212 results on '"Svatopluk Civiš"'
Search Results
2. Formamide-Based Post-impact Thermal Prebiotic Synthesis in Simulated Craters: Intermediates, Products and Mechanism
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Antonín Knížek, Lukáš Petera, Adam Pastorek, Jana Hrnčířová, Luboš Jankovič, Ondřej Ivanek, Jiří Šponer, Anna Křivková, Homa Saeidfirozeh, Svatopluk Civiš, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Klaudia Mráziková, Lukáš Nejdl, Franz Saija, Judit E. Šponer, and Giuseppe Cassone
- Subjects
prebiotic chemistry ,origin of life ,formamide ,FTIR spectroscopy ,quantum-mechanical calculations ,ab initio molecular dynamics ,Astronomy ,QB1-991 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
Influx of matter from impacting meteoroids and hydrothermal crater weathering are important factors modifying the rock and mineral inventory of young planets undergoing heavy bombardment. These processes may have influenced not only the geochemical environment of, e.g., early Mars and other planets, but also the peculiar prebiotic chemistry on early Earth. Here, we present a synergistic experimental and computational investigation of the intermediates of chemical reactions of the formamide-based synthesis of canonical and non-canonical nucleobases by thermochemistry in hot hydrothermal crater environments. We put our findings into context with previously investigated plasma-initiated synthesis occuring directly during impact. Both processes result into the formation of all canonical nucleobases, hypoxanthine, purine, and into the onset of the simplest amino acid glycine. Furthermore, it turns out that radical species such as CN and H play a key role in the plasma-assisted impact chemistry. However, post-impact thermochemistry is essential for the origin of formamidine and 2-aminoacetonitrile, intermediate species detected in this study by means of FTIR spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Infrared Spectra of Small Radicals for Exoplanetary Spectroscopy: OH, NH, CN and CH: The State of Current Knowledge
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Adam Pastorek, Martin Ferus, Sergei N. Yurchenko, and Noor-Ines Boudjema
- Subjects
radicals ,spectroscopy ,infrared spectra ,short living radicals ,unstable species ,atmospheric chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
In this study, we present a current state-of-the-art review of middle-to-near IR emission spectra of four simple astrophysically relevant molecular radicals—OH, NH, CN and CH. The spectra of these radicals were measured by means of time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the 700–7500 cm−1 spectral range and with 0.07–0.02 cm−1 spectral resolution. The radicals were generated in a glow discharge of gaseous mixtures in a specially designed discharge cell. The spectra of short-lived radicals published here are of great importance, especially for the detailed knowledge and study of the composition of exoplanetary atmospheres in selected new planets. Today, with the help of the James Webb telescope and upcoming studies with the help of Plato and Ariel satellites, when the investigated spectral area is extended into the infrared spectral range, it means that detailed knowledge of the infrared spectra of not only stable molecules but also the spectra of short-lived radicals or ions, is indispensable. This paper follows a simple structure. Each radical is described in a separate chapter, starting with historical and actual theoretical background, continued by our experimental results and concluded by spectral line lists with assigned notation.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Morphology of Meteorite Surfaces Ablated by High-Power Lasers: Review and Applications
- Author
-
Anna Křivková, Vojtěch Laitl, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Lukáš Petera, Petr Kubelík, Antonín Knížek, Homa Saeidfirozeh, Barbora Drtinová, Václav Čuba, Dan Páclík, Tomáš Mocek, Jan Brajer, Jan Kaufman, Martin Divoký, Jakub Koukal, Roman Dudžák, Nikola Schmidt, Petr Boháček, Svatopluk Civiš, Libor Lenža, Miroslav Krůs, and Martin Ferus
- Subjects
meteorites ,high-power laser ,laser ablation ,laser–matter interaction ,laser-induced plasma ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Under controlled laboratory conditions, lasers represent a source of energy with well-defined parameters suitable for mimicking phenomena such as ablation, disintegration, and plasma formation processes that take place during the hypervelocity atmospheric entry of meteoroids. Furthermore, lasers have also been proposed for employment in future space exploration and planetary defense in a wide range of potential applications. This highlights the importance of an experimental investigation of lasers’ interaction with real samples of interplanetary matter: meteorite specimens. We summarize the results of numerous meteorite laser ablation experiments performed by several laser sources—a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser, the multislab ceramic Yb:YAG Bivoj laser, and the iodine laser known as PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System). The differences in the ablation spots’ morphology and their dependence on the laser parameters are examined via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and profilometry in the context of the meteorite properties and the physical characteristics of laser-induced plasma.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. High Energy Radical Chemistry Formation of HCN-rich Atmospheres on early Earth
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Petr Kubelík, Antonín Knížek, Adam Pastorek, John Sutherland, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Recent results in prebiotic chemistry implicate hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as the source of carbon and nitrogen for the synthesis of nucleotide, amino acid and lipid building blocks. HCN can be produced during impact events by reprocessing of carbonaceous and nitrogenous materials from both the impactor and the atmosphere; it can also be produced from these materials by electrical discharge. Here we investigate the effect of high energy events on a range of starting mixtures representative of various atmosphere-impactor volatile combinations. Using continuously scanning time–resolved spectrometry, we have detected ·CN radical and excited CO as the initially most abundant products. Cyano radicals and excited carbon monoxide molecules in particular are reactive, energy-rich species, but are resilient owing to favourable Franck–Condon factors. The subsequent reactions of these first formed excited species lead to the production of ground-state prebiotic building blocks, principally HCN.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Problem of CO2 Reabsorption in Emission Spectra
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Adam Pastorek, and Sergei N. Yurchenko
- Subjects
History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Abstract
The authors present a detailed explanation for selective reabsorption by the CO2 ν3-band when passing its optical emission through an atmospheric-pressure air column (60 cm long, 410 ppm CO2) connecting a microwave-discharge cell and the entrance window of a high-resolution Fourier Transform spectrometer. The CO2 band shapes are explained with a two-temperature model of emission and foreground absorption. Selective CO2 atmospheric reabsorption is a common effect in optical emission measurements. It primarily affects the fundamental infrared bands, which comprise the main part of the missing laboratory emission and must be taken into account in (exo)planetary atmospheric models.
- Published
- 2023
7. Hydrogen Bonding with Hydridic Hydrogen–Experimental Low-Temperature IR and Computational Study: Is a Revised Definition of Hydrogen Bonding Appropriate?
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Maximilián Lamanec, Vladimír Špirko, Jiří Kubišta, Matej Špet’ko, and Pavel Hobza
- Subjects
Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Catalysis - Published
- 2023
8. Abiotic chemical routes towards the phosphine synthesis in the atmosphere of Venus
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Giuseppe Cassone, Paul Rimmer, Franz Saija, Klaudia Mráziková, Antonín Knížek, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Abstract
Several of the Venera, Vega and Pioneer probe data as well as ground based observation support the presence of so-called Redox Disequilibrium Pairs (RDPs) in atmosphere of so hostile world as Venus (Greaves 2021). State of the art chemical networks cannot explain origin of an important RDP, phosphine, in oxidized atmosphere of Venus by a conventional processes (Bains 2021). We used the hybrid Density Functional Theory (DFT) for investigation of a series of chemical reaction pathways leading to the reduction of phosphate monoxide to phosphine. Our calculations indicated that a reaction network similar to photochemical synthesis of methane from carbon monoxide over acidic surfaces suggested for Mars (Civiš 2019) can also occur in clouds of Venus. As a seminal step, we have explored – via state-of-the-art quantum-based calculations – the a priori energetic feasibility of the following reaction:HCO(radical) + PO = CO2 + PH (biradical).Our calculations have shown that chemical conversion is constituted of three steps. Two of them are energetically favoured, however, the final conversion to phosphine is hardened by a significant activation barrier. This barrier can be overcome by a reaction of OPH radical with hydrogen radical. For assessing the potential of the newly introduced reaction mechanisms, models of the Venus and early Earth atmospheres in ARGO code and modified STAND chemical network were created and verified. Comparison of reaction yields suggests that this pathway is potentially effective enough and could be the source of phosphine recently discovered on Venus. We acknowledge the support provided by the Czech Science Foundation within the project reg. no. 21-11366S and by ERDF/ESF "Centre of Advanced Applied Sciences" (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778). We acknowledge support of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Strategy AV21, project VP16. The Czech team is part of the VenSpec-H Consortium onboard the ESA EnVision mission.References:Civiš S. et al.: Formation of Methane and (Per)Chlorates on Mars. ACS Earth Space Chem. 2019, 3, 2, 221–232.Bains W. et al.: Phosphine on Venus Cannot Be Explained by Conventional Processes. Astrobiology 2021, 10 (21), 1277-1304.Greaves J. S. et al.: Phosphine gas in the cloud decks of Venus. Nature Astronomy 2021, 5, 655–664.
- Published
- 2022
9. Plasma physics and elemental composition of a Leonid meteor: Application of a complex plasma radiation model
- Author
-
Petr Kubelík, Jakub Koukal, Libor Lenža, Jiří Srba, Vojtěch Laitl, Radka Křížová, Anna Křivková, Svatopluk Civiš, Vladislav Chernov, and Martin Ferus
- Abstract
The visible spectrum of a bright Leonid bolide was recorded and analyzed by fitting the parameters of a newly developed numerical plasma model. In this procedure, elemental composition, electron density, plasma temperature, and the density of the heavy particles were extracted from the observed spectrum. The model introduced in this study involves self-absorption and takes into account the effects of the non-homogeneous meteoric plasma on the observed emission spectra using a simple radiative transfer model. The research was funded by the Czech Science Foundation (projects nos. 18-27653S, 21-11366S and 20-10591J) and partially Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 19-52-26006). Department of Spectroscopy is supported by the ERDF/ESF "Centre of Advanced Applied Sciences" project no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778.
- Published
- 2022
10. Thermal Decomposition of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Simulations
- Author
-
Giuseppe Cassone, Svatopluk Civiš, Alan Heays, Judit E. Šponer, Lukáš Petera, Petr Kubelík, Milan Bouša, Tadeáš Kalvoda, Vladimír Táborský, Martin Ferus, Jan Drápal, Jiří Šponer, Jan Stehlík, and Antonín Knížek
- Subjects
Materials science ,Infrared ,General Chemical Engineering ,Thermal decomposition ,Analytical chemistry ,Infrared spectroscopy ,General Chemistry ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Article ,Chemistry ,symbols.namesake ,Melting point ,symbols ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Spectroscopy ,Raman spectroscopy ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Examination of thermal decomposition of street samples of cocaine and methamphetamine shows that typical products detected in previous studies are accompanied by a wide palette of simple volatile compounds easily detectable by spectral techniques. These molecules increase smoke toxicity and their spectral detection can be potentially used for identification of drug samples by well-controlled laboratory thermolysis in temperature progression. In our study, street samples of cocaine and methamphetamine have been thermolyzed under vacuum over the temperature range of 350–650 °C. The volatile products (CO, HCN, CH4, C2H4, etc.) have been monitored by high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry in this temperature range. The decomposition mechanism has been additionally examined theoretically by quantum-chemical calculations for the highest temperature achieved experimentally in our study and beyond. Prior to analysis, the street samples have also been characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and melting point determination.
- Published
- 2021
11. Abiotic Formation of Methane and Prebiotic Molecules on Mars and Other Planets
- Author
-
Antonín Knížek and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
Abiotic component ,Atmospheric Science ,Mars Exploration Program ,Methane ,Carbon cycle ,Reaction rate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Planet ,Environmental chemistry ,Carbon dioxide ,Photocatalysis - Abstract
We explored the photocatalytic (UV-driven) reduction of CO2 on mineral surfaces in acidic conditions and observed the production of methane. Based on our measured laboratory reaction rates, we esti...
- Published
- 2021
12. Application of a dielectric breakdown induced by high-power lasers for a laboratory simulation of meteor plasma
- Author
-
Petr Kubelík, Jakub Koukal, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, R. Dudžák, Anna Křivková, Martin Ferus, Lukáš Petera, Vojtěch Laitl, Libor Lenža, M. Krůs, Antonín Knížek, Svatopluk Civiš, and Dan Páclík
- Subjects
Meteor (satellite) ,Materials science ,Meteoroid ,Gas laser ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Physics::Optics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Plasma ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,Computational physics ,law.invention ,Space and Planetary Science ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Femtosecond ,Emission spectrum ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
Spectra of meteor plasma, their dynamics and dominant spectral features are usually a subject of mathematical modelling and computations. In our study, on the other hand, we describe and evaluate the advantages and limitations of the experimental techniques employed for meteor spectra simulations. The experiments are performed by ablating meteorite samples using a series of laser sources, i.e. a large terawatt−class gas laser infrastructure PALS, a high-power Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser, and laboratory Nd:YAG and ArF excimer lasers. We demonstrate that, notwithstanding the importance of theoretical spectra computation, laboratory experiments may remarkably enhance the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the meteor emission spectra measured, as well as the assignment of important spectral features therein. We also perform completing experiments to compare the laser-target interaction observed with the expected dynamics of evaporation and disintegration of a real meteoroid body.
- Published
- 2021
13. Ariel – a window to the origin of life on early earth?
- Author
-
Jiří Šponer, Sohan Jheeta, Alan Heays, Adam Pastorek, Franz Saija, Helmut Lammer, Václav Čuba, Paul B. Rimmer, Zoe R. Todd, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Judit E. Šponer, Vojtěch Adam, Antonín Knížek, Bertrand Lefloch, Barbora Drtinová, Svatopluk Civiš, Vladislav E. Chernov, Marketa Vaculovicova, Martin Ferus, Kristýna Zemánková, Lukáš Petera, Lukas Nejdl, Libor Lenža, Giuseppe Cassone, Petr Kubelík, Ákos Kereszturi, Raffaele Saladino, M. Krůs, Laurenz Sproß, Ferus, M [0000-0003-4008-2920], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Computer science ,Hadean ,sub-05 ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Planetary system ,Geologic record ,Early Earth ,01 natural sciences ,Exoplanet ,Astrobiology ,5101 Astronomical Sciences ,Space and Planetary Science ,Abiogenesis ,Planet ,0103 physical sciences ,Earth (chemistry) ,51 Physical Sciences ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
Is there life beyond Earth? An ideal research program would first ascertain how life on Earth began and then use this as a blueprint for its existence elsewhere. But the origin of life on Earth is still not understood, what then could be the way forward? Upcoming observations of terrestrial exoplanets provide a unique opportunity for answering this fundamental question through the study of other planetary systems. If we are able to see how physical and chemical environments similar to the early Earth evolve we open a window into our own Hadean eon, despite all information from this time being long lost from our planet’s geological record. A careful investigation of the chemistry expected on young exoplanets is therefore necessary, and the preparation of reference materials for spectroscopic observations is of paramount importance. In particular, the deduction of chemical markers identifying specific processes and features in exoplanetary environments, ideally “uniquely”. For instance, prebiotic feedstock molecules, in the form of aerosols and vapours, could be observed in transmission spectra in the near future whilst their surface deposits could be observed from reflectance spectra. The same detection methods also promise to identify particular intermediates of chemical and physical processes known to be prebiotically plausible. Is Ariel truly able to open a window to the past and answer questions concerning the origin of life on our planet and the universe? In this paper, we discuss aspects of prebiotic chemistry that will help in formulating future observational and data interpretation strategies for the Ariel mission. This paper is intended to open a discussion and motivate future detailed laboratory studies of prebiotic processes on young exoplanets and their chemical signatures.
- Published
- 2020
14. Nitrogen Oxide Production in Laser‐Induced Breakdown Simulating Impacts on the Hadean Atmosphere
- Author
-
Alan N. Heays, Tereza Kaiserová, Paul B. Rimmer, Antonín Knížek, Lukáš Petera, Svatopluk Civiš, Libor Juha, Roman Dudžák, Miroslav Krůs, Manuel Scherf, Helmut Lammer, Robert Pascal, and Martin Ferus
- Subjects
Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2022
15. Acidic Hydrogen Enhanced Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 on Planetary Surfaces
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Petr Kubelík, Antonín Knížek, Svatopluk Civiš, and Milan Bouša
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Planetary surface ,Proton ,Hydrogen ,Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Photochemistry ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Physics::Space Physics ,Photocatalysis ,Terrestrial planet ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Physics::Chemical Physics - Abstract
The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 is a chemical process that to some extent occurs on a planetary surface of terrestrial planets. The effect of acidic proton on the rate of the photocataly...
- Published
- 2020
16. Time-resolved fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy of NH radical in the X3Σ− ground state
- Author
-
Adam Pastorek, Victoria H.J. Clark, Sergei N. Yurchenko, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
Radiation ,Spectroscopy ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics - Published
- 2022
17. Ariel: Enabling planetary science across light-years
- Author
-
Giovanna Tinetti, Paul Eccleston, Carole Haswell, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Jérémy Leconte, Theresa Lüftinger, Giusi Micela, Michel Min, Göran Pilbratt, Ludovic Puig, Mark Swain, Leonardo Testi, Diego Turrini, Bart Vandenbussche, Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Anna Aret, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Buchhave, Lars A., Martin Ferus, Matt Griffin, Manuel Guedel, Paul Hartogh, Pedro Machado, Giuseppe Malaguti, Enric Pallé, Mirek Rataj, Tom Ray, Ignasi Ribas, Robert Szabó, Jonathan Tan, Stephanie Werner, Francesco Ratti, Carsten Scharmberg, Jean-Christophe Salvignol, Nathalie Boudin, Jean-Philippe Halain, Martin Haag, Pierre-Elie Crouzet, Ralf Kohley, Kate Symonds, Florian Renk, Andrew Caldwell, Manuel Abreu, Gustavo Alonso, Jerome Amiaux, Michel Berthé, Georgia Bishop, Neil Bowles, Manuel Carmona, Deirdre Coffey, Josep Colomé, Martin Crook, Lucile Désjonqueres, Díaz, José J., Rachel Drummond, Mauro Focardi, Gómez, Jose M., Warren Holmes, Matthijs Krijger, Zsolt Kovacs, Tom Hunt, Richardo Machado, Gianluca Morgante, Marc Ollivier, Roland Ottensamer, Emanuele Pace, Teresa Pagano, Enzo Pascale, Chris Pearson, Søren Møller Pedersen, Moshe Pniel, Stéphane Roose, Giorgio Savini, Richard Stamper, Peter Szirovicza, Janos Szoke, Ian Tosh, Francesc Vilardell, Joanna Barstow, Luca Borsato, Sarah Casewell, Quentin Changeat, Benjamin Charnay, Svatopluk Civiš, Vincent Coudé du Foresto, Athena Coustenis, Nicolas Cowan, Camilla Danielski, Olivier Demangeon, Pierre Drossart, Edwards, Billy N., Gabriella Gilli, Therese Encrenaz, Csaba Kiss, Anastasia Kokori, Masahiro Ikoma, Juan Carlos Morales, Joao Mendonca, Andrea Moneti, Lorenzo Mugnai, Antonio García Muñoz, Ravit Helled, Mihkel Kama, Yamila Miguel, Nikos Nikolaou, Isabella Pagano, Olja Panic, Miriam Rengel, Hans Rickman, Marco Rocchetto, Subhajit Sarkar, Franck Selsis, Jonathan Tennyson, Angelos Tsiaras, Olivia Venot, Krisztián Vida, Waldmann, Ingo P., Sergey Yurchenko, Gyula Szabó, Rob Zellem, Ahmed Al-Refaie, Javier Perez Alvarez, Lara Anisman, Axel Arhancet, Jaume Ateca, Robin Baeyens, Barnes, John R., Taylor Bell, Serena Benatti, Katia Biazzo, Maria Błęcka, Aldo Stefano Bonomo, José Bosch, Diego Bossini, Jeremy Bourgalais, Daniele Brienza, Anna Brucalassi, Giovanni Bruno, Hamish Caines, Simon Calcutt, Tiago Campante, Rodolfo Canestrari, Nick Cann, Giada Casali, Albert Casas, Giuseppe Cassone, Christophe Cara, Ludmila Carone, Nathalie Carrasco, Paolo Chioetto, Fausto Cortecchia, Markus Czupalla, Chubb, Katy L., Angela Ciaravella, Antonio Claret, Riccardo Claudi, Claudio Codella, Maya Garcia Comas, Gianluca Cracchiolo, Patricio Cubillos, Vania Da Peppo, Leen Decin, Clemence Dejabrun, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Anna Di Giorgio, Emiliano Diolaiti, Caroline Dorn, Vanessa Doublier, Eric Doumayrou, Georgina Dransfield, Luc Dumaye, Emma Dunford, Antonio Jimenez Escobar, Vincent Van Eylen, Maria Farina, Davide Fedele, Alejandro Fernández, Benjamin Fleury, Sergio Fonte, Jean Fontignie, Luca Fossati, Bernd Funke, Camille Galy, Zoltán Garai, Andrés García, Alberto García-Rigo, Antonio Garufi, Giuseppe Germano Sacco, Paolo Giacobbe, Alejandro Gómez, Arturo Gonzalez, Francisco Gonzalez-Galindo, Davide Grassi, Caitlin Griffith, Mario Giuseppe Guarcello, Audrey Goujon, Amélie Gressier, Aleksandra Grzegorczyk, Tristan Guillot, Gloria Guilluy, Peter Hargrave, Marie-Laure Hellin, Enrique Herrero, Matt Hills, Benoit Horeau, Yuichi Ito, Niels Christian Jessen, Petr Kabath, Szilárd Kálmán, Yui Kawashima, Tadahiro Kimura, Antonín Knížek, Laura Kreidberg, Ronald Kruid, Kruijssen, Diederik J. M., Petr Kubelík, Luisa Lara, Sebastien Lebonnois, David Lee, Maxence Lefevre, Tim Lichtenberg, Daniele Locci, Matteo Lombini, Alejandro Sanchez Lopez, Andrea Lorenzani, Ryan MacDonald, Laura Magrini, Jesus Maldonado, Emmanuel Marcq, Alessandra Migliorini, Darius Modirrousta-Galian, Karan Molaverdikhani, Sergio Molinari, Paul Mollière, Vincent Moreau, Giuseppe Morello, Gilles Morinaud, Mario Morvan, Moses, Julianne I., Salima Mouzali, Nariman Nakhjiri, Luca Naponiello, Norio Narita, Valerio Nascimbeni, Athanasia Nikolaou, Vladimiro Noce, Fabrizio Oliva, Pietro Palladino, Andreas Papageorgiou, Vivien Parmentier, Giovanni Peres, Javier Pérez, Santiago Perez-Hoyos, Manuel Perger, Cesare Cecchi Pestellini, Antonino Petralia, Anne Philippon, Arianna Piccialli, Marco Pignatari, Giampaolo Piotto, Linda Podio, Gianluca Polenta, Giampaolo Preti, Theodor Pribulla, Manuel Lopez Puertas, Monica Rainer, Jean-Michel Reess, Paul Rimmer, Séverine Robert, Albert Rosich, Loic Rossi, Duncan Rust, Ayman Saleh, Nicoletta Sanna, Eugenio Schisano, Laura Schreiber, Victor Schwartz, Antonio Scippa, Bálint Seli, Sho Shibata, Caroline Simpson, Oliver Shorttle, Skaf, N., Konrad Skup, Mateusz Sobiecki, Sergio Sousa, Alessandro Sozzetti, Judit Šponer, Lukas Steiger, Paolo Tanga, Paul Tackley, Jake Taylor, Matthias Tecza, Luca Terenzi, Pascal Tremblin, Andrea Tozzi, Amaury Triaud, Loïc Trompet, Shang-Min Tsai, Maria Tsantaki, Diana Valencia, Ann Carine Vandaele, Mathieu Van der Swaelmen, Adibekyan Vardan, Gautam Vasisht, Allona Vazan, Ciro Del Vecchio, Dave Waltham, Piotr Wawer, Thomas Widemann, Paulina Wolkenberg, Gordon Hou Yip, Yuk Yung, Mantas Zilinskas, Tiziano Zingales, Paola Zuppella, University College of London [London] (UCL), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), European Space Agency, Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Giovanna Tinetti, Paul Eccleston, Carole Haswell, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Jérémy Leconte, Theresa Lüftinger, Giusi Micela, Michel Min, Göran Pilbratt, Ludovic Puig, Mark Swain, Leonardo Testi, Diego Turrini, Bart Vandenbussche, Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Anna Aret, Jean-Philippe Beaulieu, Lars Buchhave, Martin Feru, Matt Griffin, Manuel Guedel, Paul Hartogh, Pedro Machado, Giuseppe Malaguti, Enric Pallé, Mirek Rataj, Tom Ray, Ignasi Riba, Robert Szabó, Jonathan Tan, Stephanie Werner, Francesco Ratti, Carsten Scharmberg, Jean-Christophe Salvignol, Nathalie Boudin, Jean-Philippe Halain, Martin Haag, Pierre-Elie Crouzet, Ralf Kohley, Kate Symond, Florian Renk, Andrew Caldwell, Manuel Abreu, Gustavo Alonso, Jerome Amiaux, Michel Berthé, Georgia Bishop, Neil Bowle, Manuel Carmona, Deirdre Coffey, Josep Colomé, Martin Crook, Lucile Désjonquere, José J. Díaz, Rachel Drummond, Mauro Focardi, Jose M. Gómez, Warren Holme, Matthijs Krijger, Zsolt Kovac, Tom Hunt, Richardo Machado, Gianluca Morgante, Marc Ollivier, Roland Ottensamer, Emanuele Pace, Teresa Pagano, Enzo Pascale, Chris Pearson, Søren Møller Pedersen, Moshe Pniel, Stéphane Roose, Giorgio Savini, Richard Stamper, Peter Szirovicza, Janos Szoke, Ian Tosh, Francesc Vilardell, Joanna Barstow, Luca Borsato, Sarah Casewell, Quentin Changeat, Benjamin Charnay, Svatopluk Civiš, Vincent Coudé du Foresto, Athena Cousteni, Nicolas Cowan, Camilla Danielski, Olivier Demangeon, Pierre Drossart, Billy N. Edward, Gabriella Gilli, Therese Encrenaz, Csaba Ki, Anastasia Kokori, Masahiro Ikoma, Juan Carlos Morale, João Mendonça, Andrea Moneti, Lorenzo Mugnai, Antonio García Muñoz, Ravit Helled, Mihkel Kama, Yamila Miguel, Nikos Nikolaou, Isabella Pagano, Olja Panic, Miriam Rengel, Hans Rickman, Marco Rocchetto, Subhajit Sarkar, Franck Selsi, Jonathan Tennyson, Angelos Tsiara, Olivia Venot, Krisztián Vida, Ingo P. Waldmann, Sergey Yurchenko, Gyula Szabó, Rob Zellem, Ahmed Al-Refaie, Javier Perez Alvarez, Lara Anisman, Axel Arhancet, Jaume Ateca, Robin Baeyen, John R. Barne, Taylor Bell, Serena Benatti, Katia Biazzo, Maria Błęcka, Aldo Stefano Bonomo, José Bosch, Diego Bossini, Jeremy Bourgalai, Daniele Brienza, Anna Brucalassi, Giovanni Bruno, Hamish Caine, Simon Calcutt, Tiago Campante, Rodolfo Canestrari, Nick Cann, Giada Casali, Albert Casa, Giuseppe Cassone, Christophe Cara, Ludmila Carone, Nathalie Carrasco, Paolo Chioetto, Fausto Cortecchia, Markus Czupalla, Katy L. Chubb, Angela Ciaravella, Antonio Claret, Riccardo Claudi, Claudio Codella, Maya Garcia Coma, Gianluca Cracchiolo, Patricio Cubillo, Vania Da Peppo, Leen Decin, Clemence Dejabrun, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Anna Di Giorgio, Emiliano Diolaiti, Caroline Dorn, Vanessa Doublier, Eric Doumayrou, Georgina Dransfield, Luc Dumaye, Emma Dunford, Antonio Jimenez Escobar, Vincent Van Eylen, Maria Farina, Davide Fedele, Alejandro Fernández, Benjamin Fleury, Sergio Fonte, Jean Fontignie, Luca Fossati, Bernd Funke, Camille Galy, Zoltán Garai, Andrés García, Alberto García-Rigo, Antonio Garufi, Giuseppe Germano Sacco, Paolo Giacobbe, Alejandro Gómez, Arturo Gonzalez, Francisco Gonzalez-Galindo, Davide Grassi, Caitlin Griffith, Mario Giuseppe Guarcello, Audrey Goujon, Amélie Gressier, Aleksandra Grzegorczyk, Tristan Guillot, Gloria Guilluy, Peter Hargrave, Marie-Laure Hellin, Enrique Herrero, Matt Hill, Benoit Horeau, Yuichi Ito, Niels Christian Jessen, Petr Kabath, Szilárd Kálmán, Yui Kawashima, Tadahiro Kimura, Antonín Knížek, Laura Kreidberg, Ronald Kruid, Diederik J. M. Kruijssen, Petr Kubelík, Luisa Lara, Sebastien Lebonnoi, David Lee, Maxence Lefevre, Tim Lichtenberg, Daniele Locci, Matteo Lombini, Alejandro Sanchez Lopez, Andrea Lorenzani, Ryan MacDonald, Laura Magrini, Jesus Maldonado, Emmanuel Marcq, Alessandra Migliorini, Darius Modirrousta-Galian, Karan Molaverdikhani, Sergio Molinari, Paul Mollière, Vincent Moreau, Giuseppe Morello, Gilles Morinaud, Mario Morvan, Julianne I. Mose, Salima Mouzali, Nariman Nakhjiri, Luca Naponiello, Norio Narita, Valerio Nascimbeni, Athanasia Nikolaou, Vladimiro Noce, Fabrizio Oliva, Pietro Palladino, Andreas Papageorgiou, Vivien Parmentier, Giovanni Pere, Javier Pérez, Santiago Perez-Hoyo, Manuel Perger, Cesare Cecchi Pestellini, Antonino Petralia, Anne Philippon, Arianna Piccialli, Marco Pignatari, Giampaolo Piotto, Linda Podio, Gianluca Polenta, Giampaolo Preti, Theodor Pribulla, Manuel Lopez Puerta, Monica Rainer, Jean-Michel Ree, Paul Rimmer, Séverine Robert, Albert Rosich, Loic Rossi, Duncan Rust, Ayman Saleh, Nicoletta Sanna, Eugenio Schisano, Laura Schreiber, Victor Schwartz, Antonio Scippa, Bálint Seli, Sho Shibata, Caroline Simpson, Oliver Shorttle, N. Skaf, Konrad Skup, Mateusz Sobiecki, Sergio Sousa, Alessandro Sozzetti, Judit Šponer, Lukas Steiger, Paolo Tanga, Paul Tackley, Jake Taylor, Matthias Tecza, Luca Terenzi, Pascal Tremblin, Andrea Tozzi, Amaury Triaud, Loïc Trompet, Shang-Min Tsai, Maria Tsantaki, Diana Valencia, Ann Carine Vandaele, Mathieu Van der Swaelmen, Adibekyan Vardan, Gautam Vasisht, Allona Vazan, Ciro Del Vecchio, Dave Waltham, Piotr Wawer, Thomas Widemann, Paulina Wolkenberg, Gordon Hou Yip, Yuk Yung, Mantas Zilinska, Tiziano Zingale, Paola Zuppella, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Cardon, Catherine
- Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,[SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM] ,Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] ,[SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,[SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM] - Abstract
Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution., Comment: Ariel Definition Study Report, 147 pages. Reviewed by ESA Science Advisory Structure in November 2020. Original document available at: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/1783156/3267291/Ariel_RedBook_Nov2020.pdf/
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. New physical insights: Formamide discharge decomposition and the role of fragments in the formation of large biomolecules
- Author
-
Adam Pastorek, Victoria H.J. Clark, Sergei N. Yurchenko, Martin Ferus, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
Kinetics ,Formamides ,Nitrogen ,Temperature ,Water ,Instrumentation ,Spectroscopy ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
In this work we present a time-resolved FTIR spectroscopic study on kinetics of atomic and molecular species, specifically CO, CN radical, N
- Published
- 2021
19. The spectrum of ammonia near 0.793 μm
- Author
-
Thibault Bertin, Roman I. Ovsyannikov, Vladimir Yu. Makhnev, Antonín Knížek, Jonathan Tennyson, Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, N. F. Zobov, Oleg L. Polyansky, and J. Vander Auwera
- Subjects
Radiation ,Materials science ,Absorption spectroscopy ,Nuclear motion ,Spectrum (functional analysis) ,Analytical chemistry ,Fourier transform spectrometers ,Physique atomique et moléculaire ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,symbols.namesake ,Ammonia ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fourier transform ,Spectroscopie [électromagnétisme, optique, acoustique] ,chemistry ,vibration-rotation spectroscopy ,symbols ,Chimie ,Ground state ,variational calculations ,Spectroscopy ,Excitation ,Sciences exactes et naturelles - Abstract
Two sets of NH3 absorption spectra covering the 0.793 μm region are recorded using two Bruker IFS 125 HR Fourier transform spectrometers. Three unapodized absorption spectra are recorded in Brussels over the range 11000−14500 cm−1 and the positions and intensities of 1114 ammonia lines observed in the 12491−12810 cm−1 region are measured using a multi-spectrum least squares fitting algorithm. 367 additional lines are identified in an ammonia absorption spectrum recorded in two steps at the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry in Prague, using two different interference filters covering the 12000−12500 and 12400−13000 cm−1 ranges. The 1481 measured ammonia lines are analyzed using an empirical line list computed using variational nuclear motion calculations and ground state combination differences. Transitions are assigned to vibrational states with 4νNH stretching excitation (v1+v3=4). 278 out of the 1481 measured lines are assigned to 300 transitions and 119 upper state energy levels are derived from the frequencies of the assigned transitions., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2021
20. Prebiotic synthesis at impact craters: the role of Fe-clays and iron meteorites
- Author
-
Jana Hrnčířová, Petr Kubelík, Jiří Šponer, Anna Křivková, Adam Pastorek, Violetta Shestivska, Judit E. Šponer, Antonín Knížek, Lukáš Petera, Lukas Nejdl, Ondřej Ivanek, Marketa Vaculovicova, Giuseppe Cassone, Martin Ferus, Svatopluk Civiš, and Luboš Jankovič
- Subjects
Extraterrestrial Environment ,Earth, Planet ,Iron ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Origin of Life ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Astrobiology ,Impact crater ,Abiogenesis ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,Urea ,Amino Acids ,Evolution, Chemical ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Silicates ,Prebiotic ,Metals and Alloys ,Meteoroids ,General Chemistry ,Early Earth ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Meteorite ,Extraterrestrial life ,Ceramics and Composites ,Clay - Abstract
Besides delivering plausible prebiotic feedstock molecules and high-energy initiators, extraterrestrial impacts could also affect the process of abiogenesis by altering the early Earth's geological environment in which primitive life was conceived. We show that iron-rich smectites formed by reprocessing of basalts due to the residual post-impact heat could catalyze the synthesis and accumulation of important prebiotic building blocks such as nucleobases, amino acids and urea.
- Published
- 2019
21. Formation of Methane and (Per)Chlorates on Mars
- Author
-
Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Petr Kubelík, Ladislav Kavan, Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, Paul B. Rimmer, Markéta Zukalová, and Antonín Knížek
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Materials science ,Analytical chemistry ,Infrared spectroscopy ,02 engineering and technology ,Mars Exploration Program ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,0103 physical sciences ,Irradiation ,0210 nano-technology ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
Methane, perchlorates, chlorates, and methyl chlorides have all been detected on Mars. The origin of these species has never been adequately explained. In this paper, we irradiated mixtures of CO2,...
- Published
- 2018
22. Prebiotic Route to Thymine from Formamide—A Combined Experimental–Theoretical Study
- Author
-
Lukas Nejdl, Klaudia Mrazikova, Petr Kubelík, Adam Pastorek, Marketa Vaculovicova, Giuseppe Cassone, Kristyna Zemankova, Martin Ferus, Lukas Petera, Svatopluk Civiš, Alan Heays, Jiri Sponer, and Judit E. Šponer
- Subjects
Formamide ,prebiotic chemistry ,Formic acid ,Formaldehyde ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Disproportionation ,Article ,origin of life ,Analytical Chemistry ,Nucleobase ,Catalysis ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,thymine ,heterocyclic compounds ,uracil ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Formamides ,Organic Chemistry ,Uracil ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Thymine ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,formamide - Abstract
Synthesis of RNA nucleobases from formamide is one of the recurring topics of prebiotic chemistry research. Earlier reports suggest that thymine, the substitute for uracil in DNA, may also be synthesized from formamide in the presence of catalysts enabling conversion of formamide to formaldehyde. In the current paper, we show that to a lesser extent conversion of uracil to thymine may occur even in the absence of catalysts. This is enabled by the presence of formic acid in the reaction mixture that forms as the hydrolysis product of formamide. Under the reaction conditions of our study, the disproportionation of formic acid may produce formaldehyde that hydroxymethylates uracil in the first step of the conversion process. The experiments are supplemented by quantum chemical modeling of the reaction pathway, supporting the plausibility of the mechanism suggested by Saladino and coworkers.
- Published
- 2021
23. Electron-impact vibrational excitation of isocyanic acid HNCO
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, J. Trnka, Martin Ferus, Antonín Knížek, M. Ranković, Roman Čurík, M. Čížek, T. P. Ragesh Kumar, Pamir Nag, Juraj Fedor, and Karel Houfek
- Subjects
Physics ,Shape resonance ,Scattering ,Isocyanic acid ,01 natural sciences ,Resonance (particle physics) ,Spectral line ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Molecular vibration ,0103 physical sciences ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Excitation ,Energy (signal processing) - Abstract
In a combined experimental and theoretical study, we probe the vibrational excitation of isocyanic acid induced by electron impact in the energy range up to 5 eV. Experimentally, we report differential elastic and vibrationally inelastic cross sections at the scattering angle of ${135}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$. Theoretically, we characterize the involved resonant states using a regularized analytical continuation method. We also apply a nonlocal resonance model to calculate cross sections for vibrational mode that involves the N-H stretching motion. The model reproduces all the features observed in the experiment: efficient excitation at threshold, sharp cusps in the excitation functions, and the formation of an ${A}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ shape resonance. There is a second $({A}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}})$ resonance visible in the spectra; however, it excites only selected vibrational modes. The origins of this selectivity are discussed.
- Published
- 2020
24. Primordial Radioactivity and Prebiotic Chemical Evolution: Effect of γ Radiation on Formamide-Based Synthesis
- Author
-
Adam Pastorek, Ondřej Ivanek, Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, Ondřej Šrámek, and Václav Čuba
- Subjects
Formamide ,Radionuclide ,Chemistry ,Prebiotic ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Radiochemistry ,Radiation ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Ionizing radiation ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Radiolysis ,Materials Chemistry ,medicine ,Irradiation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
Although the effect of ionizing radiation on prebiotic chemistry is often overlooked, primordial natural radioactivity might have been an important source of energy for various chemical transformations. Estimates of the abundances of short-lived radionuclides on early Earth suggest that the primordial intensity of endogenous terrestrial radioactivity was up to 4 × 103 times higher than it is today. Therefore, we assume that chemical substances in contact with radioactive rocks should therefore undergo radiolysis. The calculations are followed by research investigating the influence of ionizing γ radiation on basic prebiotic substances, including formamide mixed with various clays, which might have played the role of a catalyst and an agent that partially blocked radiation that was potentially destructive for the products. Our explorations of this effect have shown that the irradiation of formamide-clay mixtures at doses of ∼6 kGy produces significant amounts of urea (up to the maximal concentration of approximately 250 mg L-1), which plays a role in HCN-based prebiotic chemistry.
- Published
- 2020
25. Formic Acid, a Ubiquitous but Overlooked Component of the Early Earth Atmosphere
- Author
-
Juri Ugolotti, Judit E. Šponer, Homa Saeidfirozeh, Petr Kubelík, Libor Juha, Lukáš Petera, Ondřej Malina, Antonín Knížek, M. Krůs, Rémi Coulon, R. Dudžák, Elmira Mohammadi, Michal Otyepka, Václav Ranc, Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, and Jiří Šponer
- Subjects
Formamide ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010405 organic chemistry ,Formic acid ,Organic Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Volcanism ,010402 general chemistry ,Early Earth ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Hydrothermal circulation ,0104 chemical sciences ,Astrobiology ,Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Volcano ,13. Climate action ,Planet - Abstract
Terrestrial volcanism has been one of the dominant geological forces shaping our planet since its earliest existence. Its associated phenomena, like atmospheric lightning and hydrothermal activity, provide a rich energy reservoir for chemical syntheses. Based on our laboratory simulations, we propose that on the early Earth volcanic activity inevitably led to a remarkable production of formic acid through various independent reaction channels. Large-scale availability of atmospheric formic acid supports the idea of the high-temperature accumulation of formamide in this primordial environment.
- Published
- 2020
26. Atomic Emission Spectra of Neutral Noble Gases in the Infrared Spectral Range
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Petr Kubelík, Martin Ferus, Adam Pastorek, E. M. Zanozina, and Ashok Chilukoti
- Subjects
Range (particle radiation) ,Materials science ,Infrared ,Analytical chemistry ,Atomic emission spectroscopy - Published
- 2020
27. Spectra
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Ekaterina Zanozina, Adam Pastorek, Petr Kubelík, Martin Ferus, and Ashok Chilukoti
- Published
- 2020
28. Experimental Setup and Spectral Analysis
- Author
-
Adam Pastorek, Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, Petr Kubelík, Ashok Chilukoti, and E. M. Zanozina
- Subjects
Chemical process ,Optics ,Materials science ,Spectrometer ,Infrared ,business.industry ,Atlas (topology) ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,business ,Spectroscopy ,Excitation ,Spectral line - Abstract
All the spectra presented in this atlas were measured with the time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the Department of Spectroscopy, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences. The original purpose in constructing time-resolved hardware was to directly observe the excitation and de-excitation of atomic and molecular species as well as follow chemical processes in periodically-excited systems.
- Published
- 2020
29. Introduction
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Ekaterina Zanozina, Adam Pastorek, Petr Kubelík, Martin Ferus, and Ashok Chilukoti
- Published
- 2020
30. Conclusion
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Ekaterina Zanozina, Adam Pastorek, Petr Kubelík, Martin Ferus, and Ashok Chilukoti
- Published
- 2020
31. Identifiable Acetylene Features Predicted for Young Earth-like Exoplanets with Reducing Atmospheres undergoing Heavy Bombardment
- Author
-
D. Kalvaitis, Alexander T. Archibald, Petr Kubelík, Ondřej Ivanek, Libor Juha, Sergei N. Yurchenko, M. Krůs, Paul B. Rimmer, Martin Ferus, Antonín Knížek, Jonathan Tennyson, Svatopluk Civiš, R. Dudžák, Jan Dostál, A. Granville-Willett, Ingo Waldmann, and Tomáš Burian
- Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Physics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Reducing atmosphere ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Context (language use) ,Protoplanetary disk ,01 natural sciences ,Exoplanet ,Methane ,Astrobiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Acetylene ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Cyanoacetylene ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Late Heavy Bombardment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The chemical environments of young planets are assumed to be largely influenced by impacts of bodies lingering on unstable trajectories after the dissolution of the protoplanetary disk. We explore the chemical consequences of impacts within the context of reducing planetary atmospheres dominated by carbon monoxide, methane and molecular nitrogen. A terawatt high-power laser was selected in order to simulate the airglow plasma and blast wave surrounding the impactor. The chemical results of these experiments are then applied to a theoretical atmospheric model. The impact simulation results in substantial volume mixing ratios within the reactor of 5% hydrogen cyanide (HCN), 8% acetylene (C$_2$H$_2$), 5% cyanoacetylene (HC$_3$N) and 1% ammonia (NH$_3$). These yields are combined with estimated impact rates for the Early Earth to predict surface boundary conditions for an atmospheric model. We show that impacts might have served as sources of energy that would have led to steady-state surface quantities of 0.4% C$_2$H$_2$, 400 ppm HCN and 40 ppm NH$_3$. We provide simulated transit spectra for an Earth-like exoplanet with this reducing atmosphere during and shortly after eras of intense impacts. We predict that acetylene is as observable as other molecular features on exoplanets with reducing atmospheres that have recently gone through their own `Heavy Bombardments', with prominent features at 3.05 $\mu$m and 10.5 $\mu$m., Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2019
32. Comparative SIFT-MS, GC–MS and FTIR analysis of methane fuel produced in biogas stations and in artificial photosynthesis over acidic anatase TiO2 and montmorillonite
- Author
-
Petr Kubelík, Markéta Zukalová, Ksenyia Dryahina, Ladislav Kavan, Antonín Knížek, Patrik Španěl, Martin Ferus, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
business.industry ,Fossil fuel ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Methane ,0104 chemical sciences ,Artificial photosynthesis ,Industrial wastewater treatment ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Landfill gas ,Biogas ,chemistry ,Natural gas ,Alternative energy ,Environmental science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Process engineering ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
The era of fossil fuels is slowly nearing its inevitable end and the urgency of alternative energy sources basic research, exploration and testing becomes ever more important. Storage and alternative production of energy from fuels, such as methane, represents one of the many alternative approaches. Natural gas containing methane represents a powerful source of energy producing large volume of greenhouse gases. However, methane can be also produced in closed, CO2-neutral cycles. In our study, we compare detailed chemical composition of CH4 fuel produced in two different processes: Classical production of biogas in a rendering station, industrial wastewater treatment station and landfill gas station together with novel approach of artificial photosynthesis from CO2 over acidic anatase TiO2 in experimental apparatus developed in our laboratory. The analysis of CH4 fuel produced in these processes is important. Trace gaseous traces can be for example corrosive or toxic, low quality of the mixture suppresses effectivity of energy production, etc. In this analysis, we present a combination of two methods: High resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (HR-FTIR) suitable for the main component analysis; and the complementary extremely sensitive method of Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and gas chromatography (GC–MS), which are in turn best suited for trace analysis. The combination of these methods provides more information than any single of them would be able to and promises a new possible analytical approach to fuel and gaseous mixture analysis.
- Published
- 2018
33. High resolution emission FT spectra of sodium in a microwave discharge: Intensity variation of the D1/D2 lines in exoplanetary atmospheres
- Author
-
Alan Heays, Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, and Antonín Knížek
- Subjects
Radiation ,Materials science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Buffer gas ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Kinetic energy ,01 natural sciences ,Nitrogen ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Spectral line ,chemistry ,Emission spectrum ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Spectroscopy ,Microwave ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Line (formation) - Abstract
The intensity ratio of the D 1 and D 2 sodium-doublet emission lines varies both across spectra of astronomical sources and in laboratory plasmala. This article probes the behaviour of this ratio under controlled laboratory conditions. In order to study this variation, we have recorded microwave discharge spectra of sodium vapour in range of 15000 to 18000 cm − 1 . Emission bands of the molecular nitrogen buffer gas and kinetic broadening of nitrogen and sodium lines have been used in a characterisation of the discharge temperature. We show that the relative intensity of doublet lines is determined by self-absorption and depends on the buffer-gas pressure and discharge power. The ratio and line shapes can be explained by a two-temperature model of sodium emission and foreground absorption. Line ratios estimated for spectra with various strength of the self-absorption of electric discharges can be used for characterising their temperatures and densities. In contemporary astronomical observation of exoplanetary atmospheres, this effect has not been resolved yet. To observe this effect, at least 0.01 - 0.05 cm − 1 resolution (resolving power 1 600 000) is required. We make a connection to stellar Na emission and possible absorption processes for future observations of exoplanetary atmospheres.
- Published
- 2021
34. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography as a powerful analytical tool for research on prebiotic chemistry
- Author
-
Petr Kubelík, Jaroslava Bezdekova, Vojtech Adam, Lukas Nejdl, Martin Ferus, Marketa Vaculovicova, Lukas Petera, Milada Vodova, Adam Pastorek, Kristyna Zemankova, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
Analyte ,Environmental analysis ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Organic molecules ,Nucleobase ,Prebiotic chemistry ,Nano ,Molecule ,0210 nano-technology ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Capillary electromigration techniques have proven their capabilities in detection of variety of analytes from inorganic ions and small organic molecules through bio(macro)molecules to large analytes such as cells or nano/micro particles. Also broad range of potential applications includes food and environmental analysis, biomedical and pharmaceutical investigations or even diagnostics. In this work, it was demonstrated that capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography is an excellent tool extremely helpful in investigations focused on prebiotic synthesis of molecules essential for formation of life on early Earth – nucleobases. In particular, rapid separation of nucleobases (
- Published
- 2021
35. Vibrational spectra of La@C60 and Ce@C60 endohedral fullerenes: Influence of spin state multiplicity
- Author
-
A. V. Krisilov, Vladislav E. Chernov, Petr Kubelík, Svatopluk Civiš, I. V. Nechaev, Boris A. Zon, and Martin Ferus
- Subjects
Fullerene ,Spin states ,Chemistry ,Spin transition ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Molecular vibration ,Atom ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Endohedral fullerene ,Molecular symmetry ,Multiplicity (chemistry) ,0210 nano-technology ,Instrumentation ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Endohedral fullerenes with paramagnetic encapsulated atoms are new magnetic materials of interest for numerous applications from medicine to quantum computers. An important phenomenon with endohedral fullerenes is the appearance of new vibrational frequencies not associated with empty fullerenes. The vibrational spectra of the lanthanide endohedral fullerenes La@C60 and Ce@C60 in various spin states are calculated using the density functional method. Most of the spectral lines lie in the 300–1600 cm - 1 range, and their intensities change dramatically depending on the molecule’s symmetry and spin state, which are determined by the encapsulated lanthanide atom. The average frequency shift of the carbon cage vibrations caused by spin transition is only 5 cm - 1 . The calculated frequencies of the coupled “metal–carbon cage” vibrations of the lanthanide endohedral fullerenes La@C60 and Ce@C60 in various spin states lie in the 10–170 cm - 1 range. The computational results for both the frequencies and intensities of the metal–cage modes depend considerably on the spin state. The changes in these vibrational modes are due to the changes in the molecular symmetry and the metal–carbon bond lengths. Such dependence can be used as a basis for controlling the spin state of metallofullerenes by measuring the vibration frequencies in the far-infrared zone, which could be important for nanoelectronics and quantum informatics.
- Published
- 2021
36. The origin of methane and biomolecules from a CO2 cycle on terrestrial planets
- Author
-
Markéta Zukalová, Petr Kubelík, Ondřej Ivanek, Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, Antonín Knížek, and Ladislav Kavan
- Subjects
Physics ,Martian ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Methanogenesis ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Mars Exploration Program ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,Astrobiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Planet ,0103 physical sciences ,Terrestrial planet ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Late Heavy Bombardment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Carbon monoxide - Abstract
Understanding the chemical evolution of newly formed terrestrial planets involves uncertainties in atmospheric chemical composition and assessing the plausibility of biomolecule synthesis. In this study, an original scenario for the origin of methane on Mars and terrestrial planets is suggested. Carbon dioxide in Martian and other planetary atmospheres can be abiotically converted into a mixture of methane and carbon monoxide by ‘methanogenesis’ on porous mineral photoactive surfaces under soft ultraviolet irradiation. On young planets exposed to heavy bombardment by interplanetary matter, this process can be followed by biomolecule synthesis through the reprocessing of reactive reducing atmospheres by impact-induced shock waves. The proposed mechanism of methanogenesis may help to answer the question concerning the formation of methane and carbon monoxide by photochemical processes, the formation of biomolecules on early Earth and other terrestrial planets, and the source and seasonal variation of methane concentrations on Mars. Experiments are presented that indicate that methane can be produced abiotically on Mars through the photocatalytic reaction of CO2, in a process called methanogenesis. Methane can then be shocked (through impacts) to form RNA nucleobases and glycine.
- Published
- 2017
37. High Energy Radical Chemistry Formation of HCN-rich Atmospheres on early Earth
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Petr Kubelík, Martin Ferus, John D. Sutherland, Antonín Knížek, and Adam Pastorek
- Subjects
Earth, Planet ,Nitrogen ,Radical ,Science ,Hydrogen cyanide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrogen Cyanide ,0103 physical sciences ,Molecule ,Author Correction ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Carbon Monoxide ,Multidisciplinary ,Atmosphere ,Carbon ,0104 chemical sciences ,Prebiotics ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Excited state ,Atmospheric chemistry ,Medicine ,Carbon monoxide - Abstract
Recent results in prebiotic chemistry implicate hydrogen cyanide (HCN) as the source of carbon and nitrogen for the synthesis of nucleotide, amino acid and lipid building blocks. HCN can be produced during impact events by reprocessing of carbonaceous and nitrogenous materials from both the impactor and the atmosphere; it can also be produced from these materials by electrical discharge. Here we investigate the effect of high energy events on a range of starting mixtures representative of various atmosphere-impactor volatile combinations. Using continuously scanning time–resolved spectrometry, we have detected ·CN radical and excited CO as the initially most abundant products. Cyano radicals and excited carbon monoxide molecules in particular are reactive, energy-rich species, but are resilient owing to favourable Franck–Condon factors. The subsequent reactions of these first formed excited species lead to the production of ground-state prebiotic building blocks, principally HCN.
- Published
- 2017
38. First application of multilayer graphene cantilever for laser photoacoustic detection
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Petr Bitala, Zdeněk Zelinger, Tereza Vlasáková, Jan Suchánek, Václav Nevrlý, Pavel Kubát, Monika Klusáčková, Pavel Janda, and Michal Dostál
- Subjects
Cantilever ,Materials science ,Microphone ,Graphene ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,010401 analytical chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Acoustic wave ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Pyrolytic carbon ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Instrumentation ,Photoacoustic spectroscopy - Abstract
The mechanical behaviours of multilayer graphene (MLG) membranes and cantilevers were investigated for the sensitive detection of acoustic waves in gases. The aim of this work was to find sensors for laser photoacoustic spectroscopy with high sensitivity. The application of the MLG cantilever for photoacoustic detection was reported for the first time. MLG membranes and cantilevers were prepared from highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by multiple mechanical cleavages allowing simple adjustment of the membrane/cantilever thickness and relevant mechanical parameters. The MLG cantilever/membrane movements induced by pressure waves triggered by the absorption of the CO 2 laser pulse in the gas-filled photoacoustic cell were detected by a He-Ne laser beam reflected from the cantilever/membrane to a position sensitive detector (optical microphone). The sensitivity of the MLG cantilevers for the photoacoustic detection of methanol vapours (testing gas) was more than one order of magnitude higher in comparison with a top class microphone (Bruel & Kjaer). The signal-to-noise ratio of 19, 61, and 70 together with the limits of detection of 0.75 ppm, 0.42 and 0.33 ppm were calculated for the condenser microphone, the MLG membrane, and the MLG cantilever, respectively. Additionally, the high sensitivity of both MLG elements for the photoacoustic detection is also promising thanks to the single layer graphene with very a small thickness on the nanometer scale.
- Published
- 2017
39. Spontaneous oxygen isotope exchange between carbon dioxide and natural clays: Refined rate constants referenced to TiO2 (anatase/rutile)
- Author
-
Petr Rojík, Svatopluk Civiš, Petr Kubelík, Martin Ferus, Markéta Zukalová, Arnošt Zukal, Antonín Knížek, Petr Skřehot, and Ladislav Kavan
- Subjects
Anatase ,Mineral ,Inorganic chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Geology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Oxygen ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Rutile ,Carbon dioxide ,Organic chemistry ,Reactivity (chemistry) ,0210 nano-technology ,Clay minerals ,Chemical composition - Abstract
In a series of our previously published papers, we reported a broad range of experiments and theoretical studies devoted to the interaction of carbon dioxide with the anatase titania surface. In the current study, we demonstrate oxygen mobility between gaseous carbon dioxide and solid natural clay minerals. This surprising feature implies that such behaviour is typical not only for titania but also for oxides with different chemical composition and structure. The oxygen mobility was demonstrated by the interaction of isotopically labelled carbon dioxide – C 18 O 2 – with the mineral surfaces. In most cases, we observed rapid oxygen exchange between the gas and the mineral. It was therefore discovered that carbon dioxide is more active than was previously thought because it exchanges its oxygen atoms with inorganic surfaces. Moreover, this feature seems to be very significant in natural clays of various compositions. This finding points not only towards high activity of CO 2 but also towards high surface reactivity of clays, which are quite common surface minerals on Earth and other planets.
- Published
- 2017
40. The argon spectrum in the range of 1200–2000 cm–1
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Vladislav E. Chernov, Petr Kubelík, E. M. Zanozina, Martin Ferus, Libor Juha, and A. V. Naskidashvili
- Subjects
Range (particle radiation) ,Argon ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Spectrum (functional analysis) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Fourier transform spectroscopy ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,chemistry ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Atomic physics ,Photonics ,business ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
Atomic argon spectrum in the range of 1200–2000 cm–1 has been recorded by time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy. The lines have been identified using the oscillator strengths calculated by the quantum-defect method. Previously unknown energies of the 6h levels of Ar I have been found from the spectrum.
- Published
- 2016
41. Erratum: Time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy of Ag in the (1300–3600)−cm−1 region: Transitions involving f and g states and oscillator strengths [Phys. Rev. A 82 , 022502 (2010)]
- Author
-
Petr Kubelík, I. Matulková, Kentarou Kawaguchi, J. Cihelka, Vladislav E. Chernov, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
Physics ,symbols.namesake ,Fourier transform ,Infrared ,symbols ,Emission spectrum ,Atomic physics - Published
- 2019
42. Photochemical Reduction of CO2 on Terrestrial Planets
- Author
-
Petr Kubelík, Svatopluk Civiš, Antonin Knizek, and Martin Ferus
- Subjects
Mars Exploration Program ,010402 general chemistry ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,0104 chemical sciences ,Atmosphere ,Chemical evolution ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Abiogenesis ,Planet ,0103 physical sciences ,Environmental science ,Terrestrial planet ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide - Abstract
The origin of methane on Mars and other terrestrial planets in their early or late stages of chemical evolution has never been explained in a satisfactory way. Here we propose a photochemistry-based scenario of carbon dioxide reduction to methane on semiconductor photocatalysts, such as TiO 2 . This approach takes inspiration in the same reaction chain used in environmental chemistry research since the late 1970s. On Mars, this scenario could unveil the origin of methane, which has been hotly debated recently. On young extra-terrestrial planets, this process could supply the atmosphere with reduced gases and facilitate organic synthesis and possibly the origin of life in these new born worlds.
- Published
- 2019
43. Oxygen Atoms Exchange Between Carbon Dioxide and TiO2 (Light Induced and Spontaneous)
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Antonín Knížek, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oxygen atom ,Adsorption ,Mineral ,chemistry ,Isotope ,Carbon dioxide ,Light induced ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Photochemistry ,Oxygen - Abstract
One of the exceptional features of CO2 is its ability to interact with solid surfaces on a common basis. This interaction takes the form of an adsorption and can be monitored by isotope labelling. Oxygen isotope-labelled CO2 added to a mineral, most importantly TiO2, exchanges its oxygen atoms with the sample and the changing isotopic composition can be monitored by high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2019
44. Carbon Dioxide and the Effects on Climate
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Antonín Knížek, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
Atmosphere ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Natural resource economics ,Carbon dioxide ,Fossil fuel ,Climate change ,Global change ,Energy supply ,business ,Methane - Abstract
Last a few decades have witnessed a rising scientific interest in two well-known molecules—carbon dioxide and titania. The fundamental properties such as their chemistry, structure and application potential are well known. However, the main problem concerning CO2—the global change of climate—has not been dealt with yet. The ever-rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, utilization of fossil fuels and the effects on global climate portend the need for a cleaner energy supply as well as the need to reduce the CO2 amount present in the atmosphere of our planet. Importantly, several recent discoveries have pointed out that novel materials based on TiO2 are able to solve climate change by establishing a new methane cycle-based energetics and economy.
- Published
- 2019
45. The Chemistry of CO2 and TiO2
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, and Antonín Knížek
- Published
- 2019
46. Additional Views on Prebiotic Molecules
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Antonín Knížek, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
History ,Scientific progress ,Environmental ethics - Abstract
The field of the origin of life research is a relatively new but rapidly growing area of research. It is not the purpose of this book to review all scientific progress in this branch. Indeed, such book would have to be quite thicker, not to mention expensive. However, several ideas that have recently come up concerning the early Earth and life’s origins include CO2 and/or TiO2 as the main protagonists. We wish to mention to a certain extent these ideas and show that photochemistry might have played a vital role in the process by which we came to being.
- Published
- 2019
47. Conclusion
- Author
-
Svatopluk Civiš, Martin Ferus, and Antonín Knížek
- Published
- 2019
48. Applications of the CO2 Photocatalytic Reduction
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Antonín Knížek, and Svatopluk Civiš
- Subjects
Reduction (complexity) ,Work (electrical) ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Computer science ,Photocatalysis ,Context (language use) ,Process engineering ,business - Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of the state-of-the-art research progress in the topic of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in selected areas of application. The knowledge of the practical uses of the photocatalytic reduction process may be beneficial to give the book more context and to specify its place in the plethora of work that is available to any reader.
- Published
- 2019
49. Photocatalytic Transformation of CO2 to CH4
- Author
-
Martin Ferus, Svatopluk Civiš, and Antonín Knížek
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Carbon dioxide ,Photocatalysis ,Environmental science ,Terrestrial planet ,Mars Exploration Program ,Methane ,Astrobiology - Abstract
The photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide is a process that has received significant attention in the literature of the second half of the twentieth century. This chapter shows how chemical conditions and the environment can envisage various aspects of this process and explains what consequences these findings may have on the origin of methane on terrestrial planets, which is shown on the case of Mars.
- Published
- 2019
50. Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and updated system of neutral oxygen (O I) levels
- Author
-
Petr Kubelík, Martin Ferus, Vladislav E. Chernov, Svatopluk Civiš, Ekatherina Zanozina, and Alexander V. Naskidashvili
- Subjects
Materials science ,chemistry ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Oxygen - Published
- 2018
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.