Search

OSMF (Oral submucous fibrosis) is seen in the oral cavity and depicts a precancerous condition marked by progressive submucosal tissue fibrosis with inflammatory components leading to trismus and rigidity in the oral cavity. OSMF remains a quandary for oral clinicians owing to less-defined classification criteria and evasive pathogenesis. The present clinical study was conducted to assess the practice, attitude, and knowledge of dental practitioners towards oral submucous fibrosis and its management. The present questionnaire-based clinical study included 520 participants who were assessed using the self-administered questionnaire given and explained to them. The questions in the questionnaire were formulated to assess the practice, attitude, and knowledge of dental practitioners towards oral submucous fibrosis. The collected data were assessed and the results were formed. The study results showed that among all the study participants, the majority of the participants were aware of betel quid being the most common etiology associated with OSMF and the commonly seen oral feature in OSMF subjects is blanching of the oral mucosa. Within its limitations, the present study concludes that oral health care practitioners have good knowledge concerning clinical features and diagnosis of OSMF. However, the knowledge among dental students about the OSMF management strategies was moderate.

Background: Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), periodontal diseases, and other inflammatory diseases and can be an effective biomarker for predicting future risks of periodontal diseases. Aims: The present trial was carried out to evaluate if CRP levels are lower in healthy and young individuals as compared to individuals with high body mass index (BMI), gingival index, and CVDs by assessing CRP levels in young and old individuals (more than 45 years). Materials and Methods: A total of 174 participants were recruited for the study and were divided into three following groups: Less than 45 years healthy participants (n = 124), more than 45 years healthy participants, and more 45-year-old participants with CVDs (n = 25). The collected data were subjected to the statistical analysis. Results: In Group I, females had a CRP level of 8476 ± 6.86 pg, females of Group II had a CRP value of 13,262 ± 3.76, and in females of Group III CRP value was 22,761 ± 6.24 pg. These values, respectively, for males were 8494 ± 7.68, 13,840 ± 4.82, and 13,839 ± 3.8. In smokers, the CRP values for Group I, II, and III were 29,012 ± 14.66, 12,568 ± 4.16, and 16,826 ± 3.42, respectively. Conclusion: CRP levels were higher in males as compared to females. Higher BMI was associated with higher values of CRP. The participants with higher BMI presented higher CRP values irrespective of age.

Drought is the most critical environmental factor across the continents affecting food security. Roots are the prime organs for water and nutrient uptake. Fine tuning between water uptake, efficient use and loss determines the genotypic response to water limitations. Targeted breeding for root system architecture needs to be explored to improve water use efficiency in legumes. Hence, the present study was designed to explore root system architecture in lentil germplasm in response to drought. A set of 119 lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes was screened in controlled conditions to assess the variability in root traits in relation to drought tolerance at seedling stage. We reported significant variation for different root traits in lentil germplasm. Total root length, surface area, root volume and root diameter were correlated to the survival and growth under drought. Among the studied genotypes, the stress tolerance index varied 0.19–1.0 for survival and 0.09–0.90 for biomass. Based on seedling survival and biomass under control and drought conditions, 11 drought tolerant genotypes were identified, which may be investigated further at a physiological and molecular level for the identification of the genes involved in drought tolerance. Identified lines may also be utilised in a lentil breeding program.

Embolization of arterial supply of tumor and pelvic metastatic tissue has been widely used as an elective modality as an adjunct to chemotherapy in the management of gynecological tumors. It can be a rescue life-saving procedure in heavily pouring masses and also treatment modality so as to reduce the size of mass by endovascular methods. This is specifically remarkable in cases where other measures of hemorrhage control fail or are inapplicable. Here we report the case of 27-year-old lady with vaginal metastasis of choriocarcinoma with uncontrollable bleeding that was managed by emergent embolization. Coil embolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries by transfemoral route was done to control bleeding from vaginal metastatic growth of choriocarcinoma, which was in close proximity to urethral orifice. Emergent embolization proved to be a successful rescue modality of bleeding control from vaginal metastatic lesion of choriocarcinoma. Embolization has an emergent and elective role of in the management of choriocarcinoma. Intervention radiology is of immense importance not only in regular elective cases, it also can be used as an emergent measure. If the process is expedited, and the avoidable delays are somehow overcome, it can be used for emergent control of gynecological hemorrhage.

Zooplankton are diverse in nature and they are found in almost all water bodies. The present study deals with the study of monthly changes of Zooplankton diversity and physico chemical parameters of Pampoo Pond of Madhupur, Jharkhand, India. Present study was carried out for a period of one-year from July 2019 to June 2020. Present study revealed 15 genera of Zooplankton from the fresh water pond belonging to the four groups namely Cladocera, Rotifera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. Among all four group maximum abundance of Cladocerans (34%) were observed. Five species of cladocerans, five species of copepods, three species of rotifers and two species of ostracods were observed. The population density order observed as cladocerans> copepods> rotifers> ostracods. Physico chemical parameters were analyzed as per methods described in APHA (1998) and was found under standard range. KEYWORDS: Zooplankton diversity, Physico chemical parameters, Pampoo Pond, water quality

Meta-analysis of transcripts in colon adenocarcinoma patient tissues led to the identification of a DNA damage responsive miR signature called DNA damage sensitive miRs (DDSMs). DDSMs were experimentally validated in the cancerous colon tissues obtained from an independent cohort of colon cancer patients and in multiple cellular systems with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. All the tested DDSMs were transcriptionally upregulated by a common intestine-specific transcription factor, CDX2. Reciprocally, DDSMs were repressed via the recruitment of HDAC1/2-containing complexes onto the CDX2 promoter. These miRs downregulated multiple key targets in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, namely BRCA1, ATM, Chk1 (also known as CHEK1) and RNF8. CDX2 directly regulated the DDSMs, which led to increased tumor volume and metastasis in multiple preclinical models. In colon cancer patient tissues, the DDSMs negatively correlated with BRCA1 levels, were associated with decreased probability of survival and thereby could be used as a prognostic biomarker. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p &lt, 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

Background: Recently, the caries management had shifted from extension for prevention to early detection and remineralization of remaining tooth structure using noninvasive techniques. Aim: The present trial was carried out to assess the effect of adding mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate as a surfactant to ceramic on remineralization of dentin. Materials and Methods: The 32 teeth were divided into the following four groups randomly (n = 8 each group) – Group I: cavities not restored, Group II: Restored with ceramic, Group III: restored with ceramic and 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate, and Group IV: restored with ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate. Knoop indenter microhardness tests were done at 10, 20, and 40 days. The surface was evaluated under scanning electron microscope. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation, and the results were formulated. Results: In ceramic restored (Group II), an increase in Knoop microhardness (KHN) values was seen at 10-, 20-, and 40-day assessment with the respective values of 102.2 ± 20.3, 118.7 ± 19.4, and 127 ± 15.1. Similarly, a constant increase at different assessments was observed for Groups III and IV with 2% and 5% of mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate with ceramic with a 40-day KHN value of 128.2 ± 21.4 for Group III and 113.5 ± 17.3 for Group IV. A statistically significant difference was seen between ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate (Group IV) with hardness values of 30.31%, 29.8%, and 21.78% for Groups II, III, and IV, respectively, at 20 days. Conclusion: The present study concludes that ceramic restorations are effective in promoting dentin remineralization. However, the addition of only 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate was beneficial, whereas 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate reduced the efficacy of ceramic on dentin remineralization.

Monitoring heavy metal pollution in agricultural ecosystems is crucial to ensure environmental safety. Heavy metals interfere with plants' biochemical characteristics, such as chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, and also influence leaves' spectral properties. Spectral changes caused by heavy metal stress can easily be measured using proximal sensing or in-field spectroscopy. This research utilizes a combined approach of biochemical and spectral characteristics to evaluate cotton crops' performance under different heavy metal (PbCd) stress after artificial contamination with the metal under study. A detailed study of spectroscopy and lab-based measurements for chlorophyll and heavy metal content during the crop's growth cycle revealed some significant findings. Results indicated that the chlorophyll pigments decreased significantly with increased heavy metal levels. Pb accumulation is high in cotton as compared to Cd. The most sensitive stage for the accumulation of Pb is the initial vegetative stage of cotton. The transfer factor from soil to plant was higher for Pb, indicating the feasibility of growing cotton in Pb-contaminated soil. The spectral measurement showed no characteristic changes in standard reflectance spectra due to heavy metal stress. Wavelet decomposition of reflectance spectra amplified the changes indicating Pb stress in cotton during the initial vegetative stage. The significant correlation of greater than - 0.70 between the reconstructed detail wavelet coefficients at the third level of the decomposition in the wavelength range of 651-742 nm suggested that Pb stress caused spectral changes in near-infrared and visible ranges in cotton plants. The effects of Cd stress on the cotton plant were negligible due to less absorption. Thus, detailed wavelet coefficients at the third level of decomposition in the range of 651-742 nm are a potential indicator of Pb stress. The results of this study can provide a basis for quantifying heavy metal stress in a particular region.

Mutations in mitochondrial replicative polymerase PolγA lead to progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). While PolγA is the known central player in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, it is unknown whether a regulatory process exists on the mitochondrial outer membrane which controlled its entry into the mitochondria. We now demonstrate that PolγA is ubiquitylated by mitochondrial E3 ligase, MITOL (or MARCH5, RNF153). Ubiquitylation in wild-type (WT) PolγA occurs at Lysine 1060 residue via K6 linkage. Ubiquitylation of PolγA negatively regulates its binding to Tom20 and thereby its mitochondrial entry. While screening different PEO patients for mitochondrial entry, we found that a subset of the PolγA mutants is hyperubiquitylated by MITOL and interact less with Tom20. These PolγA variants cannot enter into mitochondria, instead becomes enriched in the insoluble fraction and undergo enhanced degradation. Hence, mtDNA replication, as observed via BrdU incorporation into the mtDNA, was compromised in these PEO mutants. However, by manipulating their ubiquitylation status by 2 independent techniques, these PEO mutants were reactivated, which allowed the incorporation of BrdU into mtDNA. Thus, regulated entry of non-ubiquitylated PolγA may have beneficial consequences for certain PEO patients., This study shows that mitochondrial entry of the replicative polymerase PolgA is regulated by ubiquitylation by the E3 ligase MITOL; however, by manipulating their ubiquitylation status, some progressive external ophthalmoplegia mutants whose PolgA is polyubiquitylated and cannot enter the mitochondrion can be reactivated and hence become functionally active.

Modern dc distribution systems use Intermediate Bus Architecture (IBA) which have vast applications in electronics and telecommunication industries. This architecture fulfills the requirement of different levels of supply voltages used by the large variety of integrated circuits. It was found that when two dc-dc converters are connected together, it can introduce instabilities due to the interaction between them, though the individual converter is stable. Although the exact analysis methods considering the switching dynamics is available for stability analysis of interconnected converters, the complexity of the analysis increases as the number of converters increases which is common in IBA. To overcome this problem, an automated algorithm is developed to do the stability analysis of the interconnected converters using linear analysis techniques without considering the switching dynamics. The results are compared with that obtained through the exact analysis method, to show the extent of validity of the linear analysis. Generalized G-parameter model is obtained for the individual converter and stability condition is formed for overall system. The algorithm is automated in the sense that it takes (a) number and type of converters, (b) connection type, (c) control methods, and (d) parameters related to specifications as input and gives the required stable zone in any desired parameter spaces as output. The method is general for application in more complex system e.g., dc, ac or hybrid microgrids.

Everyone in this world needed to know where is the family member and the most common way is Make A Call To Each One Is this a feasible way of doing What if someone is busy, or driving a vehicle, or he she not able to take that call right now, so in that case what will you do drop a message WhatsAPP is this what you thinking about then again think about it. You call a person he she not taking your call then you drop a message to theme again NO REPLY but you desperately want to know his her current location and you again and again call him or message but many times we are in some situation in which we are not able to reply that call message and we also think that the person should know where am i. Today many people have smartphone running latest android operating system which can be useful to track them and to know their locations. In contrast to traditional solutions, where the calling to the person and asking for their locations is not a feasible and reliable solution. Aim of this application is to track the members by person sitting at home. This paper presents solution to track the locations and communicate with the members using Google MAPs API, GCM Google Cloud Messaging and Android Operating System. G. Sunderesh Kumar | M. Gokulnath | S. Priya "Location tracking using Google Cloud Messaging on Android" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10925.pdf

Blockchain is a trending topic to explore after the popularity of Bitcoin. Bitcoin can be defined as a digital currency, mainly developed to speed up transactions and to reduce third-party control over any transaction. Blockchain is the underlying technology that is responsible for maintaining the bitcoin transaction ledger. It can be defined as a chain of blocks such that each block holds some information. The information stored is dependent on the type of blockchain and can be referred to as a digital signature. The digital signature of the next block is based on the digital signature of the current block and the digital signature of the next block is based on the previous block signature. Blockchain is a fast-evolving technology that is eventually replacing the current transaction management system. The problems that are being faced by the current transaction system such as the transaction costs, crisis and crashes due to depression and fractional reserve banking, blockchain helps to solve these issues. Blockchain is not limited to the transaction system and can be used in other fields also. The property fraudulent cases are becoming very common these days, the reason being centralized control and no public access to data and absence of a system to cross-check the property for which transaction is being made. In this paper, we focus to discuss on issues like centralized control, how the blockchain technology will benefit and help to overcome the issues in any kind of property fraud cases and what are the major challenges to this technology implementation.

Introduction: Dengue is an arboviral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes with incidence of 50 to 100 million infections annually worldwide. Since no effective vaccine for Dengue is commercially available as of now, vector control programmes are of utmost importance in controlling the disease for which assessment of community participation is crucial. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Dengue among the outpatients and accompanying persons attending three Primary Health Centres in Coimbatore and to compare the knowledge scores between subjects based on their educational qualification. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional communitybased study conducted among 300 subjects within the age group of 18 to 75 years. The study was questionnaire-based and was conducted among the outpatients and accompanying persons visiting three primary health centres in the city within one month. The questionnaire had 20 questions (15 on knowledge, four on attitude and one on practices). Knowledge was scored from 0 to 23 and comparison of results were done between two groups (subjects who had studied below class 10 and subjects who had studied above class 10). Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 20.0 and independent t-test. The p-value

Background: Prevention of the debris from extruding to the periapical region is an important aspect to be taken care of as its extrusion can result in pain, periapical inflammation, and delayed healing owing to the presence of highly infective components in the debris. Aim: The present trial was aimed to compare and assess the amount of debris extruded apically using the single-file reciprocating system - WaveOne GOLD and single file rotary system - OneShape in root canal preparations in vitro. Materials and Methods: Thirty mandibular premolars were divided into two groups (15 samples each) prepared with a single-file reciprocating system - WaveOne GOLD and single-file rotary system - OneShape. Debris extruded was collected and then stored in an incubator. The final weight was calculated after obtaining the mean of three consecutive weights obtained for each tooth. The data were compared using the ANOVA and Turkey's post hoc analysis. Results: Debris extrusions were recorded in both groups and analysis revealed statistical differences in weight before and after the instrumentation procedures in both groups. When compared, reciprocating single file – WaveOne GOLD extruded more debris than rotary single file system – OneShape with a P < 0.001. Conclusions: The rotary instrumentation systems extrude lesser debris apically than the reciprocating instrumentation system. The difference found was statistically significant.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an efficient control algorithm for the stabilization of an inverted pendulum. A novel stochastic optimization technique namely whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is employed to search the optimum settings of proportional-integral-derivative controller with derivative filter (PIDF). The proposed WOA mimics bubble net hunting mechanism of humpback whales in nature. The main advantage of this algorithm is that only population size and maximum iteration count are required for its operation. Logarithmic approximation and time-moments have been adopted to formulate the reduced order model (ROM) of inverted pendulum. The results presented in this paper clearly show that proposed control algorithm with ROM exhibit satisfactory outputs and effectively increases the stability margin of inverted pendulum.

Mutations in BLM in Bloom Syndrome patients predispose them to multiple types of cancers. Here we report that BLM is recruited in a biphasic manner to annotated DSBs. BLM recruitment is dependent on the presence of NBS1, MRE11 and ATM. While ATM activity is essential for BLM recruitment in early phase, it is dispensable in late phase when MRE11 exonuclease activity and RNF8-mediated ubiquitylation of BLM are the key determinants. Interaction between polyubiquitylated BLM and NBS1 is essential for the helicase to be retained at the DSBs. The helicase activity of BLM is required for the recruitment of HR and c-NHEJ factors onto the chromatin in S- and G1-phase, respectively. During the repair phase, BLM inhibits HR in S-phase and c-NHEJ in G1-phase. Consequently, inhibition of helicase activity of BLM enhances the rate of DNA alterations. Thus BLM utilizes its pro- and anti-repair functions to maintain genome stability., Bloom helicase is recruited to double strand breaks in an ATM dependent manner. Here the authors show that Bloom helicase is recruited to double strand breaks in an ATM and MRN dependent manner with HR and NHEJ regulated by the helicase depending on the phase of the cell cycle.

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Indian women, accounting for about 1,320,000 new cases each year and 73,000 deaths per year. It has a long preinvasive stage and so screening strategies are effective in decreasing the morbidity and mortality associated with cervical malignancy. Visual screening methods are important screening modalities for low resource countries as they require minimum infrastructure and manpower. These methods can also be used to facilitate “see and treat” protocols especially in populations with poor compliance.

Despite cervical cancer marking its place at top after breast cancer, the knowledge regarding cervical cancer is limited in women population. The knowledge regarding major cause of cervical cancer, the signs and symptoms, the screening Methods are not well known in developing countries when compared to developed countries. Women's are not aware of the various screening Methods available for detecting precancerous lesions. Cervical cancer if found at earlier stages can be cured but cervical cancer has no signs and symptoms at the initial stages. Regular screening practice helps in identifying the abnormal changes in the cervix thereby preventing the distant metastasis and invasion of cancer to other organs like bladder. Though, globally Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccines are made available for reducing the burden of cervical cancer in women, the proportion of people vaccinated are less. Knowledge regarding cervical cancer, various screening Methods and HPV vaccination needs to be provided to women in a greater extent.

Mutations in Bloom helicase (BLM) lead to Bloom Syndrome (BS). BS is characterized by multiple clinical manifestations including predisposition to a wide spectrum of cancers. Studies have revealed the mechanism of BLM recruitment after stalled replication and its role during the repair of DNA damage. We now provide evidence that BLM undergoes K48-linked ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation during mitosis due to the E3 ligase, Fbw7α. Fbw7α carries out its function after GSK3β- and CDK2/cyclin A2-dependent phosphorylation events on Thr171 and Ser175 of BLM which lies within a well-defined phosphodegron, a sequence which is conserved in all primates. Phosphorylation on BLM Thr171 and Ser175 depends on prior phosphorylation at Thr182 by Chk1/Chk2. Thr182 phosphorylation not only controls BLM ubiquitylation and degradation during mitosis but is also a determinant for its localization on the ultrafine bridges. Consequently lack of Thr182 phosphorylation leads to multiple manifestations of chromosomal instability including increased levels of DNA damage, lagging chromatin, micronuclei formation, breaks and quadriradials. Hence Thr182 phosphorylation on BLM has two functions-it regulates BLM turnover during mitosis and also helps to maintain the chromosomal stability.