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3. Development and characterization of the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii)

Author

Castarède, Dimitri, primary, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Kanji, Zamin A., additional, Hartmann, Markus, additional, Ahonen, Lauri, additional, Bilde, Merete, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pettersson, Jan B. C., additional, Sierau, Berko, additional, Stetzer, Olaf, additional, Stratmann, Frank, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Swietlicki, Erik, additional, Thu Nguyen, Quynh, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, and Thomson, Erik S., additional

Published
2023
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7. Fresh and Aged Organic Aerosol Emissions from Renewable Diesel-Like Fuels HVO and RME in a Heavy-Duty Compression Ignition Engine

Author

Novakovic, Maja, Eriksson, Axel, Gren, Louise, Malmborg, Vilhelm, Shamun, Sam, Karjalainen, Panu, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tunér, Martin, Verhelst, Sebastian, Pagels, Joakim, Novakovic, Maja, Eriksson, Axel, Gren, Louise, Malmborg, Vilhelm, Shamun, Sam, Karjalainen, Panu, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tunér, Martin, Verhelst, Sebastian, and Pagels, Joakim

Abstract

A modern diesel engine is a reliable and efficient mean of producing power. A way to reduce harmful exhaust and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and secure the sources of energy is to develop technology for an efficient diesel engine operation independent of fossil fuels. Renewable diesel fuels are compatible with diesel engines without any major modifications. Rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) and other fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are commonly used in low level blends with diesel. Lately, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) produced from vegetable oil and waste fat has found its way into the automotive market, being approved for use in diesel engines by several leading vehicle manufacturers, either in its pure form or in a mixture with the fossil diesel to improve the overall environmental footprint. There is a lack of data on how renewable fuels change the semi-volatile organic fraction of exhaust emissions. In order to characterize and explain the difference in exhaust emissions from fossil diesel, HVO and RME fuels, particulate matter (PM) emissions were sampled at two exhaust positions of an experimental single cylinder Scania D13 heavy-duty (HD) diesel engine: at the exhaust manifold, and after a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). Advanced analyzing techniques were used to characterize the composition of the organic PM. Special attention was paid to an operating point at 18% intake oxygen level with constant engine operating conditions where the emission level of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was low, and carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) were relatively low. On-line aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) suggests that the chemical composition of the organic aerosols (OAs) was similar for HVO and diesel. However, RME both reduced the OA emissions and changed the composition with evidence for fuel signatures in the mass spectra. When the emissions were aged in an oxidation flow reactor to simulate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, it was

Published
2023

8. Using Novel Molecular-Level Chemical Composition Observations of High Arctic Organic Aerosol for Predictions of Cloud Condensation Nuclei

Author

Siegel, Karolina, primary, Neuberger, Almuth, additional, Karlsson, Linn, additional, Zieger, Paul, additional, Mattsson, Fredrik, additional, Duplessis, Patrick, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Daellenbach, Kaspar, additional, Schmale, Julia, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Krejci, Radovan, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Chang, Rachel, additional, Ekman, Annica M. L., additional, Riipinen, Ilona, additional, and Mohr, Claudia, additional

Published
2022
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9. Using Novel Molecular-Level Chemical Composition Observations of High Arctic Organic Aerosol for Predictions of Cloud Condensation Nuclei

Author

Siegel, Karolina, Neuberger, Almuth, Karlsson, Linn, Zieger, Paul, Mattsson, Fredrik, Duplessis, Patrick, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar, Schmale, Julia, Baccarini, Andrea, Krejci, Radovan, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Chang, Rachel, Ekman, Annica M. L., Riipinen, Ilona, Mohr, Claudia, Siegel, Karolina, Neuberger, Almuth, Karlsson, Linn, Zieger, Paul, Mattsson, Fredrik, Duplessis, Patrick, Dada, Lubna, Daellenbach, Kaspar, Schmale, Julia, Baccarini, Andrea, Krejci, Radovan, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Chang, Rachel, Ekman, Annica M. L., Riipinen, Ilona, and Mohr, Claudia

Published
2022
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10. Particle emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine as ice nuclei in immersion freezing mode : A laboratory study on fossil and renewable fuels

Author

Korhonen, Kimmo, Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, Falk, John, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., Eriksson, Axel, Gren, Louise, Novakovic, Maja, Shamun, Sam, Karjalainen, Panu, Markkula, Lassi, Pagels, Joakim, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tunér, Martin, Komppula, Mika, Laaksonen, Ari, Virtanen, Annele, Tampere University, and Physics

Subjects
114 Physical sciences
Abstract

We studied ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine using three different types of fuel. The polydisperse particle emissions were sampled during engine operation and introduced to a continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) instrument at a constant relative humidity RHwater=110 %, while the temperature was ramped between −43 and −32 ∘C (T scan). The tested fuels were EN 590 compliant low-sulfur fossil diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), and rapeseed methyl ester (RME); all were tested without blending. Sampling was carried out at different stages in the engine exhaust aftertreatment system, with and without simulated atmospheric processing using an oxidation flow reactor. In addition to ice nucleation experiments, we used supportive instrumentation to characterize the emitted particles for their physicochemical properties and presented six parameters. We found that the studied emissions contained no significant concentrations of ice-nucleating particles likely to be of atmospheric relevance. The substitution of fossil diesel with renewable fuels, using different emission aftertreatment systems such as a diesel oxidation catalyst, and photochemical aging of total exhaust had only minor effect on their ice-nucleating abilities.

Published
2022

12. Particle emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine as ice nuclei in immersion freezing mode: a laboratory study on fossil and renewable fuels

Author

Korhonen, Kimmo, primary, Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, additional, Falk, John, additional, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., additional, Eriksson, Axel, additional, Gren, Louise, additional, Novakovic, Maja, additional, Shamun, Sam, additional, Karjalainen, Panu, additional, Markkula, Lassi, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Tunér, Martin, additional, Komppula, Mika, additional, Laaksonen, Ari, additional, and Virtanen, Annele, additional

Published
2022
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13. Immersion Freezing Ability of Freshly Emitted Soot with Various Physico-Chemical Characteristics

Author

Falk, John, primary, Korhonen, Kimmo, additional, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., additional, Gren, Louise, additional, Eriksson, Axel C., additional, Karjalainen, Panu, additional, Markkula, Lassi, additional, Bengtsson, Per-Erik, additional, Virtanen, Annele, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, and Kristensen, Thomas B., additional

Published
2021
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14. Properties and emission factors of cloud condensation nuclei from biomass cookstoves - Observations of a strong dependency on potassium content in the fuel

Author

Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, Falk, John, Lindgren, Robert, Andersen, Christina, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., Eriksson, Axel C., Korhonen, Kimmo, Carvalho, Ricardo Luis, Boman, Christoffer, Pagels, Joakim, and Svenningsson, Birgitta

Subjects
Subatomär fysik, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning, Subatomic Physics
Abstract

Residential biomass combustion is a significant source of aerosol particles on regional and global scales influencing climate and human health. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) emitted from biomass burning of solid fuels in different cookstoves mostly of relevance to sub-Saharan east Africa. The traditional three-stone fire and a rocket stove were used for combustion of wood logs of Sesbania and Casuarina with birch used as a reference. A natural draft and a forced-draft pellet stove were used for combustion of pelletised Sesbania and pelletised Swedish softwood alone or in mixtures with pelletised coffee husk, rice husk or water hyacinth. The CCN activity and the effective density were measured for particles with mobility diameters of ∽65, ∽100 and ∽200 nm, respectively, and occasionally for 350 nm particles. Particle number size distributions were measured online with a fast particle analyser. The chemical composition of the fuel ash was measured by application of standard protocols. The average particle number size distributions were by number typically dominated by an ultrafine mode, and in most cases a soot mode was centred around a mobility diameter of ∽150 nm. The CCN activities decreased with increasing particle size for all experiments and ranged in terms of the hygroscopicity parameter, κ, from ∽0.1 to ∽0.8 for the ultrafine mode and from ∽0.001 to ∽0.15 for the soot mode. The CCN activity (κ) of the ultrafine mode increased (i) with increasing combustion temperature for a given fuel, and (ii) it typically increased with increasing potassium concentration in the investigated fuels. The primary CCN and the estimated particulate matter (PM) emission factors were typically found to increase significantly with increasing potassium concentration in the fuel for a given stove. In order to link CCN emission factors to PM emission factors, knowledge about stove technology, stove operation and the inorganic fuel ash composition is needed. This complicates the use of ambient PM levels alone for estimation of CCN concentrations in regions dominated by biomass combustion aerosol, with the relation turning even more complex when accounting for atmospheric ageing of the aerosol.

Published
2021

17. Properties and emission factors of cloud condensation nuclei from biomass cookstoves – observations of a strong dependency on potassium content in the fuel

Author

Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, primary, Falk, John, additional, Lindgren, Robert, additional, Andersen, Christina, additional, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., additional, Eriksson, Axel C., additional, Korhonen, Kimmo, additional, Carvalho, Ricardo Luis, additional, Boman, Christoffer, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, and Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional

Published
2021
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18. Ice-nucleating ability of particulate emissions from solid-biomass-fired cookstoves: an experimental study

Author

Korhonen, Kimmo, Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, Falk, John, Lindgren, Robert, Andersen, Christina, Carvalho, Ricardo Luis, Malmborg, Vilhelm, Eriksson, Axel, Boman, Christoffer, Pagels, Joakim, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Komppula, Mika, Lehtinen, Kari E. J., and Virtanen, Annele

Abstract

This research was part of the Salutary Umeå Study of Aerosols in Biomass Cookstove Emissions (SUSTAINE) laboratory experiment campaign. We studied ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from solid-fuel-burning cookstoves, using a portable ice nuclei counter, Spectrometer Ice Nuclei (SPIN). These emissions were generated from two traditional cookstove types commonly used for household cooking in sub-Saharan Africa and two advanced gasifier stoves under research to promote sustainable development alternatives. The solid fuels studied included biomass from two different African tree species, Swedish softwood and agricultural residue products relevant to the region. Measurements were performed with a modified version of the standard water boiling test on polydisperse samples from flue gas during burning and size-selected accumulation mode soot particles from a 15 m3 aerosol-storage chamber. The studied soot particle sizes in nanometers were 250, 260, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500. From this chamber, the particles were introduced to water-supersaturated freezing conditions (−32 to −43 ∘C) in the SPIN. Accumulation mode soot particles generally produced an ice-activated fraction of 10−3 in temperatures 1–1.5 ∘C higher than that required for homogeneous freezing at fixed RHw=115 %. In five special experiments, the combustion performance of one cookstove was intentionally modified. Two of these exhibited a significant increase in the ice-nucleating ability of the particles, resulting in a 10−3 ice activation at temperatures up to 5.9 ∘C higher than homogeneous freezing and the observed increased ice-nucleating ability. We investigated six different physico-chemical properties of the emission particles but found no clear correlation between them and increasing ice-nucleating ability. We conclude that the freshly emitted combustion aerosols form ice via immersion and condensation freezing at temperatures only moderately above homogeneous freezing conditions.

Published
2020

19. Particle emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine as ice-nuclei in immersion freezing mode: an experimental study on fossil and renewable fuels

Author

Korhonen, Kimmo, primary, Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, additional, Falk, John, additional, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., additional, Eriksson, Axel, additional, Gren, Louise, additional, Novakovic, Maja, additional, Shamun, Sam, additional, Karjalainen, Panu, additional, Markkula, Lassi, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Tunér, Martin, additional, Komppula, Mika, additional, Laaksonen, Ari, additional, and Virtanen, Annele, additional

Published
2021
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20. Properties and emission factors of CCN from biomass cookstoves – observations of a strong dependency on potassium content in the fue

Author

Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, primary, Falk, John, additional, Lindgren, Robert, additional, Andersen, Christina, additional, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., additional, Eriksson, Axel C., additional, Korhonen, Kimmo, additional, Carvalho, Ricardo Luis, additional, Boman, Christoffer, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, and Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional

Published
2020
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21. Ice-nucleating ability of particulate emissions from solid-biomass-fired cookstoves: an experimental study

Author

Korhonen, Kimmo, primary, Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, additional, Falk, John, additional, Lindgren, Robert, additional, Andersen, Christina, additional, Carvalho, Ricardo Luis, additional, Malmborg, Vilhelm, additional, Eriksson, Axel, additional, Boman, Christoffer, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Komppula, Mika, additional, Lehtinen, Kari E. J., additional, and Virtanen, Annele, additional

Published
2020
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23. Corrigendum: Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Author

Schmale, Julia, Henning, Silvia, Henzing, Bas, Keskinen, Helmi, Sellegri, Karine, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, Kalivitis, Nikos, Stavroulas, Iasonas, Jefferson, Anne, Park, Minsu, Schlag, Patrick, Kristensson, Adam, Iwamoto, Yoko, Pringle, Kirsty, Reddington, Carly, Aalto, Pasi, Äijälä, Mikko, Baltensperger, Urs, Bialek, Jakub, Birmili, Wolfram, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Ehn, Mikael, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Fiebig, Markus, Frank, Göran, Fröhlich, Roman, Frumau, Arnoud, Furuya, Masaki, Hammer, Emanuel, Heikkinen, Liine, Herrmann, Erik, Holzinger, Rupert, Hyono, Hiroyuki, Kanakidou, Maria, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Kinouchi, Kento, Kos, Gerard, Kulmala, Markku, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Motos, Ghislain, Nenes, Athanasios, O'Dowd, Colin, Paramonov, Mikhail, Petäjä, Tuukka, Picard, David, Poulain, Laurent, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Slowik, Jay, Sonntag, Andre, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wittbom, Cerina, Ogren, John A., Matsuki, Atsushi, Yum, Seong Soo, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Carslaw, Ken, Stratmann, Frank, Gysel, Martin, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Library and Information Sciences, Information Systems, Education, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.3.

Published
2018

25. Ice nucleating ability of particulate emissions from solid biomass-fired cookstoves: an experimental study

Author

Korhonen, Kimmo, primary, Bjerring Kristensen, Thomas, additional, Falk, John, additional, Lindgren, Robert, additional, Andersen, Christina, additional, Carvalho, Ricardo Luis, additional, Berg-Malmborg, Vilhelm, additional, Eriksson, Axel, additional, Boman, Christoffer, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Komppula, Mika, additional, Lehtinen, Kari E. J., additional, and Virtanen, Annele, additional

Published
2019
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28. Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements

Author

Nieminen, Tuomo, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Petaja, Tuukka, Aalto, Pasi P., Arshinov, Mikhail, Asmi, Eija, Baltensperger, Urs, Beddows, David C. S., Beukes, Johan Paul, Collins, Don, Ding, Aijun, Harrison, Roy M., Henzing, Bas, Hooda, Rakesh, Hu, Min, Horrak, Urmas, Kivekas, Niku, Komsaare, Kaupo, Krejci, Radovan, Kristensson, Adam, Laakso, Lauri, Laaksonen, Ari, Leaitch, W. Richard, Lihavainen, Heikki, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Nemeth, Zoltan, Nie, Wei, O'Dowd, Colin, Salma, Imre, Sellegri, Karine, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Swietlicki, Erik, Tunved, Peter, Ulevicius, Vidmantas, Vakkari, Ville, Vana, Marko, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wu, Zhijun, Virtanen, Annele, Kulmala, Markku, Nieminen, Tuomo, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Petaja, Tuukka, Aalto, Pasi P., Arshinov, Mikhail, Asmi, Eija, Baltensperger, Urs, Beddows, David C. S., Beukes, Johan Paul, Collins, Don, Ding, Aijun, Harrison, Roy M., Henzing, Bas, Hooda, Rakesh, Hu, Min, Horrak, Urmas, Kivekas, Niku, Komsaare, Kaupo, Krejci, Radovan, Kristensson, Adam, Laakso, Lauri, Laaksonen, Ari, Leaitch, W. Richard, Lihavainen, Heikki, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Nemeth, Zoltan, Nie, Wei, O'Dowd, Colin, Salma, Imre, Sellegri, Karine, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Swietlicki, Erik, Tunved, Peter, Ulevicius, Vidmantas, Vakkari, Ville, Vana, Marko, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wu, Zhijun, Virtanen, Annele, and Kulmala, Markku

Abstract

Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important phenomenon in terms of global particle number concentrations. Here we investigated the frequency of NPF, formation rates of 10 nm particles, and growth rates in the size range of 10-25 nm using at least 1 year of aerosol number size-distribution observations at 36 different locations around the world. The majority of these measurement sites are in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the NPF frequency has a strong seasonal variability. At the measurement sites analyzed in this study, NPF occurs most frequently in March-May (on about 30 % of the days) and least frequently in December-February (about 10 % of the days). The median formation rate of 10 nm particles varies by about 3 orders of magnitude (0.01-10 cm(-3) s(-1)) and the growth rate by about an order of magnitude (1-10 nm h(-1)). The smallest values of both formation and growth rates were observed at polar sites and the largest ones in urban environments or anthropogenically influenced rural sites. The correlation between the NPF event frequency and the particle formation and growth rate was at best moderate among the different measurement sites, as well as among the sites belonging to a certain environmental regime. For a better understanding of atmospheric NPF and its regional importance, we would need more observational data from different urban areas in practically all parts of the world, from additional remote and rural locations in North America, Asia, and most of the Southern Hemisphere (especially Australia), from polar areas, and from at least a few locations over the oceans.

Published
2018
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29. Corrigendum: Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Author

Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Schmale, Julia, Henning, Silvia, Henzing, Bas, Keskinen, Helmi, Sellegri, Karine, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, Kalivitis, Nikos, Stavroulas, Iasonas, Jefferson, Anne, Park, Minsu, Schlag, Patrick, Kristensson, Adam, Iwamoto, Yoko, Pringle, Kirsty, Reddington, Carly, Aalto, Pasi, Äijälä, Mikko, Baltensperger, Urs, Bialek, Jakub, Birmili, Wolfram, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Ehn, Mikael, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Fiebig, Markus, Frank, Göran, Fröhlich, Roman, Frumau, Arnoud, Furuya, Masaki, Hammer, Emanuel, Heikkinen, Liine, Herrmann, Erik, Holzinger, Rupert, Hyono, Hiroyuki, Kanakidou, Maria, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Kinouchi, Kento, Kos, Gerard, Kulmala, Markku, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Motos, Ghislain, Nenes, Athanasios, O'Dowd, Colin, Paramonov, Mikhail, Petäjä, Tuukka, Picard, David, Poulain, Laurent, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Slowik, Jay, Sonntag, Andre, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wittbom, Cerina, Ogren, John A., Matsuki, Atsushi, Yum, Seong Soo, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Carslaw, Ken, Stratmann, Frank, Gysel, Martin, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Schmale, Julia, Henning, Silvia, Henzing, Bas, Keskinen, Helmi, Sellegri, Karine, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, Kalivitis, Nikos, Stavroulas, Iasonas, Jefferson, Anne, Park, Minsu, Schlag, Patrick, Kristensson, Adam, Iwamoto, Yoko, Pringle, Kirsty, Reddington, Carly, Aalto, Pasi, Äijälä, Mikko, Baltensperger, Urs, Bialek, Jakub, Birmili, Wolfram, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Ehn, Mikael, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Fiebig, Markus, Frank, Göran, Fröhlich, Roman, Frumau, Arnoud, Furuya, Masaki, Hammer, Emanuel, Heikkinen, Liine, Herrmann, Erik, Holzinger, Rupert, Hyono, Hiroyuki, Kanakidou, Maria, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Kinouchi, Kento, Kos, Gerard, Kulmala, Markku, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Motos, Ghislain, Nenes, Athanasios, O'Dowd, Colin, Paramonov, Mikhail, Petäjä, Tuukka, Picard, David, Poulain, Laurent, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Slowik, Jay, Sonntag, Andre, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wittbom, Cerina, Ogren, John A., Matsuki, Atsushi, Yum, Seong Soo, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Carslaw, Ken, Stratmann, Frank, and Gysel, Martin

Published
2018

30. Particle emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine as ice-nuclei in immersion freezing mode: an experimental study on fossil and renewable fuels.

Author

Korhonen, Kimmo, Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, Falk, John, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., Eriksson, Axel, Gren, Louise, Novakovic, Maja, Shamun, Sam, Karjalainen, Panu, Markkula, Lassi, Pagels, Joakim, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tunér, Martin, Komppula, Mika, Laaksonen, Ari, and Virtanen, Annele

Abstract

We studied ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel engine using three different types of fuel. The polydisperse particle emissions were sampled during engine operation and introduced to a continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) instrument at a constant relative humidity RHwater = 110 %, and temperature was ramped between -43 °C and -32 °C (T-scan). The tested fuels were EN 590 compliant low-sulfur fossil diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME), and all were investigated without blending. Sampling was carried out at different stages in the engine exhaust after-treatment system, with and without simulated atmospheric processing using an oxidation flow reactor. In addition to ice-nucleation experiments, we used supportive instrumentation to characterize the emission particles and present six different physical and chemical properties of them. We found that the studied emissions were poor ice-nucleators and substitution of fossil diesel with renewable fuels, using different emission after-treatment systems and photochemical aging of total exhaust had only little effect on their ice-nucleating abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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31. Data Descriptor: Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Author

Schmale, Julia, Henning, Silvia, Henzing, Bas, Keskinen, Helmi, Sellegri, Karine, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, Kalivitis, Nikos, Stavroulas, Iasonas, Jefferson, Anne, Park, Minsu, Schlag, Patrick, Kristensson, Adam, Iwamoto, Yoko, Pringle, Kirsty, Reddington, Carly, Aalto, Pasi, Äijälä, Mikko, Baltensperger, Urs, Bialek, Jakub, Birmili, Wolfram, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Ehn, Mikael, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Fiebig, Markus, Frank, Göran, Fröhlich, Roman, Frumau, Arnoud, Furuya, Masaki, Hammer, Emanuel, Heikkinen, Liine, Herrmann, Erik, Holzinger, Rupert, Hyono, Hiroyuki, Kanakidou, Maria, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Kinouchi, Kento, Kos, Gerard P A, Kulmala, Markku, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Motos, Ghislain, Nenes, Athanasios, O'Dowd, Colin, Paramonov, Mikhail, Petäjä, Tuukka, Picard, David, Poulain, Laurent, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Slowik, Jay, Sonntag, Andre, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wittbom, Cerina, Ogren, John A., Matsuki, Atsushi, Yum, Seong Soo, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Carslaw, Ken, Stratmann, Frank, Gysel, Martin, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Library and Information Sciences, Information Systems, Education, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations alongside with submicrometer particle number size distributions and particle chemical composition have been measured at atmospheric observatories of the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS) as well as other international sites over multiple years. Here, harmonized data records from 11 observatories are summarized, spanning 98,677 instrument hours for CCN data, 157,880 for particle number size distributions, and 70,817 for chemical composition data. The observatories represent nine different environments, e.g., Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Mediterranean maritime, boreal forest, or high alpine atmospheric conditions. This is a unique collection of aerosol particle properties most relevant for studying aerosol-cloud interactions which constitute the largest uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate. The dataset is appropriate for comprehensive aerosol characterization (e.g., closure studies of CCN), model-measurement intercomparison and satellite retrieval method evaluation, among others. Data have been acquired and processed following international recommendations for quality assurance and have undergone multiple stages of quality assessment.

Published
2017

32. Properties and emission factors of CCN from biomass cookstoves - observations of a strong dependency on potassium content in the fuel.

Author

Bjerring Kristensen, Thomas, Falk, John, Lindgren, Robert, Andersen, Christina, Malmborg, Vilhelm B., Eriksson, Axel C., Korhonen, Kimmo, Luis Carvalho, Ricardo, Boman, Christoffer, Pagels, Joakim, and Svenningsson, Birgitta

Abstract

Residential biomass combustion is a significant source of aerosol particles on regional and global scales influencing climate and human health. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) emitted from biomass burning of solid fuels in different cookstoves mostly of relevance to Sub-Saharan East Africa. The traditional 3-stone fire (3S) and a rocket stove (RS) were used for combustion of wood logs of sesbania (ses) and casuarina (cas) with birch (bir) used as a reference. A natural draft (ND) and a forced draft (FD) pellet stove were used for combustion of pelletized sesbania and pelletized Swedish softwood (sw) alone or in mixtures with pelletized coffee husk (ch), rice husk (rh) or water hyacinth (wh). The CCN activity and the effective density were measured for particles with mobility diameters of ~65, ~100 and ~200 nm, respectively, and occasionally for 350 nm particles. Particle number size distributions were measured online with a fast particle analyzer. The chemical composition of the fuel ash was measured by application of standard protocols. The average particle number size distributions were by number typically dominated by an ultrafine mode, and in most cases a soot mode was centered around a mobility diameter of ~150 nm. The CCN activities decreased with increasing particle size for all experiments and ranged in terms of the hygroscopicity parameter, κ, from ~0.1 to ~0.8 for the ultrafine mode and from ~0.0 to ~0.15 for the soot mode. The CCN activity of the ultrafine mode increased with increasing combustion temperature for a given fuel, and it typically increased with increasing potassium concentration in the investigated fuels. The primary CCN and the estimated particulate matter (PM) emission factors were typically found to increase significantly with increasing potassium concentration in the fuel for a given stove. In order to link CCN emission factors to PM emission factors, knowledge about stove technology, stove operation and the inorganic fuel ash composition is needed. This complicates the use of ambient PM levels alone for estimation of CCN concentrations in regions dominated by biomass combustion aerosol, with the relation turning even more complex when accounting for atmospheric ageing of the aerosol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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35. Global analysis of continental boundary layer new particle formation based on long-term measurements

Author

Nieminen, Tuomo, primary, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Aalto, Pasi P., additional, Arshinov, Mikhail, additional, Asmi, Eija, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Beddows, David C. S., additional, Beukes, Johan Paul, additional, Collins, Don, additional, Ding, Aijun, additional, Harrison, Roy M., additional, Henzing, Bas, additional, Hooda, Rakesh, additional, Hu, Min, additional, Hõrrak, Urmas, additional, Kivekäs, Niku, additional, Komsaare, Kaupo, additional, Krejci, Radovan, additional, Kristensson, Adam, additional, Laakso, Lauri, additional, Laaksonen, Ari, additional, Leaitch, W. Richard, additional, Lihavainen, Heikki, additional, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, additional, Németh, Zoltán, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, O'Dowd, Colin, additional, Salma, Imre, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Swietlicki, Erik, additional, Tunved, Peter, additional, Ulevicius, Vidmantas, additional, Vakkari, Ville, additional, Vana, Marko, additional, Wiedensohler, Alfred, additional, Wu, Zhijun, additional, Virtanen, Annele, additional, and Kulmala, Markku, additional

Published
2018
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37. Correction: Corrigendum: Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Author

Schmale, Julia, primary, Henning, Silvia, additional, Henzing, Bas, additional, Keskinen, Helmi, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, additional, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, additional, Kalivitis, Nikos, additional, Stavroulas, Iasonas, additional, Jefferson, Anne, additional, Park, Minsu, additional, Schlag, Patrick, additional, Kristensson, Adam, additional, Iwamoto, Yoko, additional, Pringle, Kirsty, additional, Reddington, Carly, additional, Aalto, Pasi, additional, Äijälä, Mikko, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Bialek, Jakub, additional, Birmili, Wolfram, additional, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, additional, Ehn, Mikael, additional, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, additional, Fiebig, Markus, additional, Frank, Göran, additional, Fröhlich, Roman, additional, Frumau, Arnoud, additional, Furuya, Masaki, additional, Hammer, Emanuel, additional, Heikkinen, Liine, additional, Herrmann, Erik, additional, Holzinger, Rupert, additional, Hyono, Hiroyuki, additional, Kanakidou, Maria, additional, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, additional, Kinouchi, Kento, additional, Kos, Gerard, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, additional, Motos, Ghislain, additional, Nenes, Athanasios, additional, O’Dowd, Colin, additional, Paramonov, Mikhail, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Picard, David, additional, Poulain, Laurent, additional, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, additional, Slowik, Jay, additional, Sonntag, Andre, additional, Swietlicki, Erik, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, additional, Wiedensohler, Alfred, additional, Wittbom, Cerina, additional, Ogren, John A., additional, Matsuki, Atsushi, additional, Yum, Seong Soo, additional, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, additional, Carslaw, Ken, additional, Stratmann, Frank, additional, and Gysel, Martin, additional

Published
2018
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38. Data Descriptor

Author

University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Schmalel, Julia, Henning, Silvia, Henzing, Bas, Keskinen, Helmi, Sellegri, Karine, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, Kalivitis, Nikos, Stavroulas, Lasonas, Jefferson, Anne, Park, Minsu, Schlag, Patrick, Kristensson, Adam, Iwamotol, Yoko, Pringle, Kirsty, Reddington, Carly, Aalto, Pasi, Äijälä, Mikko, Baltensperger, Urs, Bialek, Jakub, Birmili, Wolfram, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Ehn, Mikael, Fjaeraa, Ann Mari, Fiebig, Markus, Frank, Goran, Frohlich, Roman, Frumau, Arnoud, Furuyals, Masaki, Hammerl', Emanuel, Heikkinen, Liine, Herrmann, Erik, Holzinger, Rupert, Hyonols, Hiroyuki, Kanakidoug, Maria, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Kinouchi, Kento, Kos, Gerard, Kulmala, Markku, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Motos, Ghislain, Nenes, Athanasios, O'Dowd, Colin, Paramonov, Mikhail, Petäjä, Tuukka, Picard, David, Poulain, Laurent, Prevot, Andre Stephan Henry, Slowik, Jay, Sonntag, Andre, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wittbom, Cerina, Ogren, John A., Matsuki, Atsushi, Yum, Seong Soo, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Carslaw, Ken, Stratmann, Frank, Gysel, Martin, University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Schmalel, Julia, Henning, Silvia, Henzing, Bas, Keskinen, Helmi, Sellegri, Karine, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, Kalivitis, Nikos, Stavroulas, Lasonas, Jefferson, Anne, Park, Minsu, Schlag, Patrick, Kristensson, Adam, Iwamotol, Yoko, Pringle, Kirsty, Reddington, Carly, Aalto, Pasi, Äijälä, Mikko, Baltensperger, Urs, Bialek, Jakub, Birmili, Wolfram, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Ehn, Mikael, Fjaeraa, Ann Mari, Fiebig, Markus, Frank, Goran, Frohlich, Roman, Frumau, Arnoud, Furuyals, Masaki, Hammerl', Emanuel, Heikkinen, Liine, Herrmann, Erik, Holzinger, Rupert, Hyonols, Hiroyuki, Kanakidoug, Maria, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Kinouchi, Kento, Kos, Gerard, Kulmala, Markku, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Motos, Ghislain, Nenes, Athanasios, O'Dowd, Colin, Paramonov, Mikhail, Petäjä, Tuukka, Picard, David, Poulain, Laurent, Prevot, Andre Stephan Henry, Slowik, Jay, Sonntag, Andre, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wittbom, Cerina, Ogren, John A., Matsuki, Atsushi, Yum, Seong Soo, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Carslaw, Ken, Stratmann, Frank, and Gysel, Martin

Abstract

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations alongside with submicrometer particle number size distributions and particle chemical composition have been measured at atmospheric observatories of the Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure (ACTRIS) as well as other international sites over multiple years. Here, harmonized data records from 11 observatories are summarized, spanning 98,677 instrument hours for CCN data, 157,880 for particle number size distributions, and 70,817 for chemical composition data. The observatories represent nine different environments, e.g., Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Mediterranean maritime, boreal forest, or high alpine atmospheric conditions. This is a unique collection of aerosol particle properties most relevant for studying aerosol-cloud interactions which constitute the largest uncertainty in anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate. The dataset is appropriate for comprehensive aerosol characterization (e.g., closure studies of CCN), model-measurement intercomparison and satellite retrieval method evaluation, among others. Data have been acquired and processed following international recommendations for quality assurance and have undergone multiple stages of quality assessment.

Published
2017

39. Data Descriptor: Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Author

Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Schmale, Julia, Henning, Silvia, Henzing, Bas, Keskinen, Helmi, Sellegri, Karine, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, Kalivitis, Nikos, Stavroulas, Iasonas, Jefferson, Anne, Park, Minsu, Schlag, Patrick, Kristensson, Adam, Iwamoto, Yoko, Pringle, Kirsty, Reddington, Carly, Aalto, Pasi, Äijälä, Mikko, Baltensperger, Urs, Bialek, Jakub, Birmili, Wolfram, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Ehn, Mikael, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Fiebig, Markus, Frank, Göran, Fröhlich, Roman, Frumau, Arnoud, Furuya, Masaki, Hammer, Emanuel, Heikkinen, Liine, Herrmann, Erik, Holzinger, Rupert, Hyono, Hiroyuki, Kanakidou, Maria, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Kinouchi, Kento, Kos, Gerard P A, Kulmala, Markku, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Motos, Ghislain, Nenes, Athanasios, O'Dowd, Colin, Paramonov, Mikhail, Petäjä, Tuukka, Picard, David, Poulain, Laurent, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Slowik, Jay, Sonntag, Andre, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wittbom, Cerina, Ogren, John A., Matsuki, Atsushi, Yum, Seong Soo, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Carslaw, Ken, Stratmann, Frank, Gysel, Martin, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Schmale, Julia, Henning, Silvia, Henzing, Bas, Keskinen, Helmi, Sellegri, Karine, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, Kalivitis, Nikos, Stavroulas, Iasonas, Jefferson, Anne, Park, Minsu, Schlag, Patrick, Kristensson, Adam, Iwamoto, Yoko, Pringle, Kirsty, Reddington, Carly, Aalto, Pasi, Äijälä, Mikko, Baltensperger, Urs, Bialek, Jakub, Birmili, Wolfram, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Ehn, Mikael, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, Fiebig, Markus, Frank, Göran, Fröhlich, Roman, Frumau, Arnoud, Furuya, Masaki, Hammer, Emanuel, Heikkinen, Liine, Herrmann, Erik, Holzinger, Rupert, Hyono, Hiroyuki, Kanakidou, Maria, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, Kinouchi, Kento, Kos, Gerard P A, Kulmala, Markku, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Motos, Ghislain, Nenes, Athanasios, O'Dowd, Colin, Paramonov, Mikhail, Petäjä, Tuukka, Picard, David, Poulain, Laurent, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Slowik, Jay, Sonntag, Andre, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Wittbom, Cerina, Ogren, John A., Matsuki, Atsushi, Yum, Seong Soo, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, Carslaw, Ken, Stratmann, Frank, and Gysel, Martin

Published
2017

42. Supplementary material to "Morphological transformation of soot: investigation of microphysical processes during the condensation of sulfuric acid and limonene ozonolysis product vapors"

Author

Pei, Xiangyu, primary, Hallquist, Mattias, additional, Eriksson, Axel C., additional, Pagels, Joakim H., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Mentel, Thomas, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Brune, William, additional, and Pathak, Ravi Kant, additional

Published
2017
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43. Influence of fuel ethanol content on primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation potential for a modern flex-fuel gasoline vehicle

Author

Timonen, Hilkka, primary, Karjalainen, Panu, additional, Saukko, Erkka, additional, Saarikoski, Sanna, additional, Aakko-Saksa, Päivi, additional, Simonen, Pauli, additional, Murtonen, Timo, additional, Dal Maso, Miikka, additional, Kuuluvainen, Heino, additional, Bloss, Matthew, additional, Ahlberg, Erik, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, Brune, William H., additional, Keskinen, Jorma, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Hillamo, Risto, additional, and Rönkkö, Topi, additional

Published
2017
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44. Collocated observations of cloud condensation nuclei, particle size distributions, and chemical composition

Author

Schmale, Julia, primary, Henning, Silvia, additional, Henzing, Bas, additional, Keskinen, Helmi, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Ovadnevaite, Jurgita, additional, Bougiatioti, Aikaterini, additional, Kalivitis, Nikos, additional, Stavroulas, Iasonas, additional, Jefferson, Anne, additional, Park, Minsu, additional, Schlag, Patrick, additional, Kristensson, Adam, additional, Iwamoto, Yoko, additional, Pringle, Kirsty, additional, Reddington, Carly, additional, Aalto, Pasi, additional, Äijälä, Mikko, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Bialek, Jakub, additional, Birmili, Wolfram, additional, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, additional, Ehn, Mikael, additional, Fjæraa, Ann Mari, additional, Fiebig, Markus, additional, Frank, Göran, additional, Fröhlich, Roman, additional, Frumau, Arnoud, additional, Furuya, Masaki, additional, Hammer, Emanuel, additional, Heikkinen, Liine, additional, Herrmann, Erik, additional, Holzinger, Rupert, additional, Hyono, Hiroyuki, additional, Kanakidou, Maria, additional, Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid, additional, Kinouchi, Kento, additional, Kos, Gerard, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, additional, Motos, Ghislain, additional, Nenes, Athanasios, additional, O’Dowd, Colin, additional, Paramonov, Mikhail, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Picard, David, additional, Poulain, Laurent, additional, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, additional, Slowik, Jay, additional, Sonntag, Andre, additional, Swietlicki, Erik, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Tsurumaru, Hiroshi, additional, Wiedensohler, Alfred, additional, Wittbom, Cerina, additional, Ogren, John A., additional, Matsuki, Atsushi, additional, Yum, Seong Soo, additional, Myhre, Cathrine Lund, additional, Carslaw, Ken, additional, Stratmann, Frank, additional, and Gysel, Martin, additional

Published
2017
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45. Ice nucleating ability of particulate emissions from solid biomass-fired cookstoves: an experimental study.

Author

Korhonen, Kimmo, Kristensen, Thomas Bjerring, Falk, John, Lindgren, Robert, Andersen, Christina, Carvalho, Ricardo Luis, Berg-Malmborg, Vilhelm, Eriksson, Axel, Boman, Christoffer, Pagels, Joakim, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Komppula, Mika, Lehtinen, Kari E. J., and Virtanen, Annele

Abstract

Ice nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from solid-fuel burning cookstoves were studied using a portable ice nuclei counter SPIN (SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei) as part of the SUSTAINE (Salutary Umeå STudy of Aerosols IN Biomass Cookstove Emissions) laboratory experiment campaign. The emissions were generated from two traditional cookstove types commonly used for household cooking in sub-Saharan Africa, and two advanced gasifier stoves which are under research to promote sustainable development alternatives. The studied solid fuels included biomass from two different African tree species, Swedish softwood and agricultural residue products relevant to the region. Measurements were performed with a modified version of the standard water boiling test on (1) polydisperse samples from flue gas during burning and (2) size-selected accumulation mode (250-500 nm) soot particles from a 15-m³ aerosol-storage chamber, from which the particles were introduced to water-supersaturated freezing conditions in the SPIN. We observed that accumulation mode soot particles generally produced an ice-activated fraction of 10-3 in temperatures that were 1-1.5 °C higher than what was required for homogeneous freezing at fixed RHwater = 115%. Five special experiments where the combustion performance of one cookstove was intentionally modified were also performed, which led to a significant increase in the ice nucleating ability of the particles in two experiments, resulting in 10-3 ice activation at up to 5.9 °C higher temperatures than homogeneous freezing. Moreover, six different physico-chemical properties of the emission particles were investigated but we did not find a clear correlation between them and increasing ice-nucleating ability. We conclude that in general, the studied freshly emitted combustion aerosols only facilitate immersion freezing at temperatures moderately above where homogeneous freezing occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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47. Supplementary material to "Influence of fuel ethanol content on primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation potential for a modern flex-fuel gasoline vehicle"

Author

Timonen, Hilkka, primary, Karjalainen, Panu, additional, Saukko, Erkka, additional, Saarikoski, Sanna, additional, Aakko-Saksa, Päivi, additional, Simonen, Pauli, additional, Murtonen, Timo, additional, Dal Maso, Miikka, additional, Kuuluvainen, Heino, additional, Ahlberg, Erik, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, Brune, William H., additional, Keskinen, Jorma, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Hillamo, Risto, additional, and Rönkkö, Topi, additional

Published
2016
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48. Influence of fuel ethanol content on primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation potential for a modern flex-fuel gasoline vehicle

Author

Timonen, Hilkka, primary, Karjalainen, Panu, additional, Saukko, Erkka, additional, Saarikoski, Sanna, additional, Aakko-Saksa, Päivi, additional, Simonen, Pauli, additional, Murtonen, Timo, additional, Dal Maso, Miikka, additional, Kuuluvainen, Heino, additional, Ahlberg, Erik, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Pagels, Joakim, additional, Brune, William H., additional, Keskinen, Jorma, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Hillamo, Risto, additional, and Rönkkö, Topi, additional

Published
2016
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49. Time-resolved characterization of primary particle emissions and secondary particle formation from a modern gasoline passenger car

Author

Karjalainen, Panu, primary, Timonen, Hilkka, additional, Saukko, Erkka, additional, Kuuluvainen, Heino, additional, Saarikoski, Sanna, additional, Aakko-Saksa, Päivi, additional, Murtonen, Timo, additional, Bloss, Matthew, additional, Dal Maso, Miikka, additional, Simonen, Pauli, additional, Ahlberg, Erik, additional, Svenningsson, Birgitta, additional, Brune, William Henry, additional, Hillamo, Risto, additional, Keskinen, Jorma, additional, and Rönkkö, Topi, additional

Published
2016
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50. Cloud droplet activity measurements of coated soot particles

Author

Wittbom, Cerina, Poulsen, M B, Pei, Xianqyu, Pathak, Ravi, Hallquist, Mattias, Eriksson, Axel, Nordin, Erik, Pagels, Joakim, Rissler, Jenny, Swietlicki, Erik, Svenningsson, Birgitta, Wittbom, Cerina, Poulsen, M B, Pei, Xianqyu, Pathak, Ravi, Hallquist, Mattias, Eriksson, Axel, Nordin, Erik, Pagels, Joakim, Rissler, Jenny, Swietlicki, Erik, and Svenningsson, Birgitta

Published
2015

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