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1. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Millimeter Observations of a Population of Asteroids or: ACTeroids

Author

John Orlowski-Scherer, Ricco C. Venterea, Nicholas Battaglia, Sigurd Naess, Tanay Bhandarkar, Emily Biermann, Erminia Calabrese, Mark Devlin, Jo Dunkley, Carlos Hervías-Caimapo, Patricio A. Gallardo, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, Kenda Knowles, Yaqiong Li, Jeffrey J McMahon, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman A. Page, Bruce Partridge, Maria Salatino, Jonathan Sievers, Cristóbal Sifón, Suzanne Staggs, Alexander van Engelen, Cristian Vargas, Eve M. Vavagiakis, and Edward J. Wollack

Subjects
Asteroids, Cosmic microwave background radiation, Millimeter astronomy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present fluxes and light curves for a population of asteroids at millimeter wavelengths, detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) over 18,000 deg ^2 of the sky using data from 2017 to 2021. We utilize high cadence maps, which can be used in searching for moving objects such as asteroids and trans-Neptunian Objects, as well as for studying transients. We detect 170 asteroids with a signal-to-noise of at least 5 in at least one of the ACT observing bands, which are centered near 90, 150, and 220 GHz. For each asteroid, we compare the ACT measured flux to predicted fluxes from the near-Earth asteroid thermal model fit to WISE data. We confirm previous results that detected a deficit of flux at millimeter wavelengths. Moreover, we report a spectral characteristic to this deficit, such that the flux is relatively lower at 150 and 220 GHz than at 90 GHz. Additionally, we find that the deficit in flux is greater for S-type asteroids than for C-type.

Published
2024
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2. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A search for Planet 9

Author

Sigurd Naess, Simone Aiola, Nick Battaglia, Richard J. Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi, Nicholas F. Cothard, Mark Halpern, J. Colin Hill, Brian J. Koopman, Mark Devlin, Jeff McMahon, Simon Dicker, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Valentina Fanfani, Simone Ferraro, Patricio A. Gallardo, Yilun Guan, Dongwon Han, Matthew Hasselfield, Adam D. Hincks, Kevin Huffenberger, Arthur B. Kosowsky, Thibaut Louis, Amanda Macinnis, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Federico Nati, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman Page, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, John Orlowski-Scherer, Alessandro Schillaci, Benjamin Schmitt, Neelima Sehgal, Cristóbal Sifón, Suzanne Staggs, Alexander Van Engelen, and Edward J Wollack

Subjects
Astrophysics, Astronomy
Abstract

We use Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) observations at 98 GHz (2015–2019), 150 GHz (2013–2019), and 229 GHz (2017–2019) to perform a blind shift-and-stack search for Planet 9. The search explores distances from 300 au to 2000 au and velocities up to 6\farcm3 per year, depending on the distance (r). For a 5 Earth-mass Planet 9 the detection limit varies from 325 au to 625 au, depending on the sky location. For a 10 Earth-mass planet the corresponding range is 425 au to 775 au. The predicted aphelion and most likely location of the planet corresponds to the shallower end of these ranges. The search covers the whole 18,000 square degrees of the ACT survey. No significant detections are found, which is used to place limits on the millimeter-wave flux density of Planet 9 over much of its orbit. Overall we eliminate roughly 17% and 9% of the parameter space for a 5 and 10 Earth-mass Planet 9, respectively. These bounds approach those of a recent INPOP19a ephemeris-based analysis, but do not exceed it. We also provide a list of the 10 strongest candidates from the search for possible follow-up. More generally, we exclude (at 95% confidence) the presence of an unknown solar system object within our survey area brighter than 4–12 mJy (depending on position) at 150 GHz with current distance 300 au < r < 600 au and heliocentric angular velocity 1\farcm5 per yr < v x (500au/r) < 2\farcs3 per yr, corresponding to low-to-moderate eccentricities. These limits worsen gradually beyond 600 au, reaching 5–15 mJy by 1500 au.

Published
2021
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3. Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Combined kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements from BOSS CMASS and LOWZ halos

Author

Emmanuel Schaan, Simone Ferraro, Stefania Amodeo, Nicholas Battaglia, Simone Aiola, Jason E. Austermann, James A. Beall, Rachel Bean, Daniel T. Becker, Richard J. Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Victoria Calafut, Steve K. Choi, Edward V. Denison, Mark J. Devlin, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Patricio A. Gallardo, Yilun Guan, Dongwon Han, J. Colin Hill, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Renée Hložek, Johannes Hubmayr, Kevin M. Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, Brian J. Koopman, Amanda MacInnis, Jeff McMahon, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Kavilan Moodley, Tony Mroczkowski, Sigurd Naess, Federico Nati, Laura B. Newburgh, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman A. Page, Bruce Partridge, Maria Salatino, Neelima Sehgal, Alessandro Schillaci, Cristóbal Sifón, Kendrick M. Smith, David N. Spergel, Suzanne Staggs, Emilie R. Storer, Hy Trac, Joel N. Ullom, Jeff Van Lanen, Leila R. Vale, Alexander van Engelen, Mariana Vargas Magaña, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Edward J. Wollack, and Zhilei Xu

Published
2021
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4. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: delensed power spectra and parameters

Author

Dongwon Han, Neelima Sehgal, Amanda MacInnis, Alexander van Engelen, Blake D Sherwin, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Simone Aiola, Nicholas Battaglia, James A Beall, Daniel T Becker, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K Choi, Omar Darwish, Edward V Denison, Mark J Devlin, Jo Dunkley, Simone Ferraro, Anna E Fox, Matthew Hasselfield, J. Colin Hill, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Renee Hlozek, Johannes Hubmayr, John P Hughes, Arthur Kosowsky, Jeff Van Lanen, Thibaut Louis, Kavilan Moodley, Sigurd Naess, Toshiya Namikawa, Federico Nati, Edward J Wollack, John P Nibarger, Michael D Niemack, Lyman A Page, Bruce Partridge, Frank J Qu, Alessandro Schillaci, David N Spergel, Suzanne Staggs, and Emilie Storer

Subjects
Optics
Abstract

We present ΛCDM cosmological parameter constraints obtained from delensed microwave background power spectra. Lensing maps from a subset of DR4 data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) are used to undo the lensing effect in ACT spectra observed at 150 and 98 GHz. At 150 GHz, we remove the lensing distortion with an effective efficiency of 30% (T T), 30% (EE), 26% (T E) and 20% (BB); this results in detections of the delensing effect at 8.7σ (T T), 5.1σ (EE), 2.6σ (T E), and 2.4σ (BB) significance. The combination of 150 and 98 GHz T T, EE, and T E delensed spectra is well fit by a standard ΛCDM model. We also measure the shift in best-fit parameters when fitting delensed versus lensed spectra; while this shift does not inform our ability to measure cosmological parameters, it does provide a three-way consistency check among the lensing inferred from the best-fit parameters, the lensing in the CMB power spectrum, and the reconstructed lensing map. This shift is predicted to be zero when fitting with the correct model since both lensed and delensed spectra originate from the same region of sky. Fitting with a ΛCDM model and marginalizing over foregrounds, we find that the shift in cosmological parameters is consistent with zero. Our results show that gravitational lensing of the microwave background is internally consistent within the framework of the standard cosmological model.

Published
2021
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5. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: arcminute-resolution maps of 18,000 square degrees of the microwave sky from ACT 2008-2018 data combined with Planck

Author

Sigurd Naess, Simone Aiola, Jason E. Austermann, Nick Battaglia, James A. Beall, Daniel T. Becker, Richard J. Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi, Nicholas F. Cothard, Kevin T. Crowley, Omar Darwish, Rahul Datta, Edward V. Denison, Mark Devlin, Cody J. Duell, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dunner, Anna E. Fox, Patricio A. Gallardo, Mark Halpern, Dongwon Han, Matthew Hasselfield, J. Colin Hill, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, Renee Hlozek, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Johannes Hubmayr, Kevin Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, Arthur B. Kosowsky, Thibaut Louis, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Jeff McMahon, Kavilan Moodley, Federico Nati, John P. Nibarger, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman Page, Bruce Partridge, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, Alessandro Schillaci, Benjamin Schmitt, Blake D. Sherwin, Neelima Sehgal, Cristobal Sifon, David Spergel, Suzanne Staggs, Jason Stevens, Emilie Storer, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Alexander Van Engelen, Jeff Van Lanen, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Edward J Wollack, and Zhilei Xu

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper presents a maximum-likelihood algorithm for combining sky maps with disparate sky coverage, angular resolution and spatially varying anisotropic noise into a single map of the sky. We use this to merge hundreds of individual maps covering the 2008–2018 ACT observing seasons, resulting in by far the deepest ACT maps released so far. We also combine the maps with the full Planck maps, resulting in maps that have the best features of both Planck and ACT: Planck’s nearly white noise on intermediate and large angular scales and ACT’s high-resolution and sensitivity on small angular scales. The maps cover over 18 000 square degrees, nearly half the full sky, at 100, 150 and 220 GHz. They reveal 4 000 optically-confirmed clusters through the Sunyaev Zel’dovich effect (SZ) and 18 500 point source candidates at > 5σ, the largest single collection of SZ clusters and millimeter wave sources to date. The multi-frequency maps provide millimeter images of nearby galaxies and individual Milky Way nebulae, and even clear detections of several nearby stars. Other anticipated uses of these maps include, for example, thermal SZ and kinematic SZ cluster stacking, CMB cluster lensing and galactic dust science. The method itself has negligible bias. However, due to the preliminary nature of some of the component data sets, we caution that these maps should not be used for precision cosmological analysis. The maps are part of ACT DR5, and will be made available on LAMBDA no later than three months after the journal publication of this article, along with an interactive sky atlas.

Published
2020
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6. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A CMB lensing mass map over 2100 square degrees of sky and its cross-correlation with BOSS-CMASS galaxies

Author

Omar Darwish, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Blake D. Sherwin, Simone Aiola, Nicholas Battaglia, James A. Beall, Daniel T. Becker, J. Richard Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Steve Choi, Mark J. Devlin, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dunner, Simone Ferraro, Anna E. Fox, Patricio A. Gallardo, Yilun Guan, Mark Halpern, Dongwon Han, Matthew Hasselfield, J. Colin Hill, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Adam D. Hincks, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, J. Hubmayr, John P. Hughes, Brian J. Koopman, Arthur Kosowsky, J. Van Lanen, Thibaut Louis, Marius Lungu, Amanda MacInnis, Loic Maurin, Jeffrey McMahon, Kavilan Moodley, Sigurd Naess, Toshiya Namikawa, Laura Newburgh, John P. Nibarger, Micheal D. Niemack, Lyman A. Page, Bruce Partridge, Frank J. Qu, Naomi Robertson, Benjamin Schmitt, Neelima Sehgal, Cristobal Sifon, David N. Spergel, Suzanne Staggs, Emilie Storer, Alexander van Engelen, and Edward J. Wollack

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

We construct cosmic microwave background lensing mass maps using data from the 2014 and 2015 seasons of observations with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). These maps cover 2100 square degrees of sky and overlap with a wide variety of optical surveys. The maps are signal dominated on large scales and have fidelity such that their correlation with the cosmic infrared background is clearly visible by eye. We also create lensing maps with thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich contamination removed using a novel cleaning procedure that only slightly degrades the lensing signal-to-noise ratio. The cross-spectrum between the cleaned lensing map and the BOSS CMASS galaxy sample is detected at 10-σ significance, with an amplitude of A = 1.02±0.10 relative to the Planck best-fit LCDM cosmological model with fiducial linear galaxy bias. Our measurement lays the foundation for lensing cross-correlation science with current ACT data and beyond.

Published
2020
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7. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Weighing Distant Clusters with the Most Ancient Light

Author

Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Cristobal Sifon, Nicholas Battaglia, Simone Aiola, Stefania Amodeo, Jason E. Austermann, James A. Beall, Daniel T. Becker, J. Richard Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi, Edward V. Denison, Mark J Devlin, Simon R. Dicker, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dunner, Simone Ferraro, Patricio A. Gallardo, Yilun Guan, Dongwon Han, J. Colin Hill, Gene C Hilton, Matt Hilton, Johannes Hubmayr, Kevin M. Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, Brian J. Koopman, Arthur Kosowsky, Jeff Van Lanen, Eunseong Lee, Thibaut Louis, Amanda MacInnis, Jeffrey McMahon, Kavilan Moodley, Sigurd Naess, Toshiya Namikawa, Federico Nati, Laura Newburgh, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman A. Page, Bruce Partridge, Frank J. Qu, Naomi C. Robertson, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, Alessandro Schillaci, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Neelima Sehgal, Blake D. Sherwin, Sara M. Simon, David N. Spergel, Suzanne Staggs, Emilie R. Storer, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Alexander van Engelen, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Edward J Wollack, and Zhilei Xu

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing, Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

We use gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to measure the mass of the most distant blindly selected sample of galaxy clusters on which a lensing measurement has been performed to date. In CMB data from the the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Planck satellite, we detect the stacked lensing effect from 677 near-infrared-selected galaxy clusters from the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS), which have a mean redshift of (z)=1.08. There are currently no representative optical weak lensing measurements of clusters that match the distance and average mass of this sample. We detect the lensing signal with a significance of . We model the signal with a halo model framework to find the mean mass of the population from which these clusters are drawn. Assuming that the clusters follow Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) density profiles, we infer a mean mass of (M(500c))=(1.7 ± 0.4) x 10^14M(ʘ). We consider systematic uncertainties from cluster redshift errors, centering errors, and the shape of the NFW profile. These are all smaller than 30% of our reported uncertainty. This work highlights the potential of CMB lensing to enable cosmological constraints from the abundance of distant clusters populating ever larger volumes of the observable universe, beyond the capabilities of optical weak lensing measurements.

Published
2020
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8. Small Aperture Telescopes for the Simons Observatory

Author

Aamir M. Ali, Shunsuke Adachi, Kam Arnold, Peter Ashton, Andrew Bazarko, Yuji Chinone, Gabriele Coppi, Lance Corbett, KevinD Crowley, Kevin T Crowley, Mark Devlin, Simon Dicker, Shannon Duff, Chris Ellis, Nicholas Galitzki, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Kathleen Harrington, Erin Healy, Charles A Hill, Shuay-Pwu Patty Ho, Johannes Hubmayr, Brian Keating, Kenji Kiuchi, Akito Kusaka, Adrian T Lee, Michael Ludlam, Aashrita Mangu, Frederick Matsuda, Heather McCarrick, Federico Nati, Michael D. Niemack, Haruki Nishino, John Orlowski-Scherer, MayuriSathyanarayana Rao, Christopher Raum, YukiSakurai, Maria Salatino, Trevor Sasse, Joseph Seibert, Carlos Sierra, Maximiliano Silva-Feaver, Jacob Spisak, Sara M Simon, Suzanne Staggs, Osamu Tajima, ·Grant Teply, Tran Tsan, Edward Wollack, Bejamin Westbrook, Zhilei Xu, Mario Zannoni, and Ningfeng Zhu

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is an upcoming cosmic microwave background(CMB) experiment located on Cerro Toco, Chile, that will map the microwave sky in temperature and polarization in six frequency bands spanning 27 to 285 GHz. SO will consist of one 6-meter Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) fielding∼30,000 detectors and an array of three 0.42-meter Small Aperture Telescopes (SATs) fielding an additional 30,000 detectors. This synergy will allow for the extremely sensitive characterization of the CMB over an-gular scales ranging from an arcmin to tens of degrees, enabling a wide range of scientific output. Here we focus on the SATs targeting degree angular scales with successive dichroic instruments observing at Mid-Frequency (MF: 93/145 GHz), Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF:225/285 GHz), and Low-Frequency (LF: 27/39 GHz). The three SATs will be able to map∼10% of the sky to a noise level of∼2 μK-arcmin when combining 93 and 145 GHz. The multiple frequency bands will allow the CMB to be separated from galactic foregrounds (primarily synchrotron and dust), with the primary science goal of characterizing the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level ofσ(r)≈0.003.

Published
2020
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9. Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Equatorial Survey

Author

Megan B Gralla, Tobias A Marriage, Graeme Addison, Andrew J Baker, J Richard Bond, Devin Crichton, Rahul Datta, Mark J Devlin, Joanna Dunkley, Rolando Dunner, Joseph Fowler, Patricio A Gallardo, Kirsten Hall, Mark Halpren, Matthew Hasselfield, Matt Hilton, Adam D Hincks, Kevin M Huffenberger, John P Hughes, Arthur Kosowsky, Carlos H Lopez-Caraballo, Thibaut Louis, Danica Marsden, Kavilan Moodley, Michael D Niemack, Lyman A Page, Bruce Partridge, Jesus Rivera, Jonathan L Sievers, Suzanne Staggs, Ting Su, Daniel Swetz, and Edward J Wollack

Subjects
Astronomy
Published
2020
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10. Assembly and Integration Process of the High-Density Detector Array Readout Modules for the Simons Observatory

Author

Yaqlong Li, Kam Arnold, Zachary Atkins, Sarah Marie Bruno, Nicholas F. Cothard, Bradley Dober, Cody J. Duell, Shannon M. Duff, Patricio A. Gallardo, Erin Healy, Shuay‑Pwu Patty Ho, Johannes Hubmayr, Brian Keating, Adrian T Lee, Aashrita Mangu, Heather McCarrick, Michael D. Niemack, Laura Newburgh, Christopher Raum, Maria Salatino, Trevor Sasse, Maximiliano Silva‑Feaver, Sara M. Simon, Suzanne Staggs, Aritoki Suzuki, Joel Ullom, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Michael R. Vissers, Yuhan Wang, Benjamin Westbrook, Edward J Wollack, Zhilei Xu, Kaiwen Zheng, and Ningfeng Zhu

Subjects
Astronomy, Instrumentation And Photography
Abstract

The Simons Observatory will measure the cosmic microwave background tempera-ture and polarization using a suite of new telescopes in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The Simons Observatory will use dichroic transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer arrays spanning six frequency bands from 27 to 280 GHz. The Simons Observa-tory will pioneer the use of a densely packed multiplexing architecture based on the microwave SQUID multiplexer ( 𝜇mux), housing ∼2000 microwave resonators, each coupled to a TES. The Simons Observatory aims to multiplex each array of ∼2000 detectors with a single pair of coaxial cables and requires a multiplexing factor of ∼1000 . The Simons Observatory cryogenic readout system is called the universal microwave multiplexing module (UMM). The UMM couples to both horn and lenslet-coupled detector arrays and is integrated into the universal focal-plane module (UFM) after being independently characterized. We present processes we have developed for highly repeatable and automated integration methods of UMMs, which will be needed for the production of the 49 UFMs required for the first stage of the Simons Observatory.

Published
2020
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11. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Microwave Intensity and Polarization Maps of the Galactic Center

Author

Yilun Guan, Susan E. Clark, Brandon S. Hensley, Patricio A. Gallardo, Sigurd Naess, Cody J. Duell, Simone Aiola, Zachary Atkins, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi, Nicholas F. Cothard, Mark Devlin, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Simone Ferraro, Matthew Hasselfield, John P. Hughes, Brian J. Koopman, Arthur B. Kosowsky, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Jeff McMahon, Federico Nati, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman A. Page, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, Neelima Sehgal, Cristóbal Sifón, Suzanne Staggs, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Edward J. Wollack, and Zhilei Xu

Published
2021
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12. Erratum: Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Modeling the gas thermodynamics in BOSS CMASS galaxies from kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements [Phys. Rev. D 103 , 063514 (2021)]

Author

Stefania Amodeo, Nicholas Battaglia, Emmanuel Schaan, Simone Ferraro, Emily Moser, Simone Aiola, Jason E. Austermann, James A. Beall, Rachel Bean, Daniel T. Becker, Richard J. Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Victoria Calafut, Steve K. Choi, Edward V. Denison, Mark Devlin, Shannon M. Duff, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Patricio A. Gallardo, Kirsten R. Hall, Dongwon Han, J. Colin Hill, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hilton, Renée Hložek, Johannes Hubmayr, Kevin M. Huffenberger, John P. Hughes, Brian J. Koopman, Amanda MacInnis, Jeff McMahon, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Kavilan Moodley, Tony Mroczkowski, Sigurd Naess, Federico Nati, Laura B. Newburgh, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman A. Page, Bruce Partridge, Alessandro Schillaci, Neelima Sehgal, Cristóbal Sifón, David N. Spergel, Suzanne Staggs, Emilie R. Storer, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Alexander van Engelen, Jeff Van Lanen, Eve M. Vavagiakis, Edward J. Wollack, and Zhilei Xu

Published
2023

14. The Simons Observatory: Complex Impedance Measurements for a Full Focal-Plane Module

Author

Jack Lashner, Joseph Seibert, Max Silva-Feaver, Tanay Bhandarkar, Kevin T. Crowley, Shannon M. Duff, Daniel Dutcher, Kathleen Harrington, Shawn W. Henderson, Amber D. Miller, Michael Niemack, Suzanne Staggs, Yuhan Wang, and Kaiwen Zheng

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground based Cosmic Microwave Background experiment that will be deployed to the Atacama Desert in Chile. SO will field over 60,000 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers that will observe in six spectral bands between 27 GHz and 280 GHz with the goal of revealing new information about the origin and evolution of the universe. SO detectors are grouped based on their observing frequency and packaged into Universal Focal Plane Modules, each containing up to 1720 detectors which are read out using microwave SQUID multiplexing and the SLAC Microresonator Radio Frequency Electronics (\smurf). By measuring the complex impedance of a TES we are able to access many thermoelectric properties of the detector that are difficult to determine using other calibration methods, however it has been difficult historically to measure complex impedance for many detectors at once due to high sample rate requirements. Here we present a method which uses \smurf\ to measure the complex impedance of hundreds of detectors simultaneously on hour-long timescales. We compare the measured effective thermal time constants to those estimated independently with bias steps. This new method opens up the possibility for using this characterization tool both in labs and at the site to better understand the full population of SO detectors.

Published
2022

15. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Modeling bulk atmospheric motion

Author

Thomas W. Morris, Ricardo Bustos, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Patricio A. Gallardo, Matthew Hasselfield, Adam D. Hincks, Tony Mroczkowski, Sigurd Naess, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman Page, Bruce Partridge, Maria Salatino, Suzanne Staggs, Jesse Treu, Edward J. Wollack, and Zhilei Xu

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Fluctuating atmospheric emission is a dominant source of noise for ground-based millimeter-wave observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropy at angular scales \ud≳\ud0.5\ud°\ud. We present a model of the atmosphere as a discrete set of emissive turbulent layers that move with respect to the observer with a horizontal wind velocity. After introducing a statistic derived from the time-lag dependent correlation function for detector pairs in an array, referred to as the pair-lag, we use this model to estimate the aggregate angular motion of the atmosphere derived from time-ordered data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). We find that estimates derived from ACT’s CMB observations alone agree with those derived from satellite weather data that additionally include a height-dependent horizontal wind velocity and water vapor density. We also explore the dependence of the measured atmospheric noise spectrum on the relative angle between the wind velocity and the telescope scan direction. In particular, we find that varying the scan velocity changes the noise spectrum in a predictable way. Computing the pair-lag statistic opens up new avenues for understanding how atmospheric fluctuations impact measurements of the CMB anisotropy.

Published
2022

16. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Search for Planet 9

Author

Naess, S, Aiola, S, Battaglia, N, Bond, R, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Cothard, N, Halpern, M, Colin Hill, J, Koopman, B, Devlin, M, Mcmahon, J, Dicker, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Fanfani, V, Ferraro, S, Gallardo, P, Guan, Y, Han, D, Hasselfield, M, Hincks, A, Huffenberger, K, Kosowsky, A, Louis, T, Macinnis, A, Madhavacheril, M, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Page, L, Salatino, M, Schaan, E, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Sehgal, N, Sif??n, C, Staggs, S, Van Engelen, A, Wollack, E, Sigurd Naess, Simone Aiola, Nick Battaglia, Richard J. Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi, Nicholas F. Cothard, Mark Halpern, J. Colin Hill, Brian J. Koopman, Mark Devlin, Jeff McMahon, Simon Dicker, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Valentina Fanfani, Simone Ferraro, Patricio A. Gallardo, Yilun Guan, Dongwon Han, Matthew Hasselfield, Adam D. Hincks, Kevin Huffenberger, Arthur B. Kosowsky, Thibaut Louis, Amanda Macinnis, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Federico Nati, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman Page, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, John Orlowski-Scherer, Alessandro Schillaci, Benjamin Schmitt, Neelima Sehgal, Crist??bal Sif??n, Suzanne Staggs, Alexander Van Engelen, Edward J. Wollack, Naess, S, Aiola, S, Battaglia, N, Bond, R, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Cothard, N, Halpern, M, Colin Hill, J, Koopman, B, Devlin, M, Mcmahon, J, Dicker, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Fanfani, V, Ferraro, S, Gallardo, P, Guan, Y, Han, D, Hasselfield, M, Hincks, A, Huffenberger, K, Kosowsky, A, Louis, T, Macinnis, A, Madhavacheril, M, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Page, L, Salatino, M, Schaan, E, Orlowski-Scherer, J, Schillaci, A, Schmitt, B, Sehgal, N, Sif??n, C, Staggs, S, Van Engelen, A, Wollack, E, Sigurd Naess, Simone Aiola, Nick Battaglia, Richard J. Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi, Nicholas F. Cothard, Mark Halpern, J. Colin Hill, Brian J. Koopman, Mark Devlin, Jeff McMahon, Simon Dicker, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Jo Dunkley, Valentina Fanfani, Simone Ferraro, Patricio A. Gallardo, Yilun Guan, Dongwon Han, Matthew Hasselfield, Adam D. Hincks, Kevin Huffenberger, Arthur B. Kosowsky, Thibaut Louis, Amanda Macinnis, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Federico Nati, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman Page, Maria Salatino, Emmanuel Schaan, John Orlowski-Scherer, Alessandro Schillaci, Benjamin Schmitt, Neelima Sehgal, Crist??bal Sif??n, Suzanne Staggs, Alexander Van Engelen, and Edward J. Wollack

Abstract

We use Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) observations at 98 GHz (2015-2019), 150 GHz (2013-2019), and 229 GHz (2017-2019) to perform a blind shift-and-stack search for Planet 9. The search explores distances from 300 au to 2000 au and velocities up to 6.'3 per year, depending on the distance (r). For a 5 Earth-mass Planet 9 the detection limit varies from 325 au to 625 au, depending on the sky location. For a 10 Earth-mass planet the corresponding range is 425 au to 775 au. The predicted aphelion and most likely location of the planet corresponds to the shallower end of these ranges. The search covers the whole 18,000 square degrees of the ACT survey. No significant detections are found, which is used to place limits on the millimeter-wave flux density of Planet 9 over much of its orbit. Overall we eliminate roughly 17% and 9% of the parameter space for a 5 and 10 Earth-mass Planet 9, respectively. These bounds approach those of a recent INPOP19a ephemeris-based analysis, but do not exceed it. We also provide a list of the 10 strongest candidates from the search for possible follow-up. More generally, we exclude (at 95% confidence) the presence of an unknown solar system object within our survey area brighter than 4-12 mJy (depending on position) at 150 GHz with current distance 300 au < r < 600 au and heliocentric angular velocity 1.'5 yr(-1) < nu.500 au/r< 2.'' 3 yr(-1), corresponding to low-to-moderate eccentricities. These limits worsen gradually beyond 600 au, reaching 5-15 mJy by 1500 au.

Published
2021

17. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: measurement and analysis of 1D beams for DR4

Author

Marius Lungu, Emilie R. Storer, Matthew Hasselfield, Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden, Erminia Calabrese, Grace E. Chesmore, Steve K. Choi, Jo Dunkley, Rolando Dünner, Patricio A. Gallardo, Joseph E. Golec, Yilun Guan, J. Colin Hill, Adam D. Hincks, Johannes Hubmayr, Mathew S. Madhavacheril, Maya Mallaby-Kay, Jeff McMahon, Kavilan Moodley, Sigurd Naess, Federico Nati, Michael D. Niemack, Lyman A. Page, Bruce Partridge, Roberto Puddu, Alessandro Schillaci, Cristóbal Sifón, Suzanne Staggs, Dhaneshwar D. Sunder, Edward J. Wollack, Zhilei Xu, Lungu, M, Storer, E, Hasselfield, M, Duivenvoorden, A, Calabrese, E, Chesmore, G, Choi, S, Dunkley, J, Dunner, R, Gallardo, P, Golec, J, Guan, Y, Hill, J, Hincks, A, Hubmayr, J, Madhavacheril, M, Mallaby-Kay, M, Mcmahon, J, Moodley, K, Naess, S, Nati, F, Niemack, M, Page, L, Partridge, B, Puddu, R, Schillaci, A, Sifon, C, Staggs, S, Sunder, D, Wollack, E, and Xu, Z

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, CMBR experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), CMBR detector, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe the measurement and treatment of the telescope beams for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope's fourth data release, DR4. Observations of Uranus are used to measure the central portion (, 32 pages, 21 figures

Published
2022

18. Preface

Author

Nathan Newbury, Michael Newman, John Ruhl, Suzanne Staggs, and Stephen Thorsett

Published
2018

20. Observing the Evolution of the Universe

Author

James Aguirre, Alexandre Amblard, Amjad Ashoorioon, Carlo Baccigalupi, Amedeo Balbi, Bartlett, J. G., Nicola Bartolo, Dominic Benford, Mark Birkinshaw, Jamie Bock, Dick Bond, Julian Borrill, Franois Bouchet, Michael Bridges, Emory Bunn, Erminia Calabrese, Christopher Cantalupo, Ana Caramete, Carmelita Carbone, Suchetana Chatterjee, Sarah Church, David Chuss, Carlo Contaldi, Asantha Cooray, Sudeep Das, Francesco de Bernardis, Paolo de Bernardis, Gianfranco de Zotti, Delabrouille, J., Xavier Dsert, F., Mark Devlin, Clive Dickinson, Simon Dicker, Matt Dobbs, Scott Dodelson, Olivier Dore, Jessie Dotson, Joanna Dunkley, Maria Cristina Falvella, Dale Fixsen, Pablo Fosalba, Joseph Fowler, Evalyn Gates, Walter Gear, Sunil Golwala, Krzysztof Gorski, Alessandro Gruppuso, Josh Gundersen, Mark Halpern, Shaul Hanany, Masashi Hazumi, Carlos Hernandez-Monteagudo, Mark Hertzberg, Gary Hinshaw, Christopher Hirata, Eric Hivon, Warren Holmes, William Holzapfel, Wayne Hu, Johannes Hubmayr, Kevin Huffenberger, Kent Irwin, Mark Jackson, Andrew Jaffe, Bradley Johnson, William Jones, Manoj Kaplinghat, Brian Keating, Reijo Keskitalo, Justin Khoury, Will Kinney, Theodore Kisner, Lloyd Knox, Alan Kogut, Eiichiro Komatsu, Arthur Kosowsky, John Kovac, Lawrence Krauss, Hannu Kurki-Suonio, Susana Landau, Charles Lawrence, Samuel Leach, Adrian Lee, Erik Leitch, Rodrigo Leonardi, Julien Lesgourgues, Andrew Liddle, Eugene Lim, Michele Limon, Marilena Loverde, Philip Lubin, Antonio Magalhaes, Davide Maino, Tobias Marriage, Victoria Martin, Sabino Matarrese, John Mather, Harsh Mathur, Tomotake Matsumura, Pieter Meerburg, Alessandro Melchiorri, Stephan Meyer, Amber Miller, Michael Milligan, Kavilan Moodley, Michael Neimack, Hogan Nguyen, Dwyer, Ian O., Angiola Orlando, Luca Pagano, Lyman Page, Bruce Partridge, Timothy Pearson, Hiranya Peiris, Francesco Piacentini, Lucio Piccirillo, Elena Pierpaoli, Davide Pietrobon, Giampaolo Pisano, Levon Pogosian, Dmitri Pogosyan, Nicolas Ponthieu, Lucia Popa, Clement Pryke, Christoph Raeth, Subharthi Ray, Christian Reichardt, Sara Ricciardi, Paul Richards, Graca Rocha, Lawrence Rudnick, John Ruhl, Benjamin Rusholme, Claudia Scoccola, Douglas Scott, Carolyn Sealfon, Neelima Sehgal, Michael Seiffert, Leonardo Senatore, Paolo Serra, Sarah Shandera, Meir Shimon, Peter Shirron, Jonathan Sievers, Kris Sigurdson, Joe Silk, Robert Silverberg, Eva Silverstein, Suzanne Staggs, Albert Stebbins, Federico Stivoli, Radek Stompor, Naoshi Sugiyama, Daniel Swetz, Andria Tartari, Max Tegmark, Peter Timbie, Matthieu Tristram, Gregory Tucker, Jon Urrestilla, John Vaillancourt, Veneziani, M., Licia Verde, Joaquin Vieira, Scott Watson, Benjamin Wandelt, Grant Wilson, Edward Wollack, Mark Wyman, Amit Yadav, Giraud-Héraud, Y., Olivier Zahn, Matias Zaldarriaga, Michael Zemcov, Jonathan Zwart, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), and Bartlett, James

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.CO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

How did the universe evolve? The fine angular scale (l>1000) temperature and polarization anisotropies in the CMB are a Rosetta stone for understanding the evolution of the universe. Through detailed measurements one may address everything from the physics of the birth of the universe to the history of star formation and the process by which galaxies formed. One may in addition track the evolution of the dark energy and discover the net neutrino mass. We are at the dawn of a new era in which hundreds of square degrees of sky can be mapped with arcminute resolution and sensitivities measured in microKelvin. Acquiring these data requires the use of special purpose telescopes such as the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), located in Chile, and the South Pole Telescope (SPT). These new telescopes are outfitted with a new generation of custom mm-wave kilo-pixel arrays. Additional instruments are in the planning stages., Science White Paper submitted to the US Astro2010 Decadal Survey. Full list of 177 author available at http://cmbpol.uchicago.edu

Published
2009

21. Astro2020 Science White Paper: Primordial Non-Gaussianity

Author

Daniel Meerburg, P., Daniel Green, Muntazir Abidi, Amin, Mustafa A., Peter Adshead, Zeeshan Ahmed, David Alonso, Behzad Ansarinejad, Robert Armstrong, Santiago Ávila, Carlo Baccigalupi, Tobias Baldauf, Mario Ballardini, Kevin Bandura, Nicola Bartolo, Nicholas Battaglia, Daniel Baumann, Chetan Bavdhankar, José Luis Bernal, Florian Beutler, Matteo Biagetti, Colin Bischoff, Jonathan Blazek, Richard Bond, J., Julian Borrill, Bouchet, François R., Philip Bull, Cliff Burgess, Christian Byrnes, Erminia Calabrese, Carlstrom, John E., Emanuele Castorina, Anthony Challinor, Tzu-Ching Chang, Jonas Chaves-Montero, Xingang Chen, Christophe Yeche, Asantha Cooray, William Coulton, Thomas Crawford, Elisa Chisari, Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine, Amico, Guido D., Paolo de Bernardis, Axel de la Macorra, Olivier Dore, Adri Duivenvoorden, Joanna Dunkley, Cora Dvorkin, Alexander Eggemeier, Stephanie Escoffier, Tom Essinger-Hileman, Matteo Fasiello, Simone Ferraro, Raphael Flauger, Andreu Font-Ribera, Simon Foreman, Oliver Friedrich, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Martina Gerbino, Vera Gluscevic, Garrett Goon, Gorski, Krzysztof M., Gudmundsson, Jon E., Nikhel Gupta, Shaul Hanany, Will Handley, Hawken, Adam J., Colin Hill, J., Hirata, Christopher M., Renée Hložek, Gilbert Holder, Dragan Huterer, Marc Kamionkowski, Karkare, Kirit S., Keeley, Ryan E., William Kinney, Theodore Kisner, Jean-Paul Kneib, Lloyd Knox, Koushiappas, Savvas M., Kovetz, Ely D., Kazuya Koyama, Huillier, Benjamin L., Ofer Lahav, Massimiliano Lattanzi, Hayden Lee, Michele Liguori, Marilena Loverde, Mathew Madhavacheril, Juan Maldacena, David Marsh, M. C., Kiyoshi Masui, Sabino Matarrese, Liam Mcallister, Jeff Mcmahon, Matthew Mcquinn, Joel Meyers, Mehrdad Mirbabayi, Azadeh Moradinezhad Dizgah, Pavel Motloch, Suvodip Mukherjee, Muñoz, Julian B., Myers, Adam D., Johanna Nagy, Pavel Naselsky, Federico Nati, Alberto Nicolis, Niemack, Michael D., Gustavo Niz, Andrei Nomerotski, Lyman Page, Enrico Pajer, Hamsa Padmanabhan, Palma, Gonzalo A., Peiris, Hiranya V., Percival, Will J., Francesco Piacentni, Pimentel, Guilherme L., Levon Pogosian, Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, Clement Pryke, Giuseppe Puglisi, Benjamin Racine, Radek Stompor, Marco Raveri, Mathieu Remazeilles, Gracca Rocha, Ross, Ashley J., Graziano Rossi, John Ruhl, Misao Sasaki, Emmanuel Schaan, Alessandro Schillaci, Marcel Schmittfull, Neelima Sehgal, Leonardo Senatore, Hee-Jong Seo, Huanyuan Shan, Sarah Shandera, Sherwin, Blake D., Eva Silverstein, Sara Simon, Anže Slosar, Suzanne Staggs, Glenn Starkman, Albert Stebbins, Aritoki Suzuki, Switzer, Eric R., Peter Timbie, Tolley, Andrew J., Maurizio Tomasi, Matthieu Tristram, Mark Trodden, Yu-Dai Tsai, Cora Uhlemann, Caterina Umiltà, Alexander van Engelen, Vargas-Magaña, M., Abigail Vieregg, Benjamin Wallisch, David Wands, Benjamin Wandelt, Yi Wang, Scott Watson, Mark Wise, Wu, W. L. K., Zhong-Zhi Xianyu, Weishuang Xu, Siavash Yasini, Sam Young, Duan Yutong, Matias Zaldarriaga, Michael Zemcov, Gong-Bo Zhao, Yi Zheng, and Ningfeng Zhu

22. Recent discoveries from the cosmic microwave background: a review of recent progress.

Author

Suzanne Staggs, Jo Dunkley, and Lyman Page

Subjects
*COSMIC background radiation, *NEUTRINOS, *GRAVITATIONAL waves, *GRAVITATIONAL lenses, *STANDARD model (Nuclear physics)
Abstract

Measurements of the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation have provided a wealth of information about the cosmological model that describes the contents and evolution of the universe. These data have led to a standard model described by just six parameters. In this review we focus on discoveries made in the past decade from satellite and ground-based experiments, and look ahead to those anticipated in the coming decade. We provide an introduction to the key CMB observables including temperature and polarization anisotropies, and describe recent progress towards understanding the initial conditions of structure formation, and establishing the properties of the contents of the universe including neutrinos. Results are now being derived both from the primordial CMB signal that traces the behavior of the universe at 400 000 years of cosmic time, as well as from the signals imprinted at later times due to scattering from galaxy clusters, from the motion of electrons in the ionized universe, and from the gravitational lensing of the CMB photons. We describe current experimental methods to measure the CMB, particularly focusing on details relevant for ground and balloon-based instruments, and give an overview of the broad data analysis methods required to convert measurements of the microwave sky into cosmological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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