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Med utgångspunkt i svensk forskning beskriver Svedin, Johansson och Landberg erfarenheter av utsatthet för olika former av våld och sambandet mellan våld och psykisk ohälsa bland ungdomar med funktionsnedsättningar. Författarna beskriver att barn och unga med någon form av funktionsnedsättning löper en fördubblad risk för att bli utsatta för våld. Det gäller framförallt ungdomar med neuropsykiatriska och andra psykiatriska tillstånd. Risken för utsatthet ökar även med antalet funktionsnedsättningar. Författarna resonerar kring hur utsattheten kan förstås och vad som behöver göras för att motverka sårbarheten för våld och övergrepp bland barn och unga med funktionsnedsättning. De menar bland annat att det behövs ökad medvetenhet och kunskap, engagemang och samtal om våld samt information som anpassas till barn och unga med funktionsnedsättning.

BACKGROUND: Young people have been especially affected by the psychosocial consequences of the covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 has potentially also been more stressful for vulnerable groups with mental health problems. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the psychosocial effects of covid-19 in a vulnerable group of adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) from a sample of 1602 Swedish high-school students were examined. Data were collected in 2020 and 2021. First, adolescents with and without NSSI were compared on how they perceived the psychosocial impact of covid-19, and second, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine whether lifetime NSSI experience was associated with perceived psychosocial consequences of covid-19, when demographic variables and symptoms of mental health problems were controlled for. Interaction effects were also examined. RESULTS: Significantly more individuals with NSSI reported being burdened by covid-19 compared to those without NSSI. When demographic variables and mental health symptoms were controlled for, adding NSSI experience did not, however, increase the amount of variance explained in the model. The total model explained 23.2% of the variance in perceived psychosocial impact of covid-19. Perceiving the family's financial situation as poor and neither good nor bad, studying a theoretical high school program, symptoms of depression and difficulties with emotion regulation were significantly associated with perceived negative psychosocial impact of the covid-19 pandemic. There was a significant interaction effect between NSSI experience and depressive symptoms. The effect of NSSI experience was larger when depressive symptoms were lower. CONCLUSIONS: Lifetime NSSI experience in itself was not associated with psychosocial covid-19 consequences when other variables were controlled for, whereas symptoms of depression and difficulties with emotion regulation were. Results imply that vulnerable adolescents wit

I december 2022 gavs forskare vid Marie Cederschiöld högskola i uppdrag av den statliga utredningen “Skydd, stöd och vård för personer som har utsatts för övergrepp vid produktion eller distribution av pornografi” (A 2022:02) att utföra en kvalitativ forskningsstudie riktad mot vuxna som blivit filmade eller fotograferade för pornografiproduktion. Syftet med studien var att få en djupare insikt i situationen för människor som förekommer i pornografi med fokus på utsattheten för våld och dess följder, samt behovet av och tillgängligheten till skydd, stöd och vård. Studien har främst en kvalitativ design, men innehåller även kvantitativa inslag. Metoden som användes innebar att deltagarna rekryterades via en annons, distribuerad genom sociala medier och på fysiska mottagningar med stöd av offentliga aktörer och ideella organisationer. Totalt intervjuades 26 personer mellan 26 mars och 19 juni 2023. Intervjun bestod av en kvantitativ enkät och en djupintervju som berörde ämnen som uppväxt, våldsutsatthet i samband med pornografi, hälsostatus, erfarenheter av att söka stöd och aktuella behov. Kvantitativ data bearbetades med deskriptiv statistik via SPSS, medan kvalitativ data analyserades genom reflexiv tematisk analys. Resultaten från enkätundersökningen visade att majoriteten av deltagarna var under 18 år då första inspelningen av pornografi gjordes och majoriteten hade erfarenheter av såväl olika former av traumatiska händelser under uppväxten som ogynnsamma uppväxtvillkor. Alla utom en hade erfarenheter av sexuella övergrepp under uppväxten. Majoriteten av deltagarna beskrev också i enkäten ett tvång och en våldsutsatthet under själva pornografiproduktionen. Deras hälsa präglades av långvarig psykisk ohälsa där ångest, depression, posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) och dissociation var framträdande. De flesta hade någon gång blivit diagnosticerade med en eller flera psykiatriska diagnoser och varit i kontakt med många olika myndigheter/vårdgivare. Resultaten från

Våld mot barn är ett allvarligt samhällsproblem och en rättighetskränkning som alltför många barn i Sverige har erfarenhet av. I den här rapporten belyser vi den särskilda utsatthet för våld som drabbar barn och ungdomar med funktionsnedsättning inklusive kronisk sjukdom. Målgruppen för rapporten är yrkesverksamma och beslutsfattare inom alla olika samhällsområden som rör barn och unga. Vi har låtit ett nationellt representativt urval av 3 268 elever i årskurs tre på gymnasiet svara anonymt på en enkät vilket ger en bild av deras erfarenheter av sexuella övergrepp och andra former av våld under hela uppväxten. Materialet samlades in under tiden december 2019 till mars 2021. Undersökningen har genomförts av forskare från Marie Cederschiöld högskola på uppdrag av Stiftelsen Allmänna Barnhuset och har finansierats av regeringen. Studien visar att funktionsnedsättning närmast fördubblade sannolikheten för att ha blivit mobbad, psykiskt misshandlad, fysiskt misshandlad eller att ha blivit utsatt för sexuella övergrepp. Det mer än fördubblade risken att ha blivit utsatt för sexuell exploatering. Ungdomar med neuropsykiatriska eller psykiatriska tillstånd var särskilt utsatta.

BACKGROUND: Educational attainment is highly associated with future health and independence. Throughout childhood, children are exposed to factors that may promote educational attainment and factors that may be associated with a reduced likelihood of being able to complete their education. The purpose of the current study was to investigate which factors, measured from birth up to finishing upper secondary school, were associated with a lower mean grade point average from lower and upper secondary school as well as eligibility to upper secondary school and college/university. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study on 1723 children born in 1995/1996 who have been followed until they were 20 years old. Information with respect to maternal sociodemographics, maternal stress factors during pregnancy and childhood, birth characteristics of the child, child behavior at 3 and 12 years of age, and mean grade point average from lower and upper secondary school, including eligibility to upper secondary school and college/university was collected. RESULTS: Children exhibiting high problems scores on the child behavior checklist at 12 years of age and children or having other living arrangements (e.g. foster parents or institutional care) were less likely to fulfill the requirements for upper secondary school (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17-0.71 and OR = 0.33 95% CI = 0.17-0.65, respectively). The likelihood of fulfilling the requirements to college/university was lower if the child had divorced parents at three years of age (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.58) and exhibited externalizing problems at 12 years of age (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.24-0.86) and if the mother had experienced high level of stress at (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14-0.77). CONCLUSION: Identifying mothers with high level of stressors as well as children with externalizing behaviour problems to provide guidance and support is very important as these two factors appear to be associated with future study performance in both lower

Background: Research shows child abuse to be devastating for psychological health, but children and adolescents display varying reactions from maltreatment. Resilience is known as a protective factor, but sparse research is conducted on adolescents or assess resilience with consideration of ecological theories. Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ) was developed to assess the five dimensions: Individual, Family, Peers, School, and Community and covers the broader ecological resilience spectrum. Objective: As resilience is a part of the human being survival system we wanted to investigate if resilience measured with ARQ, could moderate associations between experiences of trauma and trauma symptoms. Method: Six hundred fifty adolescents between 15 and 17 years old were asked to complete the Linkoping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES), the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), and the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire (ARQ). Result: The results showed that high scores on any dimension of the ARQ were negatively associated with trauma symptoms and that the dimension Peers moderated the effect of trauma symptoms on both interpersonal traumatic events and adverse childhood circumstances for males. The dimension Family moderated the effect of trauma symptoms on noninterpersonal traumatic events for females. Conclusion: Resilience seems to be an important factor when it comes to evaluating posttraumatic symptoms and that different resilience factors have different meanings for different types of traumas as well for boys and girls.

The aim of this study was to examine the association between watching pornography and poor mental health in three repeated cross-sectional surveys in Sweden (2004, 2009, 2014) among high school seniors (13,277 students) with an average age of 18 years. The same index questions concerning ever having watched pornography and the frequency of watching pornography during the last year were combined with three different measures of psychological health and background control variables in multiple logistic regression and forward stepwise logistic regression models. The repeated cross-sectional surveys did not find any consistent associations across years between poor mental health and ever having watched pornography or the frequency of watching pornography. Having watched deviant pornography (containing violence, children and/or animals) was associated with poor mental health among boys in two surveys but only in one survey among girls. Other characteristics, such as mother's unemployment (especially boys), parenting style (especially high controlling parents among boys) and experiences of sexual abuse (especially penetrating abuse among girls), were more consistently and strongly associated to poor mental health across the three surveys. This study stresses the importance of controlling for multiple background variables when studying the association between watching pornography and mental health, since the association might primarily be explained by underlying confounding variables.

Den här skriften ger en kort sammanfattning av resultaten från den fjärde nationella studien på området ungdomars sexualitet och utsatthet för sexuella övergrepp och sexuell exploatering. Ett representativt urval av drygt 3 000 gymnasieelever har fått svara på frågor om sina erfarenheter av sexuella övergrepp och sexuell exploatering under uppväxten. Resultaten i den här skriften bygger på vad eleverna själva har valt att berätta. Undersökningen har genomförts av forskare från Marie Cederschiöld högskola på uppdrag av Stiftelsen Allmänna Barnhuset och har finansierats av regeringen. I studien uppgav var fjärde elev att de någon gång under sin uppväxt utsatts för någon form av sexuellt övergrepp. Sist undersökningen genomfördes 2014 var det var femte elev. Flickor var betydligt mer utsatta än pojkar, drygt var tredje flicka uppger att hon varit utsatt för övergrepp under sin uppväxt. Sexuella övergrepp kan och ska förebyggas, och det förebyggande arbetet behöver bygga på kunskaper och fakta.

Funding agency: Projekt DEAL.

Sexual abuse is a crime with devastating health consequences. Accessible, acceptable and affordable treatment of PTSD after sexual abuse is important. In this pilot study, a one-session PTSD treatment and a modified perspective to PTSD treatment is introduced. The aim of the study was to test the efficacy of one session of Modified Lifespan Integration (MLI) on reduction of symptoms of PTSD in individuals with PTSD after one sexual assault. This was a single-center, individually randomized waitlist-controlled treatment study with 1:1 allocation, with the intervention of one 90 - 140 minutes session of MLI and with post-treatment follow-up at 3 weeks (time point two). All participants were females, mean age 24, with PTSD symptoms after one sexual assault during the past 5 years. Exclusion criteria were poor understanding of Swedish, multiple traumas, active substance abuse, active psychosis, ADHD, or autism spectrum disorder. Of 135 interested participants, 38 were finally included, 36 completed baseline measures and were included in the intent to treat analyses and 33 were analyzed per protocol. The primary outcome was the difference between the two trial arms in mean PTSD symptoms as measured by the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) at time point two. In the intervention arm, 72% no longer scored PTSD in per-protocol analysis, compared to 6% in the waiting list arm. IES-R scores were on average halved in the intervention arm (F=21.37, P<0.001), but were essentially unchanged in the waiting list arm. No adverse effects or drop-outs were seen. One session of Modified Lifespan Integration was an effective treatment with a low drop-out rate for females aged 15-65 with PTSD after one sexual assault. Provided that this result can be replicated, MLI should be offered to these patients in clinical settings. Registration number NCT03141047 was given 03/25/2016 at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/).