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The article addresses the reception of J.-B. Moliere’s comedy “The Misanthrope” (1666) by the Russian literary critics of the 20th century, reflected in monographs, academic publications, textbook, articles and the scientific apparatus to the complete works of the great French playwright. The reason of this persistent interest to this play is determined by two essential factors: its ambiguity and its influence on A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”. The author of the article traces the transformation of the researchers’ evaluations, ranging from the pre-revolutionary period and up to the latest reviews. It is stated that the reception of “The Misanthrope” can be generally traced back to the ideas of A. N. Veselovsky, the founder of the Russian studies of Moliere. Having been perceived controversially by the closest followers of the scientist, they became ideological in the works of the Soviet researchers of the 1930–1940s, then they were in the focus of attention of the literary critics of the middle of the century and were further developed in the studies of the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries. Addressing “The Misanthrope”, the Russian researchers of the French literature of the 17th century focus on the distinguishing features of the comic, on the biographical basis of the play, on the system of images, prototypes of the main character and the essence of his conflict with the society. They invariably concentrate on the issue of the author’s viewpoint, and on the question of who Moliere sides with – Alceste or Philinte. The carried-out analysis shows that the research thought has changed from the biographical, social and political interpretation of the comedy “The Misanthrope” to refocusing on ethical issues. It appears that, despite the importance of all of these aspects, clearly significant for the comprehension of the play, a cultural studies approach, characteristic for the French literary studies and based on the most recent studies of the gallant epoch, will facilitate a more sensible perception of the play.

The subject of the study is the socio-economic system "innovative development of region - quality of life of the population". The aim of the work is to identify the degree of relationship between the innovative development and the standards of living of the population in regions. The study is based on the application of standard methods of data collection and processing, correlation analysis and rating assessment. Official data from statistical collections and official sources of rating assessments of the quality of life and innovative development of regions were used as an information base. The analysis and evaluation were carried out on the example of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The results of the rating assessment by the value of the Russian Regional Innovation Index (RRII) showed the leading positions of Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai and the Buryatia Republic. The average value of RRII in the Far Eastern Federal District is almost 2 times less than that of the leader — Moscow and is generally characterized by a low level of innovative development. According to the latest data of the Human Development Index (HDI) rating, Russia ranks 52nd among other countries of the world. The results of a comparative assessment of the subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District with the HDI levels of other countries are presented in the article. It was found out that three leaders (Sakhalin Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Kamchatka Krai) have higher values of the Quality of Life Index (QLI) than in Russia as a whole, and six regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are characterized by an average level of the quality of life of the population. The results of the correlation analysis showed a moderate degree of relationship between the RRI and the QLI, that allows us to use standard regression formulas for modeling predictive estimates of the impact of innovative development on improving the level and quality of life of the population in regions.

The article presents a review of a three-day conference session “French lectures: teachers and students” (“Lectures françaises: maîtres et disciples”) as part of the 50th International scientific philological anniversary conference named after L. A. Verbitskaya, which took place on March 15–23, 2022, at St. Petersburg State University. The work of this session was dedicated to the memory of its founder, Tatyana Solomonovna Taymanova (1954–2020), who made a significant contribution to the development of the Russian and French literary and intellectual ties. This year the format of the “French lectures” has been transformed in order to expand the chronological framework and specify the theme range, which will be annually updated, according to the organizers’ design. The topic of the past breakout session – “Teachers and students” – focused the scientific discussion on the issue of the continuity of the ideas of writers, philosophers, literary scholars, on the impact of the poetics of one author on the oeuvre of others, on the reception of works in different types of art and national cultures. The presentations of the Russian and foreign participants addressed a wide range of works from the Middle Ages to the 21st century, various genres (fairy-tale, essay, novel, epistolary, autobiography, travelogue, comics), classical and modern French authors (J.-B. Moliere, Ch. Montesquieu, G. Sand, M. Proust, P. Claudel, Ch. Peguy, G. Perec, C. Laurens, Shan Sa, etc.), the reception and influence of the Russian writers and thinkers in France (F. M. Dostoyevsky, N. A. Berdyaev, A. S. Lappo-Danilevsky, M. I. Tsvetaeva), traditional and new approaches to the analysis of a literary text. “French lectures – 2022” have confirmed their status of an outstanding platform which promotes strengthening the scientific relationships and Russian and French interaction.

The subject of this work is oxide potassium-titanium bronzes. The purpose of the work: to establish the relationship between the dispersion of samples of oxide potassium-titanium bronze and its physicochemical properties. Synthesis methods: self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), mechanosynthesis. Research methods used in the work: X-ray phase analysis (XRF), optical method for determining particle size, four-probe method for determining electrical conductivity, thermal analysis, method for determining chemical resistance. Results of the study: particle sizes were determined, which are 400, 200 and 40 nm. The work is devoted to the study of the influence of fineness on the structure and physicochemical properties of compounds of variable composition on the example of titanium oxide bronzes. A nanocrystalline sample of oxide potassium-titanium bronze was obtained by mechanosynthesis, coarse powders were obtained by SHS. The obtained samples were identified by X-ray phase analysis. The optical method of analysis determined the particle sizes, which are 400, 200 and 40 nm. It has been established that nanocrystalline samples of oxide potassium-titanium bronze are less resistant to aggressive media. Reducing the particle size does not affect the thermal stability. In the transition to nanoscale, the specific electrical conductivity increases by 1.5 times and amounts to 0,076 Ohm-1cm-1. The volume density of defects in the nanocrystalline structure of oxide potassium-titanium bronze is calculated, which is 1013 cm-2.

The author of the article examines Molière’s comedy The Misanthrope (1666) within the context of the 17th century courtly and salon culture, where the idea of “honnête homme” was one of the most significant. Under Louis XIV, gallantry became a norm for aristocracy following its defeat in the Fronde, which marked the loss of aristocracy’s political independence. The article shows how the rise of gallantry influenced “the honnête homme” ideal and how Molière’s reflections on transformations of this modes of behavior guide the objects and nature of his comedy. The article reveals the ambiguity in the play’s content and in the central character with review of the space, the plot, and characters of The Misanthrope in the light of “the honnêteté” concept. Molière, though not questioning the ethical basis of the concept and generally sharing the court standard of behavior, nevertheless by means of irony and mockery shows how easily “the art to please”, cultivated in the gallant society, turns into hypocrisy, deception, complicity in vice. The Misanthrope is the evidence of the fact that in the second half of the 17th century gallant aesthetics was winning over the ethics of “honnête homme”, which in its turn was gradually fading out.

Among seven species of the order Eulipotyphla (from southern Gansu and northern Sichuan Provinces, Central China) studied cytogenetically, karyotypes of one talpid species, Uropsilus aff. soricipes (2n = 36, NFa = 54), and three soricid species, Chodsigoa hypsibia (2n = 65, NFa = 66), Sorex cansulus (2n = 42, NFa = 64) and Sorex thibetanus (2n = 42, NFa = 60), are described cytogenetically for the first time. All four species are endemic to China with distribution ranges restricted to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent mountain ranges. The Ch. hypsibia karyotype consists of mostly acrocentric autosomes and one metacentric pair of autosomes; besides, a B chromosome was identified. No polymorphism was detected among karyotypes of other species, including shrews Sorex bedfordiae (2n = 26, NFa = 44), Anourosorex squamipes (2n = 48, NFa = 92) and Crocidura suaveolens (2n = 40, NFa = 44). The Chinese shrew mole U. aff. soricipes and three shrew species (S. bedfordiae, Ch. hypsibia and A. squamipes) represent autochthonous fauna of Central/Western China, whereas S. thibetanus, S. cansulus and C. suaveolens belong to phylogenetic groups occurring mostly to the north and west from China; therefore, they should be considered relatively recent colonisers. Thus, considering the relationships of the species within phylogenetic groups, our results on karyotypes are in good agreement with molecular genetic data.

Conventional approaches for studying and molecular typing of tumors include PCR, blotting, omics, immunocytochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. The last two methods are the most used, as they enable detecting both tumor protein markers and their localizations within the cells. In this study, we have investigated a possibility of using RNA aptamers, in particular, 2′-F-pyrimidyl-RNA aptamer ME07 (48 nucleotides long), specific to the receptor of epidermal growth factor (EGFR, ErbB1, Her1), as an alternative to monoclonal antibodies for aptacytochemistry and aptahistochemistry for human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A specificity of binding of FAM-ME07 to the receptor on the tumor cells has been demonstrated by flow cytometry; an apparent dissociation constant for the complex of aptamer – EGFR on the cell has been determined; a number of EGFR molecules has been semi-quantitatively estimated for the tumor cell lines having different amount of EGFR: A431 (106 copies per cell), U87 (104 copies per cell), MCF7 (103 copies per cell), and ROZH, primary GBM cell culture derived from patient (104 copies per cell). According to fluorescence microscopy, FAM-ME07 interacts directly with the receptors on A431 cells, followed by its internalization into the cytoplasm and translocation to the nucleolus; this finding opens a possibility of ME07 application as an escort aptamer for a delivery of therapeutic agents into tumor cells. FAM-ME07 efficiently stains sections of GBM clinical specimens, which enables an identification of EGFR-positive clones within a heterogeneous tumor; and providing a potential for further studying animal models of GBM.

Methane oxidative coupling (OCM) is considered a potential direct route to produce C2 hydrocarbons. Layered perovskite-like Sr2TiO4 is a promising OCM catalyst. Mechanochemical activation (MA) is known to be an environmentally friendly method for perovskite synthesis. Sr2TiO4 were synthesized using MA of the mixtures containing SrCO3 or SrO and TiO2 or TiO(OH)2 and annealing at 900 and 1100 °C. XRD and FT-IRS showed that MA leads to the starting component disordering and formation of SrTiO3 only for SrO being pronounced when using TiO(OH)2. After annealing at 900 °C, Sr2TiO4 was mainly produced from the mixtures of SrCO3 or SrO and TiO(OH)2. The single-phase Sr2TiO4 was only obtained from MA products containing SrCO3 after calcination at 1100 °C. The surface enrichment with Sr was observed by XPS for all samples annealed at 1100 °C depending on the MA product composition. The OCM activity of the samples correlated with the surface Sr concentration and the ratio of the surface oxygen amount in SrO and perovskite (Oo/Op). The maximal CH4 conversion and C2 yield (25.6 and 15.5% at 900 °C, respectively), and the high long-term stability were observed for the sample obtained from (SrCO3 + TiO2), showing the specific surface morphology and optimal values of the surface Sr concentration and Oo/Op ratio.

BACKGROUND The majority of published data report the results of biomechanical tests of various design pedicle screw performance. The clinical relevance and relative contribution of screw design to instrumentation stability have been insufficiently studied. AIM To estimate the contribution of screw design to rate of pedicle screw loosening in patients with degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. METHODS This study is a prospective evaluation of 175 patients with degenerative diseases and instability of the lumbar spine segments. Participants underwent spinal instrumentation employing pedicle screws with posterior only or transforaminal interbody fusion. Follow-up was for 18 mo. Patients with signs of pedicle screw loosening on computed tomography were registered; logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors that influenced the rate of loosening. RESULTS Parameters included in the analysis were screw geometry, type of thread, external and internal screw diameter and helical pitch, bone density in Hounsfield units, number of levels fused, instrumentation without anterior support, laminectomy, and unilateral and bilateral total facet joint resection. The rate of screw loosening decreased with the increment in outer diameter, decrease in core diameter and helical pitch. The rate of screw loosening correlated positively with the number of fused levels and decreasing bone density. Bilateral facet joint removal significantly favored pedicle screw loosening. The influence of other factors was insignificant. CONCLUSION Screw parameters had a significant impact on the loosening rate along with bone quality characteristics, the number of levels fused and the extensiveness of decompression. The significance of the influence of screw parameters was comparable to those of patient- and surgery-related factors. Pedicle screw loosening was influenced by helical pitch, inner and outer diameter, but screw geometry and thread type were insignificant factors.

The present article emerged due to fortunate circumstances. It happened that an intact notation of a troparion to the Nativity of Saint Nicholas “Chudnoe i slavnoe rozhdestvo tvoe…” was found in the 17th century manuscript from the compendium of Archbishop D. Razumovskiy in the Russian State Library, fund 379, №66. The troparion itself is written in the form of the znamenny chant using kryuki (znamennaya notation). To date, the notation is the only record of both troparion and hymnography to the Nativity of Saint Nicholas. The article provides the chant in its original form “istinno pravoslavnoy melodii – spasitelnoy i dushepoleznoy” [its truly orthodox melody – salutary and edificatory], as Archbishop Boris Nikolaev1 talks about the znamenny chant. In conjunction with this, the author of the article presents a conversion from bespometnaya notation based on kryuki into a five-line one. The process is conducted based upon the analysis of popevkis from dvoeznamenniks dating from the 18th century, as well as upon litsas and fitas of M.Brazhnikov2. The conversion of bespometnaya notation is given in the form of a hypothesis of how the chant would sound with a view to a scientific discussion. The publication is preceded by brief research of troparia and kontakia of the feast day and their content and status in Russian handwritten and printed sources. These issues are of utmost importance to both fellow citizens and religious practices when it comes to rediscovering the chants to The Nativity of Saint Nicholas. Therefore, troparia and kontakia are introduced in their entirety. These are nine heritages of Russian hymnography in the sources during the late 16th-19th centuries.

Original manuscript received February 26, 2020. Revised manuscript accepted March 30, 2020. The full text of the materials is presented in S. V. Popova & A. A. Pechenkina (Eds.) (2020). Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019: Materials of the International Forum. Yekaterinburg: UrFU. The International Forum “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019” was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project № 19‑013‑20191. Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin in Yekaterinburg welco med participants of the II International Forum “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019” in November 2019. More than 300 Russian and foreign scientists took part in the Forum. A total 85 reports were presented. This article is the final report about the Forum. The article presents relevant research directions that have become the subject of discussion by the Forum participants, a scope of Forum research areas and prospects for the development of cognitive neuroscience in general. В ноябре 2019 г. на базе Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина в г. Екатеринбурге прошел II Международный форум по когнитивным нейронаукам “Cognitive Neuroscience — 2019”. В работе форума участвовали более 300 российских и зарубежных ученых. Всего было представлено 85 докладов. В статье рассмотрены тематические направления работы форума. Представлены актуальные исследования, которые стали предметом обсуждения среди участников форума, проведен анализ работы разных направлений форума и сделаны выводы о дальнейших перспективах развития когнитивной нейронауки в целом.

A range-wide phylogeographic study of the common shrew Sorex araneus was performed using the concatenation of cytb and ND2 mitochondrial genes. The data support two major lineages, one of which (European haplogroup) is distributed continuously from West Europe to West Siberia; the other (Siberian haplogroup) is found in two non-adjacent areas: in central Siberia and in southern Finland and Karelia. Several smaller subclades (East European, Balkan, and West Siberian) were identified within the European lineage. Ancestral area reconstructions were performed under the maximum parsimony criterion using the algorithm that was designed to analyze landmark data. The results suggest that the last common ancestor of the common shrew inhabited the Balkans or the Danubian-Carpathian area. The results of demographic analyses are consistent with the hypothesis of recent expansion throughout the entire distribution range. The genetic diversity indices and the expansion time estimates were higher in the western part of the range. Cumulatively, these findings support the hypothesis that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the range of the common shrew was restricted to a single refugium in Southeastern Europe.

The article considers such a relevant problem as innovative technologies of environmentally sound design of Mirny Airport. Mirny Airport provides air communication with the largest cities of Russia. It is also a reserve airport for transcontinental routes from North America and Europe to Asia. The article develops a methodological approach to the environmentally sound design of Mirny Airport, taking into account low-waste and zero waste technologies. Unlike the existing ones, the design is based on the continuous monitoring of the corresponding technology parameters. A system of indicators for assessing the environmental efficiency of sound airport design, taking into account industrial waste treatment, is proposed. The authors imply the system shall include management efficiency indicators, performance indicators and environmental impact indicators of sound airport design. The theoretical basis of the article includes scientific methodological and theoretical developments of domestic and foreign scientists, theorists and practitioners in the area of environmentally sound design revealing issues related to the adoption of management technologies for minimizing the negative environmental impact by airlines. The following research methods were used in the article: analytical, economic-statistical, monographic, computational-constructive, graphical method, abstract-logical.

Oil-saturated strata of Western Siberia fields are represented by laminated low-permeability sandstone separated by shale layers. Therefore, when designing hydraulic fractures, it is important to create longer propped fracture half-length and provide coverage of oil-saturated layers along the entire net height. Implementation of high-volume proppant fractures in combination with high-viscosity crosslinked fluids leads to excessive fracture height growth. In some cases it results in ineffective proppant distribution in the target layer and, moreover, to unwanted water production if the water contact or water bearing formation is close. To overcome these issues, it was proposed to use a novel hydraulic fracturing fluid that is a viscous slickwater based on synthetic polymer-polyacrylamide (also known as HiVis FR or HVFR). The low viscosity of HVFR (about 10 times lower than that of a crosslinked gel) allows a long fracture to be created and restricts height growth. Additionally, use of polyacrylamide instead of guar gives a larger value of retained conductivity. The full workflow for implementing HVFR for hydraulic fracturing in conventional formations includes candidate evaluation, HVFR laboratory testing, an integrated engineering approach to fracture modeling, operational considerations, and post-fracturing production analysis. The workflow evolved during the technology implementation cycle in a specific oil field, particularly the modeling step, which used a new high precision multiphysics (MP) model. The MP model provides an advanced, high-quality high- precision fracturing design to properly evaluate fracture geometry and proppant distribution by accounting for proppant settling in viscoelastic fluid and an accurate simulation of proppant placement when using a pulsing schedule. During the 2-year project, considerable success was achieved in expanding of the technology implementation scope. Several records were achieved on Kondinskoe oil field - a 150-t of ceramic proppant (SG, specific gravity,~3.1) were placed in a conventional reservoir by low-viscosity fracturing fluid and the first worldwide combination of viscous slickwater with channel fracturing technology was successfully performed. The use of HVFR, due to ability of fracture growth control, prevented breakthrough into the water-bearing zone. In addition, considerable improvement of operational efficiency was achieved due to use of cold water, lower amounts of additives, and less equipment, which resulted in a smaller location and environmental footprint. This first implementation of the viscous slickwater in conventional wells in Western Siberia enabled evaluating its effect on production rate. Increasing demand for maximizing production from low- permeability formations makes the result of this viscous slickwater implementation campaign of special interest. The application of a full engineering workflow, including design, execution, and evaluation of the Viscous slickwater treatments is a key to successful technology implementation and production optimization.

The first genetic study of the holotype of the Gansu short-tailed shrew, Blarinella griselda Thomas, 1912, is presented. The mitochondrial analysis demonstrated that the type specimen of B. griselda is close to several recently collected specimens from southern Gansu, northern Sichuan and Shaanxi, which are highly distinct from the two species of Asiatic short-tailed shrews of southern Sichuan, Yunnan, and Vietnam, B. quadraticauda and B. wardi. Our analysis of four nuclear genes supported the placement of B. griselda as sister to B. quadraticauda / B. wardi, with the level of divergence between these two clades corresponding to that among genera of Soricinae. A new generic name, Parablarinella, is proposed for the Gansu short-tailed shrew. Karyotypes of Parablarinella griselda (2n = 49, NFa = 50) and B. quadraticauda (2n = 49, NFa = 62) from southern Gansu are described. The tribal affinities of Blarinellini and Blarinini are discussed.

In this review, we describe karyotypic, morphological, and genetic structuring of population in the common shrew Sorex araneus (Lipotyphla, Mammalia), and try to explain some unclear and contradictory aspects of this structuring on the basis of population approach. The subdivision of this species into more than 76 parapatric chromosomal races does not correspond to its morphological and genetic structuring. Chromosomal hybrid zones are formed in the areas of contact between the races. The frequency of interracial F1 hybrids is low in nature, but we have shown that mating between different races in captivity occurs quite readily, although the postnatal survival of hybrids is reduced. We suggest that this species is subdivided into relatively small populations characterized by the unity of functioning, which is ensured by the predominant dispersal of individuals from each of the populations within their population space. It should also be emphasized that the main provisions set forth by Stanislav S. Shvarts in his conceptual monograph The Evolutionary Ecology of Animals are still relevant today.

The genus status of Urocricetus was defined recently based on morphological and molecular data. Even though the amount of evidence for a separate phylogenetic position of this genus among Cricetinae continues to increase, there is still no consensus on its relationship to other groups. Here we give the first comprehensive description of the U. kamensis karyotype (2n = 30, NFa = 50) including results of comparative cytogenetic analysis and detailed examination of its phylogenetic position by means of numerous molecular markers. The molecular data strongly indicated that Urocricetus is a distant sister group to Phodopus. Comparative cytogenetic data showed significant reorganization of the U. kamensis karyotype compared to karyotypes of all other hamsters investigated earlier. The totality of findings undoubtedly means that Urocricetus belongs to a separate divergent lineage of Cricetinae.

High-viscosity friction reducers (HVFR) have been actively studied and implemented recently in fracturing as a proppant carrier fluid in unconventional reservoirs due to advantages over crosslinked fluids and linear gels. The vast majority of the known studies are performed in unconventional jobs, where pumping rates are significantly higher than in conventional fracturing treatments. A study was designed to answer the question how an HVFR can be used effectively in conventional treatments deep wells. The analysis was based on a propped fracturing case study in a deep live annulus well completed with relatively small inside diameter (ID) fracturing string. High friction, significant depth, low reservoir permeability, and abnormal pressure indicate that HVFR can be a replacement for the conventional heavy crosslinked gel under certain conditions. Thorough laboratory testing was performed to optimize the recipe of the HVFR for the given conditions. After analysis of the injection and calibration tests, the obtained HVFR efficiency, friction, and downhole behavior were used to optimize the main treatment. The fracturing was performed successfully, placing 26 tons of proppant into the fracture. Analysis of the treatment was performed in an advanced fracturing simulator with multi-physics model that is capable of modeling the complex proppant transport and redistribution processes within the fracture. Simulation results revealed that towards the end of the treatment, the increased concentration of the proppant resulted in accelerated proppant settling at the fracture bottom, leading to the step-like pressure-out. Treatment results and post-treatment simulations revealed that at given rates (15 to 17 bbl/min) and HVFR efficiency (∼21%), the carrying capacity of the HVFR is enough to place 26 tons of proppant at maximum concentration of 3.5 to 4.0 PPA with 28 to 30% pad percentage. The calibrated model showed that the created fracture has an effective half-length of about 75 m, fracture height of 50 m, and dimensionless fracture conductivity approximately equal to 4.5. A new fracture flowback optimization software was used to estimate the set the limits for drawdown during cleanup; the amount of the predicted proppant flowback (

The Southern licensed site of Priobskoe Oilfield (South-Priobskoe Oilfield, hereinafter SPRB) is the largest object of Gazprom Neft-Khantos. For the development of low-permeability productive formations AS10-AS12 it is economically feasible to drill horizontal wells (HW) with subsequent multistage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF). Growth of horizontal wells number raises the question of the implementation of different resource-saving technologies, including technologies to speed up the processes related to the preparation of water for hydraulic fracturing. It is also worth considering that in the case of horizontal wells drilled in areas with complex geological structure, which include a part of SPRB, еthere are higher risks to have a premature screen-out during MSHF and accordingly increased cost and time required to complete the well. Fracturing operation utilizing water with temperature equal 10-15°C water – cold water concept vs. standard 25-30°C allows to substantially optimize fracturing preparation steps and improve operational efficiency, which ultimately is expressed in accelerated time to put the well on production. Also, decreased operating time of water heaters leads to a reduction of environmental footprint and air emissions. Channel fracturing technology with pulsed proppant placement, forming highly conductive channels in the fracture, allows to reduce the proppant mass and the volume of hydraulic fracturing fluid while maintaining the target fracture half-length. Combination of cold water concept with channel fracturing technology demonstrated significant acceleration of multistage hydraulic fracturing operation cycle for horizontal wells at the SPRB.

The results of the analysis of geological field information in order to assess the current state of development of the J11 reservoir of the Verkh-Tarka oil field for of January 2019 are reported. The main object of development is at stage III of the fall in oil production. At present, the total well stock of the J11 reservoir is 175 units, of which 134 are active. The monthly volume of water injection into the FPM system reaches 100 thousand m3, and liquid production is about 170 thousand m3 with an average water-cut of producing wells of 63 %. To date, within the deposit, a complex hydrodynamic field has been formed, in which the depressive zones regularly trace the rows of production wells, and the piezoelectric maximums - injection wells.

The ordered mesoporous Mg- and Ni-Mg-alumina samples of general formula xwt%Mg-Al2O3 and ywt%Nixwt% Mg-Al2O3(x, y = 5, 10 % wt) have been prepared by the one-pot evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method using Pluronic P123 as a template. The textural and structural properties of the prepared samples have been characterized by N2adsorption-desorption analysis, BET, XRD, TEM with EDX, HAADF-STEM, and H2-TPR. The samples calcined at 700°C had an ordered mesoporous structure with a SSA of 170-250 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.5-0.64 cm3/g and a narrow distribution of the pore size (mean 12-16 nm). For the catalysts prepared by the one-pot EISA method, the size of the metal Ni particles was in the range of 3-12 nm and was conditioned by their confinement in the mesopores and the interaction with MgO and Al2O3. Testing in methane dry reforming in the 15v.% CH4+ 15v.%CO2feed, with He balance, at 650-750°C and the contact time of 0.015 s has shown the higher activity and stability of the ordered mesoporous 10w%Ni- 10w%Mg-Al2O3catalysts prepared by the one-pot method as compared with the catalyst of the same composition obtained by impregnation.

The karyotypic diversity of the common shrew was examined in a poorly studied area of northeastern European Russia between the estuary of the Pechora River and the North Ural Mountains. The karyotypes that belonged to the Serov chromosomal race were found at 500 km to the north from the previously known race range limit. In addition, three new homozygous karyotypic variants were detected in the vicinities of the towns of Inta and Naryan-Mar (near and above the Arctic Circle, respectively). An individual with the diagnostic metacentrics go, hn, im, kq, and pr—termed the “Inta” variant—could have originated from a single whole-arm reciprocal translocation (WART) from the karyotype of the Sok race. This variant corresponds to the predicted karyotype that links the Petchora and Sok races. The second variant had the metacentrics go, hn, im, kr, and pq (Naryan-Mar) and could have arisen from the “Inta” variant by a single WART. An unusual karyotype that was found on the left bank of the Pechora River was determined to be a recombinant that resulted from natural hybridization between the Petchora race and new “Naryan-Mar” variant. Thus, we have determined the origin of new karyotypic variants in a small local hybrid population.

Gymnures are an ancient group of small insectivorous mammals and are characterized by a controversial taxonomic status and the lack of a description of karyotypes for certain species. In this study, conventional cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa, CBG- and GTG-banding, Ag-NOR), CMA3-DAPI staining, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomeric DNA probes were used to examine for the first time the karyotypes of lesser gymnures of group Hylomyssuillus Müller, 1840 from northern and southern Vietnam. All studied specimens had karyotypes with 2n=48, NFa=64. C-positive heterochromatic blocks existed in centromeric regions of 7 bi-armed autosomes and the submetacentric X chromosome. The Y chromosome is a C-positive and dot-like. The nucleolus organizer regions resided terminally on the short arms of 2 small bi-armed pairs. Positive signals at the telomeres of all chromosomes were revealed by FISH. CMA3-positive blocks were localized on the telomeric and pericentric regions of most bi-armed and acrocentric chromosomes. Despite the large genetic distances between Hylomys Müller, 1840, lesser gymnures from H.suillus-group from northern and southern Vietnam have similar karyotypic characteristics.

For structured catalysts of biofuels transformation into syngas inexpensive and stable to sintering active components based upon Mg-doped γ-alumina with supported LaNi 0.9 Ru 0.1 O 3 perovskite or MnCr 2 O 4 spinel promoted by Ru + Ni were developed. Characterization of the surface features, reactivity, catalytic activity and routes of ethanol transformation on these catalysts demonstrated that suppression of support acidity, strong interaction of Ru-Ni alloy nanoparticles with manganese chromite layers on support and a high redox ability provide a high yield of syngas and stability to coking. The most promising active component (2 wt% Ni + 2 wt% Ru)/MnCr 2 O 4 /10 wt% MgO − γ-Al 2 O 3 supported on microchannel heat-conducting CrAlO cermet plates demonstrated a high performance and stability to coking in the autothermal reforming of such reactive fuels as glycerol, anisol and turpentine oil.

The common shrew is subdivided into 74 chromosomal races, widely distributed in the postglacial area from the Britain Islands to Lake Baikal. Based on 1969 karyotypes from 216 localities, we present for the first time a map of ranges of 25 chromosomal races (except the Altai race) currently known in Russia. We revealed two centers of high karyotypic diversity: the western (near Baltic Sea) and the eastern (near Baikal Lake). The studied races were categorized as small-, medium-, and large-range races, and small-range races concentrated around those two centers of karyotypic diversity. We did not find any significant association between race range size and ecological zone, latitude, or the ambient temperature. Physical barriers, such as Ural Mountain or rivers, do not limit race distribution. The width of rivers that divide a range of a single race or ranges of two different races does not differ. We supposed that the occupation of an area by a race could limit the invasion of a different race from an adjacent area and expansion of its range, thus contributing to race parapatric distribution alone without additional effects of physical barriers. Based on karyotype similarity and geographic localization, we combined races into four “karyotypic chains,” in which the races can be derived from one another consequently by a single chromosomal translocation. The present distribution of the common shrew races in Russia supports the idea that it has resulted from recolonization from refugia governed by the density-dependent processes.

Guar-based crosslinked fluids remained the prevalent choice of frac fluid for a long period of time, since massive hydraulic fracturing was started in Russia. Traditional frac fluid contains 2535 ppt of crosslinked guar, which results in very high fluid viscosity (min 400 cp at 100 sec-1 as rule of thumb) and low retained permeability of proppant pack - around 35%. With recent move towards complex geology reservoirs in Russia, where wide propped frac is no longer an optimum solution, the need in review of current fracturing approaches emerged. In several last years local operators started to gradually move away from h igh-viscosity fluids via its partial replacement with cleaner guar-based low viscous linear gel. However, even in this case retained fracture conductivities are typically not higher than 60-70%, especially in cases when hybrid fluid systems are used - linear fluid combined with crosslinked gel. Goal to reach improved fracture conductivity opens a field for new discoveries. This study objective is to evaluate the applicability of novel clean frac fluid for conventional reservoirs in Russia. Current study is focused on development of laboratory testing procedures and testing results analysis of novel synthetic polymer-based fracturing fluid in terms of its applicability on conventional reservoirs - tight sandstones. Viscous slickwater has already been widely used on shale reservoirs in North America, however was never applied for conditions of sandstones fracturing: in mili Darcy environment, in combination with ceramic proppant, pumping via tubing, utilizing pump rates less than 10 m3/min (60 bbl/min). Fluid rheology studies, leak-off behavior, regained conductivity of the proppant pack, regained permeability of the formation, dynamic proppant transport tests and dynamic fluid viscosity evaluation are described in the paper. Elastic properties of viscous slickwater (H.Zhao, S.Danican, H.Torres, Y.Christianti, M.Nikolaev, S.Makarychev-Mikhailov, A.Bonnell, Schlumberger, 2018) provide improved dynamic proppant transport and static proppant settling, in comparison with low viscous fluid - linear guar-based gel, i.e. better horizontal and vertical proppant distribution inside the fracture. Ceramic proppant pack conductivity even with high loadings of High Viscosity Friction Reducer without breakers showed superior results - Regained conductivity reached 100%. Coreflow experiments using conventional (1-10 mD) sandstone cores demonstrated 100% regained phase permeability to hydrocarbon, proving that fluid is non-damaging to formation. As a result of numerous laboratory studies performed, Viscous slickwater was qualified as alternative fracturing fluid to conventionally used guar-based gel and has been approved for field testing campaign on conventional tight sandstones in Russia. Field trials of novel frac fluid - Viscous slickwater demonstrated positive results both in terms of pumpability and well productivity on tight sandstones 0.5-3.0 mD This fluid has been recommended for further roll out to wider range of conventional oilfields.

Hard-to-recover reserves, including low and ultra-low-permeability reservoirs, where conventional high-conductivity hydraulic fracturing approaches are not applicable, require revision of standard fracturing design approaches. The Vinogradova field in Beloyarsky district, Russia comprises thin net pay sections with relatively low permeability (~1 mD). Optimizing fracturing treatments required progressing along a long learning curve involving appropriate fracturing fluid design, proppant selection and treatment design. The primary goal of the treatments was to increase fracture half-length (Xf) while controlling frac height growth through weak barriers into water bearing zones. Initially, conventional treatments were designed to use 60 metric tons of intermediate strength proppant (ISP, SG 3.2) blended in crosslinked gel as a frac fluid. Subsequent optimization led to a design with hybrid fluid (linear and crosslinked gel), which helped to increase Xf but did not limit height growth (Ryazanov et al, 2016). The final optimized design used linear gel as the sole fluid, lightweight proppant (LWP, SG 2.6), and reduced proppant volume; this design reduced fracture height growth by 40% to 50% and increased Xf by 30% to 40%, which resulted in reduced water cut and increased cumulative hydrocarbon production. In this study we describe the process of frac fluid and proppant testing and selection, design approaches and frac geometry modeling, and explain job execution parameters. Selecting proppant is a critical step for fracture design, especially for designs using low-viscosity fluids. High-quality proppant with high roundness and sphericity and a narrow proppant particles size distribution applied within recommended stress limits minimizes fines generation and negative effect on production. Using LWP with fluids that have low proppant-carrying capacity improves vertical and horizontal proppant transport inside the fracture due to the lower weight of individual proppant grains, i.e. less settling. To evaluate the effect of LWP on well production in the Vinogradova oilfield in comparison with ISP, we studied wells with similar parameters - k*h, volume of proppant, proppant concentration, fluid type and concentration of polymer, pumping rate, and compared initial, 1-year cumulative oil production and PI. Production analysis demonstrated the benefits of using LWP over ISP in fracture treatments with low-viscosity fluid: Initial production was 30% higher and 1-year cumulative production 40% higher in wells treated with LWP. As well, wells treated with LWP showed increased PI in comparison with ISP-treated wells, where significant improvement was demonstrated during first 7 months of wells production. This confirms the benefits of LWP as a propping agent as compared with ISP in designs that use low-viscosity fluids: higher frac half-length and improved proppant transport inside fracture. LWP is widely utilized around the world mostly on conventional frac jobs with crosslinked polymer fluids. Use of ceramic LWP with low-viscosity fluid is poorly studied because most of such treatments are pumped with natural sand in shale and other unconventional formations. However, the significant difference in permeability between unconventional wells vs tight sandstones requires the use of more conductive and crush-resistant ceramics as propping agent. As the industry increasingly faces reservoirs with complex geology (including Hard-to-recover), where the conventional wide fracture design is no longer required, understanding the effect of LWP application with low-viscosity fluid in conventionals will be useful to collect experience for designing future treatments.