Regolith, Igneous rock, Geophysics, δ34S, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Clastic rock, Breccia, engineering, Pyrite, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The sulfur isotope budget of Martian regolith breccia (NWA 7533) has been addressed from conventional fluorination bulk rock analyses and ion microprobe in situ analyses. The bulk rock analyses yield 865 ± 50 ppm S in agreement with LA‐ICP‐MS analyses. These new data support previous estimates of 80% S loss resulting from terrestrial weathering of NWA 7533 pyrite. Pyrite is by far the major S host. Apatite and Fe oxyhydroxides are negligible S carriers, as are the few tiny igneous pyrrhotite–pentlandite sulfide grains included in lithic clasts so far identified. A small nonzero Δ33S (−0.029 ± 0.010‰) signal is clearly resolved at the 2σ level in the bulk rock analyses, coupled with negative CDT‐normalized δ34S (−2.54 ± 0.10‰), and near‐zero Δ36S (0.002 ± 0.09‰). In situ analyses also yield negative Δ33S values (−0.05 to −0.30‰) with only a few positive Δ33S up to +0.38‰. The slight discrepancy compared to the bulk rock results is attributed to a possible sampling bias. The occurrence of mass‐independent fractionation (MIF) supports a model of NWA 7533 pyrite formation from surface sulfur that experienced photochemical reaction(s). The driving force that recycled crustal S in NWA 7533 lithologies—magmatic intrusions or impact‐induced heat—is presently unclear. However, in situ analyses also gave negative δ34S values (+1 to −5.8‰). Such negative values in the hydrothermal setting of NWA 7533 are reflective of hydrothermal sulfides precipitated from H2S/HS‐ aqueous fluid produced via open‐system thermochemical reduction of sulfates at high temperatures (>300 °C).
Published: 2020
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49. Element enrichment and provenance of the detrital component in Holocene sediments from the western Black Sea

Author: Valentina Y. Darakchieva, C.-Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Kjell Billström, Lyubomir Dimitrov, Olivier Ragueneau, Vesselin M. Dekov, Morgane Gallinari, George D. Kamenov, Ellen Kooijman, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography - IMC (Sofia, Bulgaria), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Oceanology of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IO-BAS), Géosciences Marines (GM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Provenance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Sr-Nd-Pb-isotopes, lcsh:Oceanography, Water column, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:GC1-1581, Anoxic, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, Holocene, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Authigenic, 6. Clean water, Diagenesis, Element enrichment, Black Sea, 13. Climate action, Enrichment factor, Clay minerals, Geology
Abstract: Place: Sopot Publisher: Polish Acad Sciences Inst Oceanology WOS:000528728600003; International audience; Concentrations of a large set of major and trace elements, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios were measured in Holocene sediments cored in the western deep Black Sea in order to unravel: (1) the controls of element enrichment, and (2) sources of the detrital component. The transition of the basin from oxic to euxinic resulted in enrichment or depletion in a number of elements in the deep-sea sediments. Authigenic Fe enrichment appears to depend on the amount of Fe mobilized from the sediment through the benthic redox shuttle mechanism and free H2S in the water column (degree of “euxinization”). Manganese enrichment is controlled by diagenetic reactions within the sediment: the dissolution of Mn minerals, Mn2+ diffusion upward and reprecipitation. Barium enrichment is also controlled by diagenetic reactions, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis, that take place above and below the sulfate-methane transition, respectively. The major part of V, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, Cd and Sb is inferred to have co-precipitated with Fe in the euxinic deep waters and to have been incorporated into authigenic Fe-sulfides. Basin reservoir effect additionally influences the Mo enrichment. The U enrichment is interpreted to have a different origin in the two organic-rich stratigraphic units (II and I). It is inferred to be: (i) at the expense of the U inventory of the deepwater pool and a result of inorganic reduction of U at euxinic conditions in the lower Unit II; and (ii) at the expense of the U inventory of the surface water pool and a result of biogenic uptake and transfer to the sediment by the plankton in the upper Unit I. The high field strength elements are closely linked to the detrital component and their depletion in the organic-rich sediments reflects a dilution of the detrital component by the biogenic one. The enrichments of REE, Sn and Th are likely controlled by adsorption on clay minerals. Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions of the alumino-silicate component of the studied sediments are relatively uniform. They are most likely controlled by riverine suspended matter supplied mainly in the NW Black Sea (Danube Delta) and transported southward by marine currents, and to a lesser degree by suspended matter from the small rivers draining SE Bulgaria and NW Turkey. Wind-blown dust from the Sahara Desert appears to have a minor contribution to the alumino-silicate component of the sediments. The slight shift in the Pb isotopes in Unit I upper layers is possibly caused by the addition of anthropogenic Pb.
Published: 2020
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50. New fossil woods from lower Cenozoic volcano‐sedimentary rocks of the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, and the implications for the trans‐Antarctic Peninsula Eocene climatic gradient

Author: Tae-Yoon S. Park, Stephen McLoughlin, Jusun Woo, Marc Philippe, Han Gu Choi, Changhwan Oh, Marcelo Leppe, Teresa Torres, Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Division of Polar Earth-System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Instituto Antartico Chileno, Departamento de sanidad vegetal, facultad de ciencias agronomicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Division of Polar Life Sciences, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, growth-ring analysis, fossil woods, Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Eocene, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Climatic gradient, Peninsula, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 15. Life on land, Volcano, 13. Climate action, George (robot), Antarctica, Sedimentary rock, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, rainfall gradient, Cenozoic, Geology, Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Ten embedded fossil logs sampled in situ from the middle Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks close to Suffield Point in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island,Antarctica, are assigned to Protopodocarpoxylon araucarioides Schultze-Motel ex Vogellehner, Phyllocladoxylon antarcticum Gothan, Agathoxylon antarcticum (Poole & Cantrill) Pujana et al., A. pseudoparenchymatosum (Gothan) Pujana et al. andan unidentified angiosperm wood. Differences in the taxonomic representation and growth-ring characters of the Eocene woods on King George Island and coeval assemblages from Seymour Island, on the western and eastern sides of the Antarctic Peninsula respectively, are interpreted to result from environmental and climatic gradients across the Peninsula Orogen during the early Palaeogene. In particular, a precipitation gradient inferred across the Peninsula at that time might have been induced by a rain-shadow effect. This research is a part of the project ‘Long-Term Ecological Researches on King George Island to Predict Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change (PE15020)’ funded by the Korea Polar Research Institute, KOREA. Also funded by National Science Foundation (project #1636625)
Published: 2020
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