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We study complete, simply-connected manifolds with special holonomy that are toric with respect to their multi-moment maps. We consider the cases where there is a connected non-Abelian symmetry group containing the torus. For $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$-manifolds, we show that the only possibility are structures with a cohomogeneity-two action of $T^{3} \times \mathrm{SU}(2)$. We then specialise the analysis to holonomy $G_{2}$, to Calabi-Yau geometries in real dimension six and to hyperK\"ahler four-manifolds. Finally, we consider weakly coherent triples on $\mathbb{R} \times \mathrm{SU}(2)$, and their extensions over singular orbits, to give local examples in the $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$-case that have singular orbits where the stabiliser is of rank one., Comment: 19 pages

We classify hyperbolic polynomials in two real variables that admit a transitive action on some component of their hyperbolic level sets. Such surfaces are called special homogeneous surfaces, and they are equipped with a natural Riemannian metric obtained by restricting the negative Hessian of their defining polynomial. Independent of the degree of the polynomials, there exist a finite number of special homogeneous surfaces. They are either flat, or have constant negative curvature., Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures

It has been conjectured by Fino and Vezzoni that a compact complex manifold admitting both a compatible SKT and a compatible balanced metric also admits a compatible K\"ahler metric. Using the shear construction and classification results for two-step solvable SKT Lie algebras from our previous work, we prove this conjecture for compact two-step solvmanifolds endowed with an invariant complex structure which is either (a) of pure type or (b) of dimension six. In contrast, we provide two counterexamples for a natural generalisation of this conjecture in the homogeneous invariant setting. As part of the work, we obtain further classification results for invariant SKT, balanced and K\"ahler structures on two-step solvable Lie groups. In particular, we give the full classification of left-invariant SKT structures on two-step solvable Lie groups in dimension six., Comment: 25 pages; comments are welcome

We use the shear construction to construct and classify a wide range of two-step solvable Lie groups admitting a left-invariant SKT structure. We reduce this to a specification of SKT shear data on Abelian Lie algebras, and which then is studied more deeply in different cases. We obtain classifications and structure results for $\mathfrak{g}$ almost Abelian, for derived algebra $\mathfrak{g}'$ of codimension 2 and not $J$-invariant, for $\mathfrak{g}'$ totally real, and for $\mathfrak{g}'$ of dimension at most 2. This leads to a large part of the full classification for two-step solvable SKT algebras of dimension six., Comment: 34 pages; comments are welcome

We study the projective special Kaehler condition on groups, providing an intrinsic definition of homogeneous projective special Kaehler that includes the previously known examples. We give intrinsic defining equations that may be used without resorting to computations in the special cone, and emphasise certain associated integrability equations. The definition is shown to have the property that the image of such structures under the c-map is necessarily a left-invariant quaternionic Kaehler structure on a Lie group., Comment: 17 pages

We study $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$-manifolds with an effective multi-Hamiltonian action of a four-torus. On an open dense set, we provide a Gibbons-Hawking type ansatz that describes such geometries in terms of a symmetric $4\times4$-matrix of functions. This description leads to the first known $\mathrm{Spin}(7)$-manifolds with a rank $4$ symmetry group and full holonomy. We also show that the multi-moment map exhibits the full orbit space topologically as a smooth four-manifold, containing a trivalent graph in $\mathbb{R}^4$ as the image of the set of the special orbits., Comment: 14 pages. This article builds on arXiv:1803.06646 applying the techniques to a new situation

We consider nearly K\"ahler 6-manifolds with effective 2-torus symmetry. The multi-moment map for the $T^2$-action becomes an eigenfunction of the Laplace operator. At regular values, we prove the $T^2$-action is necessarily free on the level sets and determines the geometry of three-dimensional quotients. An inverse construction is given locally producing nearly K\"ahler six-manifolds from three-dimensional data. This is illustrated for structures on the Heisenberg group., Comment: 13 pages

We consider $G_2$-manifolds with an effective torus action that is multi-Hamiltonian for one or more of the defining forms. The case of $T^3$-actions is found to be distinguished. For such actions multi-Hamiltonian with respect to both the three- and four-form, we derive a Gibbons-Hawking type ansatz giving the geometry on an open dense set in terms a symmetric $3\times 3$-matrix of functions. This leads to particularly simple examples of explicit metrics with holonomy equal to $G_2$. We prove that the multi-moment maps exhibit the full orbit space topologically as a smooth four-manifold containing a trivalent graph as the image of the set of special orbits and describe these graphs in some complete examples., Comment: 33 pages; improved version of Q operator, typos corrected

The twist construction is a method to build new interesting examples of geometric structures with torus symmetry from well-known ones. In fact it can be used to construct arbitrary nilmanifolds from tori. In our previous paper, we presented a generalization of the twist, a shear construction of rank one, which allowed us to build certain solvable Lie algebras from $\mathbb{R}^n$ via several shears. Here, we define the higher rank version of this shear construction using vector bundles with flat connections instead of group actions. We show that this produces any solvable Lie algebra from $\mathbb{R}^n$ by a succession of shears. We give examples of the shear and discuss in detail how one can obtain certain geometric structures (calibrated $\mathrm{G}_2$, co-calibrated $\mathrm{G}_2$ and almost semi-K\"ahler) on two-step solvable Lie algebras by shearing almost Abelian Lie algebras. This discussion yields a classification of calibrated $\mathrm{G}_2$-structures on Lie algebras of the form $(\mathfrak{h}_3\oplus \mathbb{R}^3)\rtimes \mathbb{R}$., Comment: 28 pages

We discuss various aspects of moment map geometry in symplectic and hyperK\"ahler geometry. In particular, we classify complete hyperK\"ahler manifolds of dimension $4n$ with a tri-Hamiltonian action of a torus of dimension $n$, without any assumption on the finiteness of the Betti numbers. As a result we find that the hyperK\"ahler moment in these cases has connected fibres, a property that is true for symplectic moment maps, and is surjective. New examples of hypertoric manifolds of infinite topological type are produced. We provide examples of non-Abelian tri-Hamiltonian group actions of connected groups on complete hyperK\"ahler manifolds such that the hyperK\"ahler moment map is not surjective and has some fibres that are not connected. We also discuss relationships to symplectic cuts, hyperK\"ahler modifications and implosion constructions., Comment: 21 pages

The twist construction is a geometric T-duality that produces new manifolds from old, works well with for example hypercomplex structures and is easily inverted. It tends to destroy properties such as the hyperK\"ahler condition. On the other hand modifications preserve the hyperK\"ahler property, but do not have an obvious inversion. In this paper we show how elementary deformations provide a link between the two constructions, and use the twist construction to build hyperK\"ahler and strong HKT structures. In the process, we provide a full classification of complete hyperK\"ahler four-manifolds with tri-Hamiltonian symmetry and study a number singular phenomena in detail., Comment: 28 pages

The twist construction is a geometric model of T-duality that includes constructions of nilmanifolds from tori. This paper shows how one-dimensional foliations on manifolds may be used in a shear construction, which in algebraic form builds certain solvable Lie groups from Abelian ones. We discuss other examples of geometric structures that may be obtained from the shear construction., Comment: 10 pages

We review the quiver descriptions of symplectic and hyperk\"ahler implosion in the case of SU(n) actions. We give quiver descriptions of symplectic implosion for other classical groups, and discuss some of the issues involved in obtaining a similar description for hyperk\"ahler implosion., Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the 2013 Arbeitstagung in memory of Friedrich Hirzebruch

The hyperK\"ahler-quaternionic K\"ahler correspondence constructs quaternionic K\"ahler metrics from hyperK\"ahler metrics with a rotating circle symmetry. We discuss how this may be interpreted as a combination of the twist construction with the concept of elementary deformation, surveying results of our forthcoming paper. We outline how this leads to a uniqueness statement for the above correspondence and indicate how basic examples of c-map constructions may be realised in this context., Comment: 8 pages, references corrected

We discuss the geometry of the c-map from projective special K\"ahler to quaternionic K\"ahler manifolds using the twist construction to provide a global approach to Hitchin's description. As found by Alexandrov et al. and Alekseevsky et al. this is related to the quaternionic flip of Haydys. We prove uniqueness statements for several steps of the construction. In particular, we show that given a hyperK\"ahler manifold with a rotating symmetry, there is essentially only a one parameter degree of freedom in constructing a quaternionic K\"ahler manifold of the same dimension. We demonstrate how examples on group manifolds arise from this picture., Comment: 34 pages, references corrected

We study the class of non-degenerate homogeneous structures of linear type in the pseudo-K\"ahler, para-K\"ahler, pseudo-quaternion K\"ahler and para-quaternion K\"ahler cases. We show that these structures characterize spaces of constant holomorphic, para-holomorphic, quaternion and para-quaternion sectional curvature respectively. In addition the corresponding homogeneous models are computed, exhibiting the relation between these kind of structures and the incompleteness of the metric., Comment: 29 pages

We study the geometry of the twistor space of the universal hyperkaehler implosion Q for SU(n). Using the description of Q as a hyperkaehler quiver variety, we construct a holomorphic map from the twistor space Z_Q of Q to a complex vector bundle over P^1, and an associated map of Q to the affine space R of the bundle's holomorphic sections. The map from Q to R is shown to be injective and equivariant for the action of SU(n) x T^{n-1} x SU(2). Both maps, from Q and from Z_Q, are described in detail for n=2 and n=3. We explain how the maps are built from the fundamental irreducible representations of SU(n) and the hypertoric variety associated to the hyperplane arrangement given by the root planes in the Lie algebra of the maximal torus. This indicates that the constructions might extend to universal hyperkaehler implosions for other compact groups., Comment: 40 pages, has now appeared in J. Differential Geom

The geometry of the universal hyperKaehler implosion for SU(n) is explored. In particular, we show that the universal hyperKaehler implosion naturally contains a hypertoric variety described in terms of quivers. Furthermore, we discuss a gauge theoretic approach to hyperKaehler implosion., Comment: 39 pages

We explicitly describe all SO(7)-invariant almost quaternion-Hermitian structures on the twistor space of the six sphere and determine the types of their intrinsic torsion., Comment: 8 pages

We introduce an analogue in hyperkahler geometry of the symplectic implosion, in the case of SU(n) actions. Our space is a stratified hyperkahler space which can be defined in terms of quiver diagrams. It also has a description as a non-reductive geometric invariant theory quotient., Comment: 48 pages

We describe the holonomy algebras of all canonical connections of homogeneous structures on real hyperbolic spaces in all dimensions. The structural results obtained then lead to a determination of the types, in the sense of Tricerri and Vanhecke, of the corresponding homogeneous tensors. We use our analysis to show that the moduli space of homogeneous structures on real hyperbolic space has two connected components., Comment: 13 pages

We extend the notion of multi-moment map to geometries defined by closed forms of arbitrary degree. We give fundamental existence and uniqueness results and discuss a number of essential examples, including geometries related to special holonomy. For forms of degree four, multi-moment maps are guaranteed to exist and are unique when the symmetry group is (3,4)-trivial, meaning that the group is connected and the third and fourth Lie algebra Betti numbers vanish. We give a structural description of some classes of (3,4)-trivial algebras and provide a number of examples., Comment: 36 pages

We introduce a notion of moment map adapted to actions of Lie groups that preserve a closed three-form. We show existence of our multi-moment maps in many circumstances, including mild topological assumptions on the underlying manifold. Such maps are also shown to exist for all groups whose second and third Lie algebra Betti numbers are zero. We show that these form a special class of solvable Lie groups and provide a structural characterisation. We provide many examples of multi-moment maps for different geometries and use them to describe manifolds with holonomy contained in G_2 preserved by a two-torus symmetry in terms of tri-symplectic geometry of four-manifolds., Comment: 27 pages

For geometries with a closed three-form we briefly overview the notion of multi-moment maps. We then give concrete examples of multi-moment maps for homogeneous hypercomplex and nearly Kaehler manifolds. A special role in the theory is played by Lie algebras with second and third Betti numbers equal to zero. These we call (2,3)-trivial. We provide a number of examples of such algebras including a complete list in dimensions up to and including five.

We discuss a general framework for cutting constructions and reinterpret in this setting the work on non-Abelian symplectic cuts by Weitsman. We then introduce two analogous non-Abelian modification constructions for hyperk\"ahler manifolds: one modifies the topology significantly, the other gives metric deformations. We highlight ways in which the geometry of moment maps for non-Abelian hyperk\"ahler actions differs from the Abelian case and from the non-Abelian symplectic case., Comment: 16 pages

A strong KT (SKT) manifold consists of a Hermitian structure whose torsion three-form is closed. We classify the invariant SKT structures on four-dimensional solvable Lie groups. The classification includes solutions on groups that do not admit compact four-dimensional quotients. It also shows that there are solvable groups in dimension four that admit invariant complex structures but have no invariant SKT structure., Comment: 17 pages

A twist construction for manifolds with torus action is described generalising certain T-duality examples and constructions in hypercomplex geometry. It is applied to complex, SKT, hypercomplex and HKT manifolds to construct compact simply-connected examples. In particular, we find hypercomplex manifolds that admit no compatible HKT metric, and HKT manifolds whose Obata connection has holonomy contained in $SL(n,\mathbb H)$., Comment: 27 pages

We study the decomposition of the Riemannian curvature R tensor of an almost quaternion-Hermitian manifold under the action of its structure group Sp(n)Sp(1). Using the minimal connection, we show that most components are determined by the intrinsic torsion \xi and its covariant derivative \widetilde\nabla\xi and determine relations between the decompositions of \xi\otimes\xi, \widetilde\nabla\xi and R. We pay particular attention to the behaviour of the Ricci curvature and the q-Ricci curvature., Comment: 40 pages

We study the intrinsic torsion of almost quaternion-Hermitian manifolds via the exterior algebra. In particular, we show how it is determined by particular three-forms formed from simple combinations of the exterior derivatives of the local Kaehler forms. This gives a practical method to compute the intrinsic torsion and is applied in a number of examples. In addition we find simple characterisations of HKT and QKT geometries entirely in the exterior algebra and compute how the intrinsic torsion changes under a twist construction., Comment: 38 pages

A construction is introduced for modifying hyperkaehler manifolds with tri-Hamiltonian circle action, that in favourable situations increases the second Betti number by one. This is based on the symplectic cut construction of Lerman. In 4 or 8 dimensions the construction may be interpreted as adding a D6-brane. A number of examples are given and generalisations to three-Sasaki and hypersymplectic geometry discussed., Comment: 17 pages

We study the curvature of almost Hermitian manifolds and their special analogues via intrinsic torsion and representation theory. By deriving different forumlae for the skew-symmetric part of the star-Ricci curvature, we find that some of these contributions are dependent on the approach used, and for the almost Hermitian case we obtain tables that differ from those of Falcitelli, Farinola and Salamon. We show how the exterior algebra may used to explain some of these variations., Comment: 20 pages

The equations for a G_2-structure with torsion on a product M^7 = N^6 x S^1 are studied in relation to the induced SU(3)-structure on N^6. All solutions are found in the case when the Lee-form of the G_2-structure is non-zero and N^6 is a six-dimensional nilmanifold with half-integrable SU(3)-structure. Special properties of the torsion of these solutions are discussed., Comment: 24 pages

We study the hypersymplectic spaces obtained as quotients of flat hypersymplectic space R^{4d} by the action of a compact Abelian group. These 4n-dimensional quotients carry a multi-Hamilitonian action of an n-torus. The image of the hypersymplectic moment map for this torus action may be described by a configuration of solid cones in R^{3n}. We give precise conditions for smoothness and non-degeneracy of such quotients and show how some properties of the quotient geometry and topology are constrained by the combinatorics of the cone configurations. Examples are studied, including non-trivial structures on R^{4n} and metrics on complements of hypersurfaces in compact manifolds., Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures, small linguistic corrections

We prove that locally any hyper-K\"ahler metric with torsion admits an HKT potential., Comment: 9 pages

Gray & Hervella gave a classification of almost Hermitian structures (g,I) into 16 classes. We systematically study the interaction between these classes when one has an almost hyper-Hermitian structure (g,I,J,K). In general dimension we find at most 167 different almost hyper-Hermitian structures. In particular, we obtain a number of relations that give hyperK\"aher or locally conformal hyperK\"ahler structures, thus generalising a result of Hitchin. We also study the types of almost quaternion-Hermitian geometries that arise and tabulate the results., Comment: 22 pages, 5 tables

The classification of Riemannian manifolds by the holonomy group of their Levi-Civita connection picks out many interesting classes of structures, several of which are solutions to the Einstein equations. The classification has two parts. The first consists of isolated examples: the Riemannian symmetric spaces. The second consists of geometries that can occur in continuous families: these include the Calabi-Yau structures and Joyce manifolds of string theory. One may ask how one can weaken the definitions and still obtain similar classifications. We present two closely related suggestions. The classifications for these give isolated examples that are isotropy irreducible spaces, and known families that are the nearly K\"ahler manifolds in dimension 6 and Gray's weak holonomy G$_2$ structures in dimension 7., Comment: 24 pages

It is shown that an HKT-space with closed parallel potential 1-form has $D(2,1;-1)$-symmetry. Every locally conformally hyperk\"ahler manifold generates this type of geometry. The HKT-spaces with closed parallel potential 1-form arising in this way are characterized by their symmetries and an inhomogeneous cubic condition on their torsion., Comment: 16 pages, Latex, no figures

The geometry arising from Michelson & Strominger's study of N=4B supersymmetric quantum mechanics with superconformal D(2,1;alpha)-symmetry is a hyperKaehler manifold with torsion (HKT) together with a special homothety. It is shown that different parameters alpha are related via changes in potentials for the HKT target spaces. For alpha not 0 or -1, we describe how each such HKT 4m-manifold M is derived from a space N of dimension 4m-4 which is quaternionic Kaehler with torsion and carries an Abelian instanton., Comment: 16 pages

G2-manifolds with a cohomogeneity-one action of a compact Lie group G are studied. For G simple, all solutions with holonomy G2 and weak holonomy G2 are classified. The holonomy G2 solutions are necessarily Ricci-flat and there is a one-parameter family with SU(3)-symmetry. The weak holonomy G2 solutions are Einstein of positive scalar curvature and are uniquely determined by the simple symmetry group. During the proof the equations for G2-symplectic and G2-cosymplectic structures are studied and the topological types of the manifolds admitting such structures are determined. New examples of compact G2-cosymplectic manifolds and complete G2-symplectic structures are found., Comment: 23 pages

A hyperK\"ahler potential is a function rho that is a K\"ahler potential for each complex structure compatible with the hyperK\"ahler structure. Nilpotent orbits in a complex simple Lie algebra are known to carry hyperK\"ahler metrics admitting such potentials. In this paper, we explicitly calculate the hyperK\"ahler potential when the orbit is of cohomogeneity two. In some cases, we find that this structure lies in a one-parameter family of hyperK\"ahler metrics with K\"ahler potentials, generalising the Eguchi-Hanson metrics in dimension four., Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX with AMS macros

It is known that nilpotent orbits in a complex simple Lie algebra admit hyperK\"ahler metrics with a single function that is a global potential for each of the K\"ahler structures (a hyperK\"ahler potential). In an earlier paper the authors showed that nilpotent orbits in classical Lie algebras can be constructed as finite-dimensional hyperK\"ahler quotient of a flat vector space. This paper uses that quotient construction to compute hyperK\"ahler potentials explicitly for orbits of elements with small Jordan blocks. It is seen that the K\"ahler potentials of Biquard and Gauduchon for SL(n)-orbits of elements with X^2=0, are in fact hyperK\"ahler potentials., Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX with AMS macros

Let G be a compact simple Lie group and the O the minimal nilpotent orbit in g^C. We determine all G-invariant K\"ahler potentials for hyperK\"ahler metrics compatible with the KKS complex symplectic form on O., Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX with AMS macros