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Gallstones are the most common biliary pathology. They are formed because of abnormal bile composition. Symptomatic gallstones present as pain in the right upper quadrant or epigastric region, which may radiate to the back. Ultrasonography of the gallbladder is very accurate in the identification of gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimal-access approach for the removal of the gallbladder together with its stones. A 28-year-old lady presented with complaints of pain in the right upper quadrant of abdomen, which was relieved by pressure, nausea and occasionally vomiting especially after having a rich meal for 1 month with constant dull pain in lower abdomen during menses for 2 to 3 months. Her ultrasonography of whole abdomen revealed cholelithiasis (stone size 8mm), elongated uterus with left ovarian cyst. Individualised medicine Natrum muriaticum was prescribed in a centesimal scale which showed a positive effect in the case within a short span of time. Causal attribution of changes in her condition to the homoeopathic treatment was assessed by Modified Naranjo Criteria. Future observational studies and randomised control trials are suggested to ascertain the efficacy of homoeopathic medicine in such cases.

Cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes (CCDS) are a group of potentially treatable neurometabolic disorders. The clinical, genetic profile and follow up outcome of Indian CCDS patients is presented.This was a retrospective cohort of CCDS patients seen over six-years. Diagnosis was based either on low creatine peak on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and/or genetic evaluation.Thirteen patients were eligible [8 creatine transporter deficiency (CTD), 4 guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency and 1 could not be classified]. The mean (±SD) age at diagnosis was 7.2(±5.0) years. Clinical manifestations included intellectual disability (ID) with significant expressive speech delay in all. Most had significant behavior issues (8/13) and/or autism (8/13). All had history of convulsive seizures (11/13 had epilepsy; 2 patients only had febrile seizures) and 2/13 had movement disorder. Constipation was the commonest non-neurological manifestation (5/13 patients). Cranial MRI was normal in all CTD patients but showed globus pallidus hyperintensity in all four with GAMT deficiency. MRS performed in 11/13 patients, revealed abnormally low creatine peak. A causative genetic variant (novel mutation in nine) was identified in 12 patients. Three GAMT deficiency and one CTD patient reported neurodevelopmental improvement and good seizure control after creatine supplementation.Intellectual disability, disproportionate speech delay, autism, and epilepsy, were common in our CCDS patients. A normal structural neuroimaging with easily controlled febrile and/or afebrile seizures differentiated CTD from GAMT deficiency patients who had abnormal neuroimaging and often difficult to control epilepsy and movement disorder.

The role of teachers in a changing world has been change a lot, they not only just impart knowledge but they are also responsible for students’ all-round development. the job of teacher is not just limited into the classroom, it is also related to the other factor of the school as well, that’s why we accept that the quality of education system ultimately depends upon the quality of teachers, then the matter of teacher competence is one which deserves urgent careful and continued attention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the assessment of teacher competence by stakeholders of education. The present article is an attempt to put light on teacher competencies as a key feature that impacts the different area of education. The paper makes a review on the assessment of teacher competencies by four major stakeholders of education. And we try to put light on how they assess it, what are the key aspects of teacher competence and what that finding and result are.

Background A stability-indicating method (SIM) stipulates the testing of the drug product and drug substances under the stressed conditions that will imply a clear notion about the stress conditions that would affect the drug in its finished dosage form. Furthermore, manufactures can clearly define the state at which the drug is unstable and present its storage conditions. Objective The present article deals with the stability testing and degradation kinetic studies of desloratadine (DL). Method The method of analysis was UV visible spectroscopy, which is a most convenient and reliable method for the analyst. A method was developed and validated according to the ICH Q2 guidelines along with the amendment in 2018 (ICH Q14). Results The study denotes that the drug is extremely unstable in the presence of dry heat and then follows the oxidative and basic degradations. The acidic, neutral, and photolysis did not show notable degradations. Conclusions The chemical kinetic studies were carried out to more clearly understand the mechanism of degradation and to present the order of reaction, rate of reaction, and reaction half-time. Highlights The application of a spectrophotometric method in the development of a SIM and study of degradation kinetics is much handier and cost-effective.

The purpose of chimney is to vent hot flue gases from furnaces/boilers. The structure is vertical and mostly of circular or rectangular shape. The objective of current research to investigate the wind load effect on chimney using Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) studies. The FSI investigation is conducted on chimney using ANSYS simulation package. The induced pressure, drag force and velocity fields are evaluated across the chimney with different shapes i.e., sharp edged, chamfered, and filleted edged shapes. The FSI study is conducted on chimney with M25 concrete material. The drag force values are obtained for each design and minimum drag force is obtained for filleted design of chimney. The drag force induced on filleted chimney is 3.33 times lower than generic design. The drag force induced on chamfered chimney is 16.39% lower than generic design The lowest induced pressure is observed on filleted chimney and highest induced pressure is observed on generic design.

ntroduction: Ovarian cyst is an endocrine disorder, more commonly reported in women of reproductive age group. It affects approximately 30% of all women. They may be asymptomatic or produce local discomfort, menstrual disturbances, infertility, or in rare cases, cause acute symptoms due to complications like haemorrhage, rupture or torsion. Hormonal therapy and oral contraceptive pills may be helpful in causing resolution in some cases. The patients are generally advised for surgical intervention in the conventional mode of therapy. Thus, Homoeopathy is the second choice of therapy as it is a simple system of medicine that treats the patient not the disease. We intend to report a case treated with homoeopathic constitutional medicine in women of reproductive age group suffering from bilateral ovarian cysts with a bulky uterus. A 40-year-old female presented with complaints of irregular menstrual bleeding,Case summary: constant dull pain in the lower abdomen and low backache. Ultrasound of the whole abdomen suggested bilateral ovarian cysts with a bulky uterus. Constitutional medicine Pulsatilla nigrican was prescribed on a centesimal scale which showed a positive effect in the case. Causal attribution of changes in her condition to the homoeopathic treatment was depicted by modied Naranjo criteria. Future observational studies and randomized control trials are suggested to ascertain the efcacy of homoeopathy in the case of ovarian cysts.

Quantitative analysis of formulation containing Aspirin, Clopidogrel Bisulphate and Rosuvastatin Calcium were performed using double divisor ratio spectra derivative method. Detection wavelength fo...

Homoeopathy has played a notable role in managing epidemics in the past. The Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, declared Arsenicum album 30 C as a prophylactic for Covid-19, which was followed by the distribution of the medicine across India. The Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH) collected post-prophylactic consumption data of individuals from various colleges over months, which created a data pool. Considering the importance of these mass-level data and their possible impact on public healthcare decisions, the information gathered from this heterogeneous population cohort was subjected to a retrospective data analysis to observe the incidence of Covid-19 in the community.Data from 50 colleges from February-August 2020 showed that 10.6 million people in 13 states of India received prophylactic medicine during the study period. The data was collected from individuals three weeks following prophylactic consumption for a retrospective analysis. The incidence of Covid-19 was assessed.The data of 584 980 individuals who met the study criteria were included in the analysis. The incidence of Covid-19 in the population cohort was 13.58 per 10 000-person weeks (95% CI, 13.04 to 14.14), which remained near-constant over time despite the increasing disease burden in the country (12.87 to 14.52 per 10 000-person weeks). Consumption of the prophylactic significantly reduced the risk of contracting Covid-19 in high-risk groups as compared to their counterparts.The study concludes that Arsenicum album 30 C has a potential prophylactic effect against Covid-19. Further controlled studies are recommended to establish a causal relation.

Accuracy of UV-Vis spectroscopic method development utterly depends upon the selection of solvent which should be compatible and suitable for the solute throughout the study. The spectrum of the sa...

Introduction: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a polymicrobial infection of the upper genital tract characterised clinically by triad of symptoms and signs: pelvic pain, cervical motion with adnexal tenderness and fever. Conventional treatment is with broad-spectrum antibiotics. The alternative medicine, especially Homoeopathy, is the second choice of therapy as per the WHO. Case reports of PID in the medical literature are scant. We aim to report a case treated with homoeopathic constitutional medicine in a woman suffering from PID. Case Summary: A 29-year-old female presented with the symptoms of white discharge per vagina, constant dull pain in the lower abdomen, low backache, fever and lassitude for 2 weeks. Clinical findings and ultrasound of the whole abdomen suggested PID. Individualised homoeopathic medicine Calcarea carbonica was prescribed in centesimal potency which showed a positive role in the treatment of PID. Causal attribution of changes in her condition to the homoeopathic treatment was depicted by modified Naranjo criteria. Future observational studies and randomised control trials are suggested to ascertain the efficacy of homoeopathy in the cases of PID.

The fifth generation (5G) cellular wireless network are alleged to conquer the central difficulties of existing cellular network, higher data rates, excellent end to-end performance and user coverage in hot spot and swarmed territories with lower latency, energy utilization and value per information transfer. to handle these difficulties, 5G systems will embrace a multi-level design comprising of macro cells, distinctive types of authorized little cells, transfers, and gadget to-gadget (D2D) systems to serve users with various nature of-benefit (QoS) prerequisites in an exceedingly spectrum and energy effective way. Beginning with the dreams and prerequisites of 5G multi-level systems, this postulation traces the difficulties of interference administration (control, cell relationship) in these systems with shared spectrum get to (when the various system levels share the identical authorised spectrum. during this specific situation, a subjective correlation of the present cell association and power control plans is given to our work to interference management in 5G systems.

The magnetic properties of tetragonal polycrystalline intermetallic compound Tb 0.5 Ho 0.5 Mn 2 Si 2 have been investigated using temperature dependent dc magnetic susceptibility and neutron powder diffraction studies. Results of high temperature susceptibility data shows anomaly at T N = 510 K while low temperature susceptibility data indicate two successive anomalies at T 1 = 11 K and T 2 = 25 K. Metamagnetic transition is observed in magnetization versus field curves. Our neutron diffraction results indicate three different magnetic regions with different magnetic structures. Neutron diffraction data shows that below T 2 , the intensities of some of the nuclear peaks get enhanced indicating ferromagnetic ordering, while additional magnetic reflections are observed below T 1 , indicating antiferromagnetic order. Ordering of rare earth sublattice at low temperature rearranges the ordering of Mn sublattice and results in reorientation of Mn spins at T 1 . At 2 K Tb/Ho moments are aligned along c-axis while Mn moments are aligned perpendicular to c-axis.

The spotted lanternfly (SLF) is an invasive pest that emerged in the US less than a decade ago. With few natural enemies and an ability to feed on a wide variety of readily available plants the population has grown rapidly. It is causing damage to a wide range of natural and economically important farmed plants and at present there is no known way to stop the growth and spread of the population. However, a number of control measures have been proposed to limit the growth and the effectiveness of some of these have been assessed via empirical studies. Studies to estimate the natural mortality rate of the lanternfly’s different life stages and other properties of its life cycle are also available. However, no attempt to integrate this empirical information to estimate population level characteristics such as the population growth rate and the potential effects of proposed control measures can be found in the literature. Here, we introduce a simple population dynamics model parameterized using available information in the literature to obtain estimates of this type. Our model suggests that the annual growth rate of the SLF population in the US is 5.47, that only three out of six proposed control measures considered here have the potential to decrease the population even if we can find and treat each SLF in every stage, and that even with a combined strategy involving the most effective proposed control measures about 35% of all SLF in the relevant stages must be found and treated to turn the current population growth into decline. Suggesting that eradication of the spotted lanternfly over larger geographical areas in the US will be challenging, and we believe that the modeling framework presented here may be useful in providing estimates to inform feasibility assessment of proposed management efforts.

Evolution of physical and magnetic properties of La rich La

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) II deficiency results in an uncommon type of autosomal recessive sclerosing bone dysplasia with renal tubular acidosis and intracerebral calcification. We report a classic case of CA II-associated osteopetrosis with a previously reported homozygous frameshift mutation. Child was evaluated for short stature and failure to thrive. He was diagnosed as osteopetrosis in view of the presence of hepatosplenomegaly and increased bone density though hematological parameters were normal. Further evaluation showed presence of associated distal renal tubular acidosis raising a possibility of CA II deficiency. Mutation analysis revealed a previously reported homozygous frameshift mutation c.143-146delCTGT (p.Ser48Phefs*9) in CA2.Child has normal growth after initiation of alkali therapy.

A detailed study of low-temperature properties across the series ${\mathrm{CeRu}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ ($0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}2$) using magnetic susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi}($T$), isothermal magnetization $M$($H$), heat capacity $C$($T$), and electrical resistivity \ensuremath{\rho}($T$) is presented. Using doping as a tuning parameter, a crossover from a Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) dominated region ($0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1$) to a Kondo dominated region ($x\ensuremath{\ge}1.5$) is evident. \ensuremath{\chi}($T$) and \ensuremath{\rho}($T$) curves, analyzed in terms of theoretical models proposed by Sales and Freimuth for the Co ($x\ensuremath{\ge}1.5$) rich compounds, suggest an intermediate valence state of the Ce ion. The intricate balance between the competing RKKY and Kondo effect is attributed to the volume change upon Co substitution, owing to its smaller ionic size, which enhances the hybridization between $4f$ and conduction electrons. A quantum critical point (QCP) in the (T, x) phase diagram is reached for the critical concentration (${x}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}1.5$) where the competing RKKY and Kondo energy scales tend to zero. Deviation in \ensuremath{\chi}($T$), $C$($T$), and \ensuremath{\rho}($T$) from Fermi-liquid behavior is observed in the vicinity of the QCP and the former is seen to recover with the application of magnetic field. Further support for the quantum criticality comes from the universal scaling behavior of $M$($H$), \ensuremath{\chi}($T$), and \ensuremath{\rho}($T$) data for ${x}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}1.5$. Also, the valence fluctuations in the vicinity of the compound showing non-Fermi-liquid behavior may suggest the possible role of valence fluctuations in the QCP, which makes the present series an interesting case.

In this report, we study temperature dependent heat capacity and electrical resistance of Tb1-xHoxMn2Si2 (x = 0.5). Two successive low temperature magnetic transitions T1 (∼15 K) and T2 (∼25 K) are observed from both measurements. Anomalous rise in heat capacity at low temperatures is ascribed to the nuclear Schottky effect. Sommerfeld coefficient (γ), Debye temperature (θD) and density of states at Fermi level N(EF) is calculated from the zero field specific heat data. We observe 4f contribution to heat capacity from T1 to 100K, which is attributed to crystal field effect. In the electrical transport study, application of the magnetic field shows a substantial change around the ordering temperature of rare earth moment resulting in large positive magnetoresistance of about 20% with field change of 6T.

Background: To assess and compare the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain on intravenous injection in patients receiving the two different formulations of Propofol.Methods: Total 170 eligible patients were randomized into Group A receiving Propofol MCT/LCT and Group B receiving Propofol LCT. After standard pre-anaesthetic preparation and baseline values recording, the blinded investigator recorded pain intensity after injection of 1mL study drug propofol, using Visual Analog Scale (0-10). Haemodynamic parameters were recorded every minute for 5 minutes. Calculated Propofol dose was injected in 20 seconds, and signs of pain (hand withdrawal, grimacing) were noted. After patient regained full consciousness, recall of injection pain was asked for.Results: The proportion of patients who experienced pain was similar in both groups (group A: 76/85 =89.41%, group B: 81/85 = 95.29%; statistically not significant (p value=0.247). Patients in group A had longer time for pain onset (11.3 seconds-group A Vs 9.8 seconds-group B; statistically significant, p value =0.008). Pain on injection was higher in Propofol LCT group as compared to Propofol MCT/LCT (VAS scores of group A=3.94±2.0 vs group B = 5.49±1.96; statistically significant; p value = 0.0018). Full dose of Propofol MCT/LCT produced significantly less pain when compared to Propofol LCT (p value = 0.0424). Recall of pain was comparable between the groups. Haemodynamic parameters (Heart rate and Mean Arterial Pressure) remained comparable in both groups.Conclusions: Pain on injection was higher and statistically significant in Propofol LCT group as compared to Propofol MCT/LCT.

Evolution of physical and magnetic properties of La rich La1-x Tb x Mn2Si2 (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.225) compounds is studied using temperature and field dependent dc magnetization, electrical transport, and heat capacity measurements. LaMn2Si2 undergoes a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic ordering at T N ~ 400 K and a long range ferromagnetic ordering below T C ~ 308 K. However, the substitution of Tb at La site results in the contraction of unit cell as well as decrease in the Mn-Mn spacing, which leads to an additional antiferromagnetic phase below T N ~ 87 K and 257 K for La0.9Tb0.1Mn2Si2 and La0.775Tb0.225Mn2Si2, respectively. Using magnetization isotherm results, we have constructed an H-T phase diagram for x = 0.225 and have found the coexistence of this additional antiferromagnetic phase with ferromagnetic phase. The phase coexistence at x ~ 0.225 is further analysed using magnetoresistance (MR) and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) studies and a reasonable correlation is established between MCE and MR. In order to analyse the nature of the magnetic transition at T C, a universal master curve is constructed by rescaling the magnetic entropy curves. Low temperature neutron diffraction measurements performed on the polycrystalline samples revealed a canted ferromagnetic structure for x ~ 0.1 and a canted antiferromagnetic structure for x ~ 0.225.

The glutamate neurotransmitter is intrinsically involved in learning and memory. Glial glutamine synthetase enzyme synthesizes glutamine, which helps maintain the optimal neuronal glutamate level. However, the role of glutamine synthetase in learning and memory remains unclear. Using associative trace learning task, we investigated the effects of methionine sulfoximine (MSO) (glutamine synthetase inhibitor) on recognition and temporal memories. MSO and vehicle were injected (i.p.) three hours before training in separate groups of male Wistar rats (n = 11). Animals were trained to obtain fruit juice after following a set of sequential events. Initially, house-light was presented for 15 s followed by 5 s trace interval. Thereafter, juice was given for 20 s followed by 20 s inter-presentation interval. A total of 75 presentations were made over five sessions during the training and testing periods. The average number of head entries to obtain juice per session and during individual phases at different time intervals was accounted as an outcome measure of recognition and temporal memories. The total head entries in MSO and vehicle treated animals were comparable on training and testing days. However, it was 174.90% (p = 0.08), 270.61% (p < 0.05), 143.20% (p < 0.05) more on training day and 270.33% (p < 0.05), 157.94% (p < 0.05), 170.42% (p < 0.05) more on testing day, during the house-light, trace-interval and inter-presentation interval phases in MSO animals. Glutamine synthetase inhibition did not induce recognition memory deficit, while temporal memory was altered, suggesting that glutamine synthetase modulates some aspects of mnemonic processes.

Temperature and field dependent magnetization and resistivity of TbMn2Si2 have been studied. Two first order magnetic transitions at Tc1 = 52 K and Tc2 = 64 K are observed in both the measurements. The rise in resistivity at Tc2 with decrease in temperature is attributed to large difference in the periodicity of magnetic and crystallographic lattice. Resistivity fits at low and relatively higher temperatures give good account of the data. These fits further suggest the role of spin fluctuations in the antiferromagnetic region. Magnetoresistance calculated from in-field resistivity data, up to 8 T, shows switching from positive to negative to positive values with temperature.

Calculi may form at any level in the urinary tract but mostly arises in the kidney (nephrolithiasis). People suffering from renal calculi entirely depend on the surgery although it is expensive, on the one hand, and may have complications, on the other hand. Hence, there is a need for alternative medicine (Homeopathy), as it avoids surgical intervention, complication, as well as cost-effectiveness. In Homeopathy, the basis of therapy is vital rather than a physiological one, i.e., the vital force must be stimulated to cure the patient, and that only other drug therapy is palliative or suppressive. The aim of the study is to know the efficacy of individualized homeopathic remedy in the dissolution or expulsion of calculus. A 23-year-old male patient came to the outpatient department, presented with pain in the right side of the lumbar region and hypochondrium for 4–5 days with difficulty in urination. Ultrasonography (USG) of the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder revealed two calculi in the right kidney, one at the upper pole (8 mm) and another one at lower pole (12 mm) calyx. Individualized homeopathic medicine Tuberculinum was prescribed in centesimal scale. USG revealed no calculus in the kidney, and serum urea and creatinine levels were found within normal limit. Therefore, it is concluded that constitutional medicine helped the patient in subsiding the pain, dissolution or expulsion of stone, and return of the natural state of the patient.

A national security policy focused on madrassas as a principal source of terrorism is misguided. A careful examination of the 79 terrorists responsible for five of the worst anti‐Western terrorist attacks in recent memory reveals that only in rare cases were madrassa graduates involved.

Iris recognition is highly stable, accurate and secure verification technology for biometric authentication. The main focus of this paper, obtain a good identification percentage based on human iris. Further the image is successfully recognized when some pixels are missing or image is distorted. In the paper, counter propagation neural network is used for iris recognition. The CPN is a combination of unsupervised and supervised learning. The recognition rate of the proposed network is 99.6 %. The experiments are performed on eleven datasets with 1215 images it gives 99.6 % accuracy. The Performance of the Counter propagation neural network is compared with the Daughman's method, Bole's and Wildes traditional method. The network gives 5 and 6.84 percentage improvement over Daughman methods and 1.19 & 3.33 percentage improvement over Wildes methods' for dataset A and dataset B respectively. The CPN method shows 4.22 & 6.89 percentage improvement over boles technique for two datasets respectively.