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1. Strong Aerosol Absorption and Its Radiative Effects in Lhasa on the Tibetan Plateau

Author: Shuo Wang, Weixiong Zhao, Qianqian Liu, Jiacheng Zhou, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Xuezhe Xu, Chong Zhang, Chunxiang Ye, Yu Zheng, Huizheng Che, and Weijun Zhang
Subjects: aerosol optical properties, single scattering albedo, in situ measurement, aerosol absorption contributions, direct aerosol radiative forcing, Tibetan Pleateau warming, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract: Abstract Knowledge of aerosol radiative effects in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is limited due to the lack of reliable aerosol optical properties, especially the single scattering albedo (SSA). We firstly reported in situ measurement of SSA in Lhasa using a cavity enhanced albedometer (CEA) at λ = 532 nm from 22nd May to 11th June 2021. Unexpected strong aerosol absorbing ability was observed with an average SSA of 0.69. Based on spectral absorptions measured by Aethalometer (AE33), black carbon (BC) was found to be the dominated absorbing species, accounting for about 83% at λ = 370 nm, followed by primary and secondary brown carbon (BrCpri and BrCsec). The average direct aerosol radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere (DARFTOA) was 2.83 W/m2, indicating aerosol warming effect on the Earth‐atmosphere system. Even though aerosol loading is low, aerosol heating effect plays a significant role on TP warming due to strong absorbing ability.
Published: 2024
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2. Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe

Author: Pedro Trechera, Meritxell Garcia-Marlès, Xiansheng Liu, Cristina Reche, Noemí Pérez, Marjan Savadkoohi, David Beddows, Imre Salma, Máté Vörösmarty, Andrea Casans, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Marchand, Benjamin Chazeau, Grégory Gille, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Nadia Zikova, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Michael Norman, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Holger Gerwig, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Susanne Bastian, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Nicolas Ferlay, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Hilkka Timonen, Janne Lampilahti, Christof Asbach, Carmen Wolf, Heinz Kaminski, Hicran Altug, Barbara Hoffmann, David Q. Rich, Marco Pandolfi, Roy M. Harrison, Philip K. Hopke, Tuukka Petäjä, Andrés Alastuey, and Xavier Querol
Subjects: Air quality, Aerosols, Atmospheric particulate matter, Nanoparticles, Urban environment, Particle number concentrations, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: The 2017–2019 hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US were evaluated focusing on 16 urban background (UB) and 6 traffic (TR) sites in the framework of Research Infrastructures services reinforcing air quality monitoring capacities in European URBAN & industrial areaS (RI-URBANS) project. The main objective was to describe the phenomenology of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe with a significant air quality focus.The varying lower size detection limits made it difficult to compare PN concentrations (PNC), particularly PN10-25, from different cities. PNCs follow a TR > UB > Suburban (SUB) order. PNC and Black Carbon (BC) progressively increase from Northern Europe to Southern Europe and from Western to Eastern Europe. At the UB sites, typical traffic rush hour PNC peaks are evident, many also showing midday-morning PNC peaks anti-correlated with BC. These peaks result from increased PN10-25, suggesting significant PNC contributions from nucleation, fumigation and shipping.Site types to be identified by daily and seasonal PNC and BC patterns are: (i) PNC mainly driven by traffic emissions, with marked correlations with BC on different time scales; (ii) marked midday/morning PNC peaks and a seasonal anti-correlation with PNC/BC; (iii) both traffic peaks and midday peaks without marked seasonal patterns. Groups (ii) and (iii) included cities with high insolation.PNC, especially PN25-800, was positively correlated with BC, NO2, CO and PM for several sites. The variable correlation of PNSD with different urban pollutants demonstrates that these do not reflect the variability of UFP in urban environments. Specific monitoring of PNSD is needed if nanoparticles and their associated health impacts are to be assessed. Implementation of the CEN-ACTRIS recommendations for PNSD measurements would provide comparable measurements, and measurements of
Published: 2023
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3. On the Trend in Below-Cloud Solar Irradiance in The Netherlands versus That in Aerosol Sulfate Concentration

Author: Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Andrey Khlystov, and Harry Ten Brink
Subjects: aerosol–cloud interaction, cloud chamber, stratocumulus, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: The below-cloud irradiance in The Netherlands increased by over 10 Wm−2 in the past half century. It was hypothesized that this could be due to a decrease in the aerosol serving as cloud condensation nuclei, on which the cloud droplets form, in the following way. With unchanged macrophysics, clouds with a lower number of droplets are less reflective, in other words, they transmit more solar radiation. This hypothesis cannot be substantiated with data because of a generic absence of long-term information on cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs) worldwide. To assess the historic trend in CDNC, we used the Boucher and Lohmann (B&L) empirical relationship between CDNC and the mass concentration of the water-attracting hygroscopic aerosol components. The B&L parameterization was tested and validated with observations from the CHIEF cloud chamber, in which the formation of marine stratocumulus, the most frequent cloud type in The Netherlands, is simulated. This study will focus on summer periods because the irradiance governs the yearly average at this latitude. The summer trend of sulfate, the most dominant hygroscopic component of observed aerosol mass concentration, was analyzed with EBAS data from 1972 onwards. The average summer CDNCs were then calculated via the B&L parameterization, showing an upper limit of 380 cm−3 in the 1970s and decreasing to around 200 cm−3 in the 2010s. The associated increase in transmission for thin marine stratocumulus without overlying clouds would be, at most, 3.5 W m−2. Unobstructed stratocumuli occur only part of the time, and the change in irradiance based on the reduction in cloud droplet number is certainly small in comparison to the empirically derived trend of 10 W m−2.
Published: 2022
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4. Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

Author: Patrick Augustin, Sylvain Billet, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Karine Deboudt, Elsa Dieudonné, Pascal Flament, Marc Fourmentin, Sarah Guilbaud, Benjamin Hanoune, Yann Landkocz, Clémence Méausoone, Sayahnya Roy, François G. Schmitt, Alexei Sentchev, and Anton Sokolov
Subjects: air quality, lidar, sea breeze, atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric dynamics, aerosols, toxicology, Science
Abstract: Sea breeze (SB) phenomena may strongly influence air quality and lead to important effects on human health. In order to study the impact of SB dynamics on the properties and toxicity of aerosols, an atmospheric mobile unit was deployed during a field campaign performed in an urbanized and industrialized coastal area in Northern France. This unit combines aerosol samplers, two scanning lidars (Doppler and elastic) and an air-liquid interface (ALI, Vitrocell®) in vitro cell exposure device. Our study highlights that after the passage of an SB front, the top of the atmospheric boundary layer collapses as the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) develops, which leads to high aerosol extinction coefficient values (>0.4 km−1) and an increase of PM2.5 and NOx concentrations in the SB current. The number-size distribution of particles indicates a high proportion of fine particles (with diameter below 500 nm), while the volume-size distribution shows a major mode of coarse particles centered on 2−3 µm. Individual particle analyses performed by cryo-transmission scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TSEM)-EDX highlights that submicronic particles contained a high fraction of secondary compounds, which may result from nucleation and/or condensation of condensable species (vapors or gaseous species after photo-oxidation). Secondary aerosol (SA) formation can be enhanced in some areas, by the interaction between the SB flow and the upper continental air mass, particularly due to the effect of both turbulence and temperature/humidity gradients between these two contrasting air masses. Potential areas of SA formation are located near the ground, during the SB front passage and in the vicinity of the SB current top. During the sea breeze event, an increase in the oxidative stress and inflammation processes in exposed lung cells, compared to the unexposed cells, can also be seen. In some instances, short singularity periods are observed during SB, corresponding to a double flow structure. It consists of two adjacent SB currents that induce an important increase of the TIBL top, improving the pollutants dispersion. This is associated with a substantial decrease of aerosol mass concentrations.
Published: 2020
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5. A Broadband Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectrometer for Simultaneous measurements of NO2 and particulate matter

Author: Weidong Chen, Gaoxuan Wang, Lingshuo Meng, Qian Gou, Benjamin Hanoune, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Thomas Fagniez, Cécile Coeur, and Rony Akiki
Abstract: A novel instrument based on broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy has been developed using a supercontinuum broadband light source, which showcases its ability in simultaneous measurements of the concentration of NO2 and the extinction of particulate matter (PM). Side-by-side intercomparison was carried out with the reference NOx analyzer for NO2 and OPC-N2 particle counter for particulate matter, which shows a good linear correlation with r2 > 0.90. Measurement limits (1σ) of the developed instrument were experimentally determined to be 230 pptv in 40 s for NO2 and 1.24 Mm-1 for the PM extinction in 15 s, respectively.This work provides a promising method in simultaneously monitoring atmospheric gaseous compounds and particulate matter, which would further advance our understanding on gas-particle heterogeneous interactions in the context of climate change and air quality.Experimental details and the preliminary results will be discussed and presented. AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank the ﬁnancial supports from the French national research agency (ANR) under the MABCaM (ANR-16-CE04-0009), the CaPPA (ANR-10-LABX-005) contracts, the CPER ECRIN program, and the EU H2020-ATMOS project.
Published: 2023

6. Measurement report: Atmospheric new particle formation at a peri-urban site in Lille, northern France

Author: Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Jenni S. S. Kontkanen, Clémence Rose, Alejandra Velazquez Garcia, Eric Bourrianne, Maxime Catalfamo, Véronique Riffault, Emmanuel Tison, Joel Ferreira de Brito, Nicolas Visez, Nicolas Ferlay, Frédérique Auriol, Isabelle Chiapello, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, IT Center for Science [Espoo] (CSC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science
Abstract: Formation of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in the urban atmosphere is expected to be less favored than in the rural atmosphere due to the high existing particle surface area acting as a sink for newly formed particles. Despite large condensation sink (CS) values, previous comparative studies between rural and urban sites reported higher frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events over urban sites in comparison to background sites as well as higher particle formation and growth rates attributed to the higher concentration of condensable species. The present study aims at a better understanding the environmental factors favoring, or disfavoring, atmospheric NPF over Lille, a large city in the north of France, and to analyze their impact on particle number concentration using a 4-year long-term dataset. The results highlight a strong seasonal variation of NPF occurrences with a maximum frequency observed during spring (27 events) and summer (53 events). It was found that high temperature (T>295 K), low relative humidity (RH %), and high solar radiation are ideal to observe NPF events over Lille. Relatively high CS values (i.e., ∼2×10-2 s−1) are reported during event days suggesting that high CS does not inhibit the occurrence of NPF over the ATmospheric Observations in LiLLE (ATOLL) station. Moreover, the particle growth rate was positively correlated with temperatures most probably due to higher emission of precursors. Finally, the nucleation strength factor (NSF) was calculated to highlight the impact of those NPF events on particle number concentrations. NSF reached a maximum of four in summer, evidencing a huge contribution of NPF events to particle number concentration at this time of the year.
Published: 2023

7. Reply on RC1

Author: Suzanne Crumeyrolle
Published: 2022

8. Measurement report: Atmopsheric new particle formation in a peri-urban site in Lille, Northern France

Author: Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Jenni Kontkanen, Clémence Rose, Alejandra Velasquez Garcia, Eric Bourrianne, Maxime Catalfamo, Véronique Riffault, Emmanuel Tison, Joel Ferreira de Brito, Nicolas Visez, Nicolas Ferlay, Frédérique Auriol, Isabelle Chiapello, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: Formation of Ultrafine particles (UFPs) in the urban atmosphere is expected to be less favored than in the rural atmosphere due to the high existing particle surface area acting as a sink for newly-formed particles Despite the large condensation sink (CS) values, previous comparative studies between rural and urban site reported higher frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events over urban sites in comparison to background sites as well as higher particle formation and growth rates attributed to the higher concentration of condensable species. The present study aims to better understand the environmental factors favoring, or disfavoring, atmospheric NPF over Lille, a large city North of France and to analyze their impact on particle number concentration using a long-term dataset (4 years : 1st July 2017 to 31st December 2020). The results highlight a strong seasonal variation of the NPF occurrences with a maximum observed during spring (27 events) and summer (53 events). It was found that high temperature (T > 295 K), low RH (RH < 45 %) and high solar radiation are ideal to observe NPF events over Lille. Relatively high values of condensation sink (CS ~ 2.10-2 s-1) are reported during event days suggesting that high CS does not inhibit the occurrence of NPFt over our site. Moreover, the particle Growth Rate (GR15.7-30 nm) was positively correlated with the temperature most probably linked to the higher emissions of precursors. Finally, the nucleation strength factor (NSF) was calculated to highlight the impact of those NPF events on particle number concentrations. NSF15.7-100 reaches a maximum of 4 in summer, indicating an enormous contribution of NPF events to particle number concentration at this time of the year.
Published: 2022

9. Supplementary material to 'Measurement report: Atmopsheric new particle formation in a peri-urban site in Lille, Northern France'

Author: Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Jenni Kontkanen, Clémence Rose, Alejandra Velasquez Garcia, Eric Bourrianne, Maxime Catalfamo, Véronique Riffault, Emmanuel Tison, Joel Ferreira de Brito, Nicolas Visez, Nicolas Ferlay, Frédérique Auriol, and Isabelle Chiapello
Published: 2022

10. Phenomenology of Ultrafine Particle Concentrations and Size Distribution Across Urban Europe

Author: Pedro Trechera, Meritxell Garcia-Marlès, Xiansheng Liu, Cristina Reche, Noemí Pérez, Marjan Savadkoohi, David Beddows, Imre Salma, Máté Vörösmarty, Andrea Casans, Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Marchand, Benjamin Chazeau, Grégory Gille, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Nadia Zikova, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Michael Norman, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Holger Gerwig, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Susanne Bastian, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Nicolas Ferlay, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Hilkka Timonen, Janne Lampilahti, Christof Asbach, Carmen Wolf, Heinz Kaminski, Hicran Altug, Barbara Hoffmann, David Q. Rich, Marco Pandolfi, Roy M. Harrison, Philip K. Hopke, Tuukka Petäjä, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Aerosols, History, Polymers and Plastics, Air quality, Atmospheric particulate matter, Nanoparticles, Urban environment, Business and International Management, Particle number concentrations, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, General Environmental Science
Abstract: This study is supported by the RI-URBANS project (Research Infrastructures Services Reinforcing Air Quality Monitoring Capacities in European Urban & Industrial Areas, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Green Deal, European Commission, under grant agreement No 101036245). The authors would like to thank ACTRIS (The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure), especially the EBAS Data Centre, for providing datasets for the study. The authors would like to thank also the support from “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and FEDER funds under the projects CAIAC (PID2019-108990RB-I00); and the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2021 SGR00447) and the Direcció General de Territori. This study is partly funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, a partnership between UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) and Imperial College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, UKHSA, or the Department of Health and Social Care. The work in Rochester, NY was funded by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority under contracts #59802 and 125993. This research is also partly supported by the Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office (grant no. K132254). We thank the Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology (HLNUG), Wiesbaden, Germany for providing concentrations of ancillary pollutants of urban background station at Darmstadt. The Stockholm traffic station (Hornsgatan) datasets were provided thanks to the nPETS project (grant agreement no. 954377) funded by the European Union (EU)., Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107744, The 2017–2019 hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US were evaluated focusing on 16 urban background (UB) and 6 traffic (TR) sites in the framework of Research Infrastructures services reinforcing air quality monitoring capacities in European URBAN & industrial areaS (RI-URBANS) project. The main objective was to describe the phenomenology of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe with a significant air quality focus. The varying lower size detection limits made it difficult to compare PN concentrations (PNC), particularly PN10-25, from different cities. PNCs follow a TR > UB > Suburban (SUB) order. PNC and Black Carbon (BC) progressively increase from Northern Europe to Southern Europe and from Western to Eastern Europe. At the UB sites, typical traffic rush hour PNC peaks are evident, many also showing midday-morning PNC peaks anti-correlated with BC. These peaks result from increased PN10-25, suggesting significant PNC contributions from nucleation, fumigation and shipping. Site types to be identified by daily and seasonal PNC and BC patterns are: (i) PNC mainly driven by traffic emissions, with marked correlations with BC on different time scales; (ii) marked midday/morning PNC peaks and a seasonal anti-correlation with PNC/BC; (iii) both traffic peaks and midday peaks without marked seasonal patterns. Groups (ii) and (iii) included cities with high insolation. PNC, especially PN25-800, was positively correlated with BC, NO2, CO and PM for several sites. The variable correlation of PNSD with different urban pollutants demonstrates that these do not reflect the variability of UFP in urban environments. Specific monitoring of PNSD is needed if nanoparticles and their associated health impacts are to be assessed. Implementation of the CEN-ACTRIS recommendations for PNSD measurements would provide comparable measurements, and measurements of, RI-URBANS project, ACTRIS, EBAS Data Centre, “Agencia Estatal de Investigación" Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, FEDER projects CAIAC (PID2019-108990RB-I00), Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR 2021 SGR00447) and the Direcció General de Territori, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Hungarian Research, Development and Innovation Office, CGIAR European Commission 954377
Published: 2022

11. A Competition–Species Model for Water Vapour-Aerosol-Cloud-Rain Interactions

Author: Faustine Mascaut, Olivier Pujol, Jérôme Brioude, Andrew Jensen, Marc Lefranc, Stéphanie Evan, and Suzanne Crumeyrolle
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, History, Polymers and Plastics, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published: 2022

12. Impact of the particle mixing state on the hygroscopicity of internally mixed sodium chloride-ammonium sulfate single droplets: a theoretical and experimental study

Author: Nicolas Visez, Marie Choël, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Danielle El Hajj, Yeny A. Tobon, Samantha Seng, Myriam Moreau, Ferdaous Bengrad, Isabelle Chiapello, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ammonium sulfate, Phase transition, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sodium, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, food and beverages, 010501 environmental sciences, Mole fraction, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Relative humidity, Raman microscope, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Sulfate, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the main constituent of sea-salt aerosols. During atmospheric transport, seasalt aerosols can interact with gases and other particles including secondary aerosols containing ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). This paper reports on the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of internally mixed sodium chloride–ammonium sulfate (NaCl/(NH4)2SO4) coarse particles by means of an acoustic levitation system fitted with a confocal Raman microscope (CRM). The chemical composition and physical state of individual levitated particles of different initial NaCl mole fractions were monitored during the deliquescence cycle by CRM. Experimental results were compared to the data predicted bythe thermodynamic model E-AIM (Extended-Aerosol Inorganics Model). We demonstrated that NH4Cl, Na2SO4 and NH4NaSO42H2O are formed in recrystallized particles and coexist with NaCl and (NH4)2SO4. All these products are randomly distributed within the particles. Deliquescence curves described two or three-stage phase transitions depending on the initial composition of the droplet. Significant discrepancies between the model and the laboratory experiments were observed for NaCl mole fractions varying between 0.40 and 0.77 due to a divergence between the predicted and the truly present products in the particles’ solid fraction during the humidification cycle.
Published: 2021

13. Aerosol variability induced by atmospheric dynamics in a coastal area of Senegal, North-Western Africa

Author: Yevgeny Derimian, Marc Fourmentin, Laura-Hélèna Rivellini, Véronique Riffault, Karine Deboudt, Isabelle Chiapello, Elsa Dieudonné, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Patrick Augustin, Marie Choël, Hervé Delbarre, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Ecosystèmes Littoraux et Cotiers, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, Atmospheric sciences, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Sea breeze, Sensing measurements, Relative humidity, Aerosol, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, Harmattan, Radiative forcing, Dynamics, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, In-situ and remote
Abstract: International audience; During the first Intensive Observation Period (IOP1) of the SHADOW (SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) campaign carried out during March-June 2015, the Mbour site (Senegal) was reinforced with a large setup of in-situ and remote sensing instruments to measure the aerosol optical, physical and chemical properties as well as the atmospheric dynamical features over the site. Here, we use this dataset to study the impact of Sea Breeze (SB) on the aerosol properties.Two case studies were selected: (i) one representative of SB events observed during typical Harmattan conditions, (ii) and one representative of SB events observed during a Harmattan desert dust event. Both cases show a strong influence of the SB period on the dry Mass Scattering Efficiency (MSE), which increases by a factor of up to 1.4. Given the fact that SB occurred every other day at this coastal site during IOP1 (dry season) and that the relative humidity may reach 96%, the effect of such event on the radiative forcing may not benegligible.In order to evaluate the effects of different flows on aerosol transport, recirculation and stagnation factors were retrieved from wind components. The air mass recirculation factor implies that aerosols previously transported from the land over the sea are then brought back inland. In both cases, high recirculation factors were calculated (between 0.84 and 0.98) and air mass stagnation was observed right before the SB establishment. However, this stagnation is observed over the sea during the first case while it is located near the coast during the second case, which has a significant impact on the aerosol evolution. Indeed, a stagnation of air masses over the sea is associated with an increase in fine aerosol mass concentrations (PM1, PM2.5) due to a higher contribution of marine and anthropogenic sources notably for organic aerosols, and a higher contribution of more-oxidized organics. This contribution is lower when the air mass stagnation occurs over the shoreline during the desert dust event.
Published: 2019

14. The observation of different aerosols types in the Mount Etna environment and their relative and mutual impacts on local radiative balance

Author: Alcide di Sarra, Alessia Sannino, Antonella Boselli, Bernard Legras, Francesco Monteleone, Simona Scollo, Ricardo Zanmar Sanchez, Salvatore Giammanco, Giuseppe Leto, Chiara Giorio, Giuseppe Salerno, Giandomenico Pace, Pasquale Sellitto, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, and Tommaso Caltabiano
Subjects: Earth's energy budget, Environmental science, Atmospheric sciences, Mount
Abstract: The EPL-RADIO (Etna Plume Lab - Radioactive Aerosols and other source parameters for better atmospheric Dispersion and Impact estimatiOns) and EPL-REFLECT (near-source estimations of Radiative EFfects of voLcanic aErosols for Climate and air quality sTudies) projects, funded by the EC Horizon2020 ENVRIplus and EUROVOLC Transnational Access to European Observatories programmes, aim to advance the understanding of Mount Etna as a persistent source of atmospheric aerosols and its impact on the radiative budget at proximal to regional spatial scales. Research was tackled by carrying out three campaigns in the summers of 2016, 2017 and 2019 to observe the volcanic plume produced by passive degassing, proximally and distally from the summit craters, using a wide array of remote sensing and in situ instruments. Diverse data are collected to explore the link of inner degassing mechanisms to the characterisation of near-source aerosol physicochemical properties and subsequent impacts on the atmosphere, environment and regional climate system.The results of the three campaigns have shown that the volcanic plume emitted by Mount Etna often mixes with aerosols of different origins generating a complex layered pattern. Frequent mineral dust transport events were observed by both LiDAR observations located at Serra La Nave (~7 km south-west from summit craters) and at a medium-term radiometric station, equipped with a Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), and other instruments located at Milo (~10 km eastwards from the craters). LiDAR observations also allowed to study the coexistence of volcanic aerosols and biomass burning particles from local to more distal smoke plumes transports (like for the well-documented large fires from continental southern Italy in July 2017). In situ filter and optical particles counter measurements confirmed the presence of dust at Milo. The interaction/mixing among volcanic, wildfire, and dust aerosols occurs in an overall dynamical regime which appears to be dominated by sea breeze, which is strengthened by the presence of the dark volcanic lava flanks. Photolysis process also possibly play a role in determining the daily evolution of the aerosol plume.The sources of these different aerosol types are studied in detail using Lagrangian trajectories and meteorological data. Off-line radiative transfer calculations, using EPL-RADIO/REFLECT observations as input data, are used to estimate the relative radiative impact of the different aerosol types with respect to the background passive-degassing aerosols coming from Mount Etna.
Published: 2021

15. Small-scale volcanic aerosols variability, processes and direct radiative impact at Mount Etna during the EPL-RADIO/REFLECT campaigns

Author: Alessandro La Spina, Antonella Boselli, Benjamin Hanoune, Alessia Sannino, Simona Scollo, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Pasquale Sellitto, Alcide di Sarra, Giuseppe Salerno, Salvatore Giammanco, Tommaso Caltabiano, Bernard Legras, Chiara Giorio, Giuseppe Leto, Tjarda Roberts, Ricardo Zanmar Sanchez, Pierre Briole, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (IMAA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Potenza] (CNR), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry (Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154))
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Volcano, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Radiative transfer, Environmental science, Particulates, Synergistic combination, Atmospheric sciences, Aerosol, Plume
Abstract: The aerosol properties of Mount Etna’s passive degassing plume and its short-term processes and radiative impact were studied in detail during the EPL-RADIO/REFLECT campaigns (summer 2016, 17 and 19), using a synergistic combination of remote-sensing and in situ observations, and radiative transfer modelling. Summit observations show extremely high particulate matter concentrations, with no evidence of secondary sulphate aerosols (SA) formation. Marked indications of secondary SA formation, i.e. by the conversion of volcanic SO2 emissions, are found at larger spatial scales (
Published: 2020

16. Small-scale volcanic aerosols variability, processes and direct radiative impact at Mount Etna during the EPL-RADIO campaigns

Author: Alessandro La Spina, Benjamin Hanoune, Ricardo Zanmar Sanchez, Giuseppe Salerno, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Antonella Boselli, Giuseppe Leto, Simona Scollo, Pierre Briole, Pasquale Sellitto, Tommaso Caltabiano, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (IMAA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Potenza] (CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Lille, CNRS, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques [LISA (UMR_7583)], Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania [INGV], Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale [IMAA], Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica [INAF], Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 [LOA], Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 [PC2A], Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS [LGENS], Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Volcanology, ASH, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Atmosphere, LIDAR, Environmental impact, Impact crater, Radiative transfer, Atmospheric optics, Geochemistry, EXPOSURE, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], lcsh:R, Plume, Aerosol, MODEL, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, EXTINCTION, Volcano, ERUPTIONS, 13. Climate action, SULFUR EMISSIONS, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Shortwave
Abstract: The aerosol properties of Mount Etna’s passive degassing plume and its short-term processes and radiative impact were studied in detail during the EPL-RADIO campaigns (summer 2016–2017), using a synergistic combination of observations and radiative transfer modelling. Summit observations show extremely high particulate matter concentrations. Using portable photometers, the first mapping of small-scale (within $$\sim 20\,\hbox {km}$$ ∼ 20 km from the degassing craters) spatial variability of the average size and coarse-to-fine burden proportion of volcanic aerosols is obtained. A substantial variability of the plume properties is found at these spatial scales, revealing that processes (e.g. new particle formation and/or coarse aerosols sedimentation) are at play, which are not represented with current regional scale modelling and satellite observations. Statistically significant progressively smaller particles and decreasing coarse-to-fine particles burden proportion are found along plume dispersion. Vertical structures of typical passive degassing plumes are also obtained using observations from a fixed LiDAR station constrained with quasi-simultaneous photometric observations. These observations are used as input to radiative transfer calculations, to obtain the shortwave top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative effect of the plume. For a plume with an ultraviolet aerosol optical depth of 0.12–0.14, daily average radiative forcings of $$-\;4.5$$ - 4.5 and $$-\;7.0\,\hbox {W/m}^2$$ - 7.0 W/m 2 , at TOA and surface, are found at a fixed location $$\sim 7\,\hbox {km}$$ ∼ 7 km downwind the degassing craters. This is the first available estimation in the literature of the local radiative impact of a passive degassing volcanic plume.
Published: 2019

17. Conception and deployment of the APOLLINE sensor network for IAQ monitoring

Author: Redha Kassi, Samuel Degrande, Xavier Le Pallec, Benjamin Hanoune, Romain Rouvoy, Laurent Clavier, Bernard Verbeke, Eliane Assy, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Université de Lille, CNRS, Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 [PC2A], Institut d'Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA) - UMR 8518, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille (CRIStAL) - UMR 9189, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 [LOA], Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Circuits Systèmes Applications des Micro-ondes - IEMN (CSAM - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Institut TELECOM/TELECOM Lille1, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), and Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ethernet, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Occupancy, business.industry, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Transport engineering, Indoor air quality, 13. Climate action, Software deployment, medicine, Environmental science, Wireless, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], business, Air quality index, Wireless sensor network, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The long-term study of air quality inside buildings in the presence of occupants requires the deployment of low-cost instruments capable of measuring the most concerning pollutants, without nuisance to the occupants. Several laboratories within the University of Lille, France, have united their expertises within the APOLLINE project (Air Pollution and Individual Exposure). They have designed a complete infrastructure for IAQ research and education, based on chemical (NO, NO2, O3, CO, CO2, COV, granulometry of PM 0.4-16 μm) and physical (P, T, RH, light, sound) sensor nodes. The nodes continuously send raw measurements through Ethernet or various wireless technologies to the APISENSE® cloud platform operated by Inria, for offsite realtime visualization and analysis. The network was successfully deployed since July 2018 within the buildings of University of Lille, with interesting results on the pollution levels and occupancy patterns.
Published: 2019

18. Comprehensive aerosol and gas data set from the Sydney Particle Study

Author: Paul Selleck, Jack B Simmons, Zoran Ristovski, Rosemary Fedele, Min Cheng, Ian E. Galbally, Alan D. Griffiths, Martin Cope, Jennifer Powell, David D. Cohen, Scott D. Chambers, Elise-Andree Guerette, Kathryn M. Emmerson, Suzie B. Molloy, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Sarah Lawson, James Harnwell, Robert Gillett, Ruhi S Humphries, Erin Dunne, Branka Miljevic, Fabienne Reisen, Jason Ward, Melita Keywood, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, Continuous measurement, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Airshed, Meteorology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, lcsh:Geology, Data set, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Particle, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Metadata record
Abstract: The Sydney Particle Study involved the comprehensive measurement of meteorology, particles and gases at a location in western Sydney during February/March 2011 and April/May 2012. The aim of this study was to increase scientific knowledge of the processes leading to particle formation and transformations in Sydney. In this paper we describe the methods used to collect and analyse particle and gaseous samples, as well as the methods employed for the continuous measurement of particle concentrations, particle microphysical properties and gaseous concentrations. This paper also provides a description of the data collected and is a meta data record for the data sets published in Keywood et al. (2016a) https://doi.org/10.4225/08/57903B83D6A5D and Keywood et al. (2016b) https://doi.org/10.4225/08/5791B5528BD63.
Published: 2019

19. Apolline: le réseau lillois de mini-capteurs

Author: Benjamin Hanoune, Romain Rouvoy, Redha Kassi, Cyril Delegove, Rodrigue LOISIL, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]
Abstract: National audience; La multiplication des pics de pollution à Lille inquiète fortement les citoyens. Malheureusement, les stations de mesures des ASQAA sont spatialement trop éloignées, et les observations sont trop peu fréquentes pour observer rapidement des phénomènes très localisés induisant un risque pour la santé de la population. Les prévisions sur les évolutions des concentrations en polluants se révèlent alors généralement imprécises à une échelle fine. Un consortium de laboratoires de recherche (PC2A, LOA, INRIA, IRCICA de l’ULille et le LISIC de l’ULCO) a décidé de s'attaquer à ce problème en créant le projet Apolline (Air Pollution and Individual Exposure). Apolline permet le développement de nœuds de capteurs miniatures mesurant la concentration de différents polluants dans l'atmosphère.Une des applications consiste à équiper des volontaires de capteurs portables mesurant la concentration de particules dans l’air. Ces données sont envoyées par les smartphones des volontaires vers un serveur ou elles sont anonymisées (Apisense®). L’analyse des données permet de construire des cartes où l'on peut repérer les concentrations anormales de polluants et de suivre l’évolution de ces panaches. Cette approche ouvre de nombreuses perspectives en matière de suivi des flux de polluants et de prévision des risques sanitaires et environnementaux.
Published: 2019

20. FILTER-FREE LIGHT ABSORPTION MEASUREMENT OF VOLCANIC ASHES AND AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER USING MULTI-WAVELENGTH PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY

Author: Alexandre Deguine, Pierre Kulinski, Pascal Flament, Karine Deboudt, Denis Petitprez, Weidong Chen, Markus W. Sigrist, Gaoxuan Wang, Patrice Hubert, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Hongming Yi, Eric Fertein, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE04-0009,MABCaM,Albédomètre multi-longueur d'onde pour la mesure des suies(2016)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Radiation, geography.geographical_feature_category, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Multi wavelength, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Optics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Filter (video), [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Accurate measurement of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) absorption coefficient is highly required for study of earth climate change and for monitoring of air quality. In addition, multi-wavelength measurements of PM absorption can provide information on the PM chemical composition (black carbon or brown carbon). A multi-wavelengths photoacoustic (MW-PA) spectrophone operating at 444, 532 and 660 nm was developed and deployed for filter-free characterization of wavelength-dependent optical properties of PM mass absorption coefficient (MAC) and absorption Ångström coefficient (AAC). It is worth noting that to date no any AAC of volcanic ashes determined by filter-free measurement have been reported. The developed MW-PA spectrophone was deployed to an intensive field campaign measurement of environmental PM in Grenoble (France). Side-by-side inter-comparison measurements of ambient PM showed a good correlation between the developed MW-PA spectrophone and a reference instrument aethalometer (Magee scientific, AE33).
Published: 2019

21. Real-time retrieval of aerosol chemical composition using effective density and the imaginary part of complex refractive index

Author: Weijun Zhang, Yingxiang Tong, Xuezhe Xu, Bo Fang, Cheng Chen, Weidong Chen, Shuo Wang, Yong Huang, Yevgeny Derimian, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Weixiong Zhao, Xueliang Deng, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Anhui Institute of Meteorological Science, Hefei, Shouxian National Climatology Observatory, Shouxian, Anhui Shouxian Meteorological Bureau, Shouxian, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), and ANR-16-CE04-0009,MABCaM,Albédomètre multi-longueur d'onde pour la mesure des suies(2016)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, Air mass (solar energy), 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Environmental science, Air quality index, Chemical composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; Knowledge of aerosol chemical composition is essential for the research on aerosol climate effect, air quality and health issues. With the development of optical remote-sensing technology, numerous aerosol chemical composition retrieval methods based on optical properties were developed. However, the existing algorithms lack the verification with similar measurements of aerosol chemical composition. In this work, a novel algorithm based on effective density (ρe) and imaginary part (k) of the complex refractive index (CRI) at λ = 365 and 532 nm was developed to retrieve four main aerosol components, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), mineral dust (MD), and sum of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium (SNA). ρe was derived by converting aerodynamic to electrical mobility diameter. CRI was retrieved from Mie code and simultaneous measurement of particle number size distribution (PNSD) and the extinction and scattering coefficients (bext and bscat). Comprehensive sensitivity tests were performed to estimate the retrieval uncertainties from the measurements and a priori inputs. Validation of the algorithm was demonstrated using a series of observations at Shouxian (China) from November 30 to December 12, 2016. The measured and retrieved aerosol chemical compositions were compared and the two results showed good agreements, proving the reliability of the method. During one clean and two pollution periods, the variation of measured aerosol physical and optical properties and retrieved chemical composition were analyzed. The aerosol chemical composition changes can be well described by the transition of air mass sources for different pollution levels. This study provides a reliable, in-situ method for better constraining the relationship between aerosol chemical compositions and optical properties. This method will help monitor the pollution event, identify aerosol sources and verify the retrievals from remote sensing data.
Published: 2021

22. Airborne observations of bioaerosol over the Southeast United States using a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor

Author: Chelsea A. Corr, Bruce E. Anderson, Luke D. Ziemba, Edward L. Winstead, Gao Chen, Glenn S. Diskin, Armin Wisthaler, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, K. Lee Thornhill, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, R. Martin, Michael Shook, Tomas Mikoviny, Richard H. Moore, and C. H. Hudgins
Subjects: Saharan Air Layer, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Indoor bioaerosol, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, Troposphere, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Ice nucleus, Cloud condensation nuclei, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bioaerosol
Abstract: Biological aerosols represent a diverse subset of particulate matter that is emitted directly to the atmosphere in the form of (but not limited to) bacteria, fungal spores, pollens, viruses, and plant debris. These particles can have local air quality implications, but potentially play a larger climate role by acting as efficient ice nucleating particles (INPs) and cloud condensation nuclei. We have deployed a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor on the NASA DC-8 aircraft to (1) quantify boundary layer (BL) variability of fluorescent biological aerosol particle (FBAP) concentrations in the Southeast United States (SEUS), (2) link this variability explicitly to land cover heterogeneity in the region, and (3) examine the vertical profile of bioaerosols in the context of convective vertical redistribution. Flight-averaged FBAP concentrations ranged between 0.1 and 0.43 scm−3 (cm−3 at standard temperature and pressure) with relatively homogeneous concentrations throughout the region; croplands showed the highest concentrations in the BL (0.37 scm−3), and lowest concentrations were associated with evergreen forests (0.24 scm−3). Observed FBAP concentrations are in generally good agreement with model parameterized emission rates for bacteria, and discrepancies are likely the result of fungal spore contributions. Shallow convection in the region is shown to be a relatively efficient lofting mechanism as the vertical transport efficiency of FBAP is at least equal to black carbon aerosol, suggesting that ground-level FBAP survives transport into the free troposphere to be available for INP activation. Comparison of the fraction of coarse-mode particles that were biological (fFBAP) suggested that the SEUS (fFBAP = 8.5%) was a much stronger source of bioaerosols than long-range transport during a Saharan Air Layer (SAL) dust event (fFBAP = 0.17%) or summertime marine emissions in the Gulf of Mexico (fFBAP = 0.73%).
Published: 2016

23. Monitoring of climate-change related aerosol by laser absorption spectroscopy

Author: Benjamin Hanoune, Cécile Coeur, Gaoxuan Wang, Markus W. Sigrist, Eric Fertein, Hongming Yi, Weidong Chen, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE04-0009,MABCaM,Albédomètre multi-longueur d'onde pour la mesure des suies(2016), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Aerosol, 010309 optics, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, 13. Climate action, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], business, Spectroscopy, Photoacoustic spectroscopy, Enhanced absorption, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We will present our recent developments and applications of laser-based spectroscopic instruments to monitoring of climate-change related aerosols, which involve photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS).
Published: 2018

24. BATAL: The Balloon Measurement Campaigns of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer

Author: M. Durga Rao, Jean-Baptiste Renard, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Neeraj Rastogi, T. D. Fairlie, Gwenaël Berthet, Illia Shevchenko, A. K. Singh, Achuthan Jayaraman, P. R. Sinha, Fabrice Jégou, Hongyu Liu, Luke D. Ziemba, Frank G. Wienhold, Amit P. Kesarkar, M. Venkat Ratnam, Terry Deshler, Jessica K. Smith, Kristopher M. Bedka, S.T. Akhil Raj, Shani Tiwari, B. Kumar, A. Hemanth Kumar, Larry W. Thomason, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Murali Natarajan, Martin S. Williamson, Sarvan Kumar, James H. Crawford, Damien Vignelles, A. K. Pandit, Jyoti Bhate, Jean-Paul Vernier, Tobias Wegner, J. Moore, Hazel Vernier, V. Ravikiran, Anil Patel, S. RavindraBabu, Harish Gadhavi, Noel C. Baker, Vikas Singh, T. N. Knepp, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI), Department of Atmospheric Science [Laramie], University of Wyoming (UW), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupathi] (NARL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Physical Research Laboratory [Ahmedabad] (PRL), Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), National Institute of Aerospace [Hampton] (NIA), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smith and Williamson Inc, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati] (NARL)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 010501 environmental sciences, Effects of high altitude on humans, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lidar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Tropopause, Stratosphere, Water vapor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We describe and show results from a series of field campaigns that used balloonborne instruments launched from India and Saudi Arabia during the summers 2014–17 to study the nature, formation, and impacts of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The campaign goals were to i) characterize the optical, physical, and chemical properties of the ATAL; ii) assess its impacts on water vapor and ozone; and iii) understand the role of convection in its formation. To address these objectives, we launched 68 balloons from four locations, one in Saudi Arabia and three in India, with payload weights ranging from 1.5 to 50 kg. We measured meteorological parameters; ozone; water vapor; and aerosol backscatter, concentration, volatility, and composition in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. We found peaks in aerosol concentrations of up to 25 cm–3 for radii > 94 nm, associated with a scattering ratio at 940 nm of ∼1.9 near the cold-point tropopause. During medium-duration balloon flights near the tropopause, we collected aerosols and found, after offline ion chromatography analysis, the dominant presence of nitrate ions with a concentration of about 100 ng m–3. Deep convection was found to influence aerosol loadings 1 km above the cold-point tropopause. The Balloon Measurements of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (BATAL) project will continue for the next 3–4 years, and the results gathered will be used to formulate a future National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Indian Space Research Organisation (NASA–ISRO) airborne campaign with NASA high-altitude aircraft.
Published: 2018

25. Simulation of African dust properties and radiative effects during the 2015 SHADOW campaign in Senegal

Author: Fanny Minvielle, Jean-Christophe Pere, Ioana Elisabeta Popovici, L. Rivellini, F. Thieuleux, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Isabelle Chiapello, Marie Choël, Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman - UMR 8516 (LASIR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Météo-France, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Longwave, 010501 environmental sciences, Radiative forcing, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, AERONET, Atmosphere, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, 13. Climate action, Shadow, Radiative transfer, Environmental science, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Shortwave, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The aim of this work is to estimate optical and radiative properties of dust aerosols and their potential feedbacks on atmospheric properties over Western Africa for the period 20 March–28 April 2015, by using numerical simulations and different sets of remote-sensing and in-situ measurements. Comparisons of simulations made by the on-line coupled meteorological-chemistry model WRF-CHEM with MODIS, AERONET and in-situ observations result in a general agreement for the spatio-temporal variations of aerosol extinction at both local and regional scales. Simulated SSA reached elevated values between 0.88 and 0.96 along the visible/near-infrared in close agreement with AERONET inversions, suggesting the predominance of dust over Western Africa during this specific period. This predominance of dust is confirmed by in-situ measurements of the aerosol size distribution, fitting well with the aerosols size distribution simulated by WRF-CHEM. The impact of this large dust load on the radiative fluxes leads to large modifications of the shortwave and longwave radiative budget both at the ground and at the top of the atmosphere. In return, the response of the atmosphere to these dust-induced radiative changes is the alteration of the surface air temperature and wind fields, with non-negligible impact on the dust emission and transport.
Published: 2018

26. Interactions of atmospheric gases and aerosols with the monsoon dynamics over the Sudano-Guinean region during AMMA

Author: Adrien Deroubaix, Cyrille Flamant, Laurent Menut, Guillaume Siour, Sylvain Mailler, Solène Turquety, Régis Briant, Dmitry Khvorostyanov, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Union, European Project: 603502,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,DACCIWA(2013), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract: Carbon monoxide, CO, and fine atmospheric particulate matter, PM2.5, are analyzed over the Guinean gulf coastal region using the WRF-CHIMERE modeling system and observations during the beginning of the monsoon 2006 (from May to July), corresponding to the Africa Multidisciplinary Monsoon Analysis (AMMA) campaign period. Along the Guinean gulf coast, the contribution of long-range pollution transport to CO or PM2.5 concentrations is important. For PM2.5, desert dust decreases from ≈38 % in May to ≈5 % in July; biomass burning aerosol from Central Africa increases from ≈10 % in May to ≈52 % in July. The anthropogenic contribution is ≈30 % for CO and ≈10 % for PM2.5. When focusing only on anthropogenic pollution, frequent northward transport events from the coast to the Sahel are associated with periods of low wind and no precipitation. In June, anthropogenic PM2.5 and CO concentrations are higher than in May or July over the Guinean coastal region. Over the Sahel, air masses dynamics concentrate pollutants emitted locally and remotely at the coast due to a meridional atmospheric cell. Refining the analysis on the period 8–15 June, anthropogenic pollutants emitted along the coastline are exported toward the North especially at the beginning of the night (18 UTC to 00 UTC) with the establishment of the nocturnal low level jet. Plumes originating from different cities overlay for some hours at the coast, leading to high pollution level, because of specific disturbed meteorological conditions.
Published: 2018

27. In situ formation and spatial variability of particle number concentration in a European megacity

Author: G. J. Engelhart, S.-L. von der Weiden-Reinmüller, Tuukka Petäjä, Agnès Borbon, Evangelia Kostenidou, André S. H. Prévôt, A. Wiedensohler, Matthias Beekmann, Monica Crippa, Lea Hildebrandt, Maik Merkel, Spyros N. Pandis, Markku Kulmala, Magda Psichoudaki, Frank Drewnick, Michael Pikridas, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, F. Freutel, Jean Sciare, Urs Baltensperger, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FOCUS GmbH, D-65510 Hunstetten, Germany, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Département d'Anatomo-pathologie, AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Hôpital Antoine Béclère
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Particle number, FORMATION EVENTS, LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS, Atmospheric pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Climate effects, Sink (geography), TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS, lcsh:Chemistry, SIZE-DISTRIBUTION DATA, LUNG-CANCER, ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES, SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL, 11. Sustainability, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, NUCLEATION MODE PARTICLES, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION, Particulate air pollution, lcsh:QC1-999, Plume, Megacity, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Spatial variability, PARIS METROPOLITAN-AREA, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Ambient particle number size distributions were measured in Paris, France, during summer (1–31 July 2009) and winter (15 January to 15 February 2010) at three fixed ground sites and using two mobile laboratories and one airplane. The campaigns were part of the Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation (MEGAPOLI) project. New particle formation (NPF) was observed only during summer on approximately 50 % of the campaign days, assisted by the low condensation sink (about 10.7 ± 5.9 × 10−3 s−1). NPF events inside the Paris plume were also observed at 600 m altitude onboard an aircraft simultaneously with regional events identified on the ground. Increased particle number concentrations were measured aloft also outside of the Paris plume at the same altitude, and were attributed to NPF. The Paris plume was identified, based on increased particle number and black carbon concentration, up to 200 km away from the Paris center during summer. The number concentration of particles with diameters exceeding 2.5 nm measured on the surface at the Paris center was on average 6.9 ± 8.7 × 104 and 12.1 ± 8.6 × 104 cm−3 during summer and winter, respectively, and was found to decrease exponentially with distance from Paris. However, further than 30 km from the city center, the particle number concentration at the surface was similar during both campaigns. During summer, one suburban site in the NE was not significantly affected by Paris emissions due to higher background number concentrations, while the particle number concentration at the second suburban site in the SW increased by a factor of 3 when it was downwind of Paris.
Published: 2015

28. A new chemistry option in WRF-Chem v. 3.4 for the simulation of direct and indirect aerosol effects using VBS: evaluation against IMPACT-EUCAARI data

Author: Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Paolo Tuccella, Guido Visconti, Amewu A. Mensah, Gabriele Curci, Georg Grell, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences [L'Aquila] (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, Microphysics, Meteorology, Chemistry, Planetary boundary layer, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, lcsh:Geology, Troposphere, Earth and Planetary Sciences (all), Modeling and Simulation, 13. Climate action, Diurnal cycle, Cloud condensation nuclei, Liquid water path, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A parameterization for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production based on the volatility basis set (VBS) approach has been coupled with microphysics and radiative schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The new chemistry option called "RACM-MADE-VBS-AQCHEM" was evaluated on a cloud resolving scale against ground-based and aircraft measurements collected during the IMPACT-EUCAARI (Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign – European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality interaction) campaign, and complemented with satellite data from MODIS. The day-to-day variability and the diurnal cycle of ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the surface are captured by the model. Surface aerosol mass concentrations of sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and organic matter (OM) are simulated with correlations larger than 0.55. WRF-Chem captures the vertical profile of the aerosol mass concentration in both the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and free troposphere (FT) as a function of the synoptic condition, but the model does not capture the full range of the measured concentrations. Predicted OM concentration is at the lower end of the observed mass concentrations. The bias may be attributable to the missing aqueous chemistry processes of organic compounds and to uncertainties in meteorological fields. A key role could be played by assumptions on the VBS approach such as the SOA formation pathways, oxidation rate, and dry deposition velocity of organic condensable vapours. Another source of error in simulating SOA is the uncertainties in the anthropogenic emissions of primary organic carbon. Aerosol particle number concentration (condensation nuclei, CN) is overestimated by a factor of 1.4 and 1.7 within the PBL and FT, respectively. Model bias is most likely attributable to the uncertainties of primary particle emissions (mostly in the PBL) and to the nucleation rate. Simulated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are also overestimated, but the bias is more contained with respect to that of CN. The CCN efficiency, which is a characterization of the ability of aerosol particles to nucleate cloud droplets, is underestimated by a factor of 1.5 and 3.8 in the PBL and FT, respectively. The comparison with MODIS data shows that the model overestimates the aerosol optical thickness (AOT). The domain averages (for 1 day) are 0.38 ± 0.12 and 0.42 ± 0.10 for MODIS and WRF-Chem data, respectively. The droplet effective radius (Re) in liquid-phase clouds is underestimated by a factor of 1.5; the cloud liquid water path (LWP) is overestimated by a factor of 1.1–1.6. The consequence is the overestimation of average liquid cloud optical thickness (COT) from a few percent up to 42 %. The predicted cloud water path (CWP) in all phases displays a bias in the range +41–80 %, whereas the bias of COT is about 15 %. In sensitivity tests where we excluded SOA, the skills of the model in reproducing the observed patterns and average values of the microphysical and optical properties of liquid and all phase clouds decreases. Moreover, the run without SOA (NOSOA) shows convective clouds with an enhanced content of liquid and frozen hydrometers, and stronger updrafts and downdrafts. Considering that the previous version of WRF-Chem coupled with a modal aerosol module predicted very low SOA content (secondary organic aerosol model (SORGAM) mechanism) the new proposed option may lead to a better characterization of aerosol–cloud feedbacks.
Published: 2015

29. Increase in upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosol levels and its potential connection with Asian pollution

Author: Kristopher M. Bedka, Bengt G. Martinsson, T. D. Fairlie, Jean-Paul Vernier, Murali Natarajan, Jianchun Bian, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Frank G. Wienhold, and Larry W. Thomason
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment, aerosol, Forcing (mathematics), respiratory system, Atmospheric sciences, complex mixtures, Aerosol, Atmosphere, Troposphere, trend, Geophysics, Lidar, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), pollution, Environmental science, Tropopause, Stratosphere, Research Articles
Abstract: Satellite observations have shown that the Asian Summer Monsoon strongly influences the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) aerosol morphology through its role in the formation of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II solar occultation and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) lidar observations show that summertime UTLS Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) between 13 and 18 km over Asia has increased by three times since the late 1990s. Here we present the first in situ balloon measurements of aerosol backscatter in the UTLS from Western China, which confirm high aerosol levels observed by CALIPSO since 2006. Aircraft in situ measurements suggest that aerosols at lower altitudes of the ATAL are largely composed of carbonaceous and sulfate materials (carbon/sulfur elemental ratio ranging from 2 to 10). Back trajectory analysis from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization observations indicates that deep convection over the Indian subcontinent supplies the ATAL through the transport of pollution into the UTLS. Time series of deep convection occurrence, carbon monoxide, aerosol, temperature, and relative humidity suggest that secondary aerosol formation and growth in a cold, moist convective environment could play an important role in the formation of ATAL. Finally, radiative calculations show that the ATAL layer has exerted a short-term regional forcing at the top of the atmosphere of −0.1 W/m2 in the past 18 years. Key Points Increase of summertime upper tropospheric aerosol levels over Asia since the 1990s Upper tropospheric enhancement also observed by in situ backscatter measurements Significant regional radiative forcing of −0.1 W/m2
Published: 2015

30. Factors that influence surface PM2.5 values inferred from satellite observations: perspective gained for the US Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area during DISCOVER-AQ

Author: Richard H. Moore, Bruce E. Anderson, G. Chen, Michael Shook, C. H. Hudgins, Lee Thornhill, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Luke D. Ziemba, and Edward L. Winstead
Subjects: In situ, Atmospheric Science, Boundary layer, Scattering coefficient, Meteorology, Water uptake, Environmental science, Relative humidity, Atmospheric sciences, Air quality index, AERONET, Aerosol
Abstract: During the NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign over the US Baltimore, MD–Washington, D.C., metropolitan area in July 2011, the NASA P-3B aircraft performed extensive profiling of aerosol optical, chemical, and microphysical properties. These in situ profiles were coincident with ground-based remote sensing (AERONET) and in situ (PM2.5) measurements. Here, we use this data set to study the correlation between the PM2.5 observations at the surface and the column integrated measurements. Aerosol optical depth (AOD550 nm) calculated with the extinction (550 nm) measured during the in situ profiles was found to be strongly correlated with the volume of aerosols present in the boundary layer (BL). Despite the strong correlation, some variability remains, and we find that the presence of aerosol layers above the BL (in the buffer layer – BuL) introduces significant uncertainties in PM2.5 estimates based on column-integrated measurements (overestimation of PM2.5 by a factor of 5). This suggests that the use of active remote sensing techniques would dramatically improve air quality retrievals. Indeed, the relationship between the AOD550 nm and the PM2.5 is strongly improved by accounting for the aerosol present in and above the BL (i.e., integrating the aerosol loading from the surface to the top of the BuL). Since more than 15% of the AOD values observed during DISCOVER-AQ are dominated by aerosol water uptake, the f(RH)amb (ratio of scattering coefficient at ambient relative humidity (RH) to scattering coefficient at low RH; see Sect. 3.2) is used to study the impact of the aerosol hygroscopicity on the PM2.5 retrievals. The results indicate that PM2.5 can be predicted within a factor up to 2 even when the vertical variability of the f(RH)amb is assumed to be negligible. Moreover, f(RH = 80%) and RH measurements performed at the ground may be used to estimate the f(RH)amb during dry conditions (RHBL < 55%).
Published: 2014

31. Erratum to 'Airborne investigation of the aerosols-cloud interactions in the vicinity and within a marine stratocumulus over the North Sea during EUCAARI (2008)' [Atmos. Environ. 81C (2013) 288–303]

Author: J. M. Etcheberry, Frédéric Burnet, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, L. Gomes, G. Momboisse, P. Villani, J. L. Brenguier, Ralf Weigel, V. Puygrenier, Gregory Roberts, F. Chosson, P. Laj, T. Bourianne, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Andreas Stohl, J. M. Pichon, and Karine Sellegri
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, business.industry, Environmental science, Cloud computing, business, Atmospheric sciences, North sea, Marine stratocumulus, General Environmental Science
Published: 2018

32. Airborne investigation of the aerosols–cloud interactions in the vicinity and within a marine stratocumulus over the North Sea during EUCAARI (2008)

Author: Ralf Weigel, G. Momboisse, T. Bourianne, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, V. Puygrenier, P. Villani, Jean-Marc Pichon, P. Laj, Gregory Roberts, F. Chosson, J. M. Etcheberry, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andreas Stohl, Frédéric Burnet, J. L. Brenguier, Karine Sellegri, and L. Gomes
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Meteorology, business.industry, Cloud computing, Atmospheric sciences, Inlet, Marine stratocumulus, Aerosol, Liquid water content, Scanning mobility particle sizer, Environmental science, Particle, business, Sea salt aerosol, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Within the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project, the Meteo France research aircraft ATR-42 was operated from Rotterdam (Netherlands) airport during May 2008, to perform scientific flights dedicated to the investigation of aerosol–cloud interactions. The objective of this study is to illustrate the impact of cloud processing on the aerosol particle physical and chemical properties. The presented results are retrieved from measurements during flight operation with two consecutive flights, first from Rotterdam to Newcastle (United Kingdom) and subsequently reverse along the same waypoints back to Rotterdam using data measured with compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Cloud-related measurements during these flights were performed over the North Sea within as well as in close vicinity of a marine stratocumulus cloud layer. Particle physical and chemical properties observed in the close vicinity, below and above the stratocumulus cloud, show strong differences: (1) the averaged aerosol size distributions, observed above and below the cloud layer, are of bimodal character with pronounced minima between Aitken and accumulation mode, very likely due to cloud processing. (2) the chemical composition of aerosol particles is strongly dependent on the position relative to the cloud layer (vicinity or below/above cloud). In general, the nitrate and organic relative mass fractions decrease with decreasing distance to the cloud, in the transit from cloud–free conditions towards the cloud boundaries. This relative mass fraction decrease ranges from a factor of three to ten, thus leading to an increase of the sulfate and ammonium relative mass concentrations while approaching the cloud layer. (3), the chemical composition of cloud droplet residuals, analyzed downstream of a Counterflow virtual Impactor (CVI) inlet indicates increased fractions of mainly soluble chemical compounds such as nitrate and organics, compared to non cloud processed particles. Finally, a net overbalance of nitrate aerosol has been revealed by comparing cloud droplet residual and non cloud processed aerosol chemical compositions. Conclusively, this study highlights gaps concerning the sampling strategy that need to be addressed for the future missions.
Published: 2013

33. Airborne observations of aerosol extinction by in situ and remote‐sensing techniques: Evaluation of particle hygroscopicity

Author: Chris A. Hostetler, Luke D. Ziemba, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Amy Jo Scarino, Bruce E. Anderson, Edward L. Winstead, Gao Chen, Raymond R. Rogers, R. A. Ferrare, C. H. Hudgins, K. Lee Thornhill, John D. W. Barrick, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Michael D. Obland, and John Hair
Subjects: In situ, Urban region, Geophysics, Lidar, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Aerosol extinction, Relative humidity, Molar absorptivity, Atmospheric sciences, Remote sensing, Aerosol
Abstract: [1] Extensive profiling of aerosol optical, chemical, and microphysical properties was performed in the Washington DC/Baltimore MD region in July 2011 during NASA DISCOVER-AQ. In situ extinction coefficient (σext,in-situ) measurements were made aboard the NASA P3-B aircraft coincident with remote-sensing observations by the High-Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL; σext,HSRL) aboard the NASA UC-12 aircraft. A statistical comparison revealed good agreement within instrumental uncertainty (σext,in-situ = 1.1 σext,HSRL − 3.2 Mm−1, r2 = 0.88) and demonstrated the robust nature of hygroscopicity measurements (f(RH)) necessary to correct observations at dry relative humidity (RH) to ambient conditions. The average liquid-water contribution to ambient visible-light extinction was as much as 43% in this urban region. f(RH) values were observed to vary significantly from 1.1 to 2.1 on a day-to-day basis suggesting influence from both local and transported sources. Results emphasize the importance of accounting for the RH dependence of optical- and mass-based aerosol air-quality measurements (e.g., of PM2.5), especially in relation to satellite and remote-sensing retrievals.
Published: 2013

34. Transport of dust particles from the Bodélé region to the monsoon layer – AMMA case study of the 9–14 June 2006 period

Author: Luis Garcia-Carreras, Paola Formenti, Cyrille Flamant, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Atsushi Matsuki, Pierre Tulet, Douglas J. Parker, L. Gomes, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organization of Frontier Science and Innovation [Kanazawa] (O-FSI), Kanazawa University (KU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Saharan Air Layer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mesoscale meteorology, Atmospheric model, 15. Life on land, Sedimentation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:Chemistry, Boundary layer, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Dropsonde, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 金沢大学フロンティアサイエンス機構, Aerosol properties were measured during an airborne campaign experiment that took place in June 2006 in West Africa within the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA). The goal of the present study was to investigate a dynamical mechanism able to facilitate the sedimentation of dust particles from the Saharan Air Layer (SAL) into the boundary layer. A significant change in the dust particle concentration measured along the meridian between Niamey (Niger) and Cotonou (Benin) was found in the boundary layer (∼700 m), where the dust particle concentration increased in a zone where local emission is not possible. Moreover, the boundary layer top observed with the dropsondes launched with the F-F20 shows a strong relationship with the surface cover anomalies, with higher Boundary Layer (BL) tops over the warmer surfaces, such as croplands, as opposed to adjacent forest. A mesoscale atmospheric model with a new on-line dust parameterization, resulting from the Alfaro and Gomes (2001) parametrisation and AMMA observations, was used to interpret the impact of vegetation anomalies on dust particle sedimentation. The results of the simulation are consistent with the observations, with higher dust concentration over the warm surface cover anomalies. © 2011 Author(s).
Published: 2011

35. Chemical and aerosol characterisation of the troposphere over West Africa during the monsoon period as part of AMMA

Author: Joelle Bechara, Roderic L. Jones, Gérard Ancellet, Charbel Afif, Hugh Coe, Graham P. Mills, Agnès Borbon, Douglas J. Parker, Andreas Minikin, Jennifer G. Murphy, Valérie Thouret, Hans Schlager, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, John Methven, Cyrille Flamant, Claire E. Reeves, Corinne Jambert, Johannes K. Nielsen, Jean-Luc Attié, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Thomas Hamburger, Andreas Richter, Kathy S. Law, L. Gomes, David E. Oram, M. I. Mead, Atsushi Matsuki, Paola Formenti, Francesco Cairo, Federico Fierli, Céline Mari, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [Beyrouth], Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEAES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), SPACE - LATMOS, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Organization of Frontier Science and Innovation [Kanazawa] (O-FSI), Kanazawa University (KU), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, west Africa, 010501 environmental sciences, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, West africa, Monsoon period, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, monsoon, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Multidisciplinary analysis, Atmosphärische Spurenstoffe, 15. Life on land, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, ozone, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Environmental science, AMMA, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: During June, July and August 2006 five aircraft took part in a campaign over West Africa to observe the aerosol content and chemical composition of the troposphere and lower stratosphere as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project. These are the first such measurements in this region during the monsoon period. In addition to providing an overview of the tropospheric composition, this paper provides a description of the measurement strategy (flights performed, instrumental payloads, wing-tip to wing-tip comparisons) and points to some of the important findings discussed in more detail in other papers in this special issue. The ozone data exhibits an "S" shaped vertical profile which appears to result from significant losses in the lower troposphere due to rapid deposition to forested areas and photochemical destruction in the moist monsoon air, and convective uplift of ozone-poor air to the upper troposphere. This profile is disturbed, particularly in the south of the region, by the intrusions in the lower and middle troposphere of air from the southern hemisphere impacted by biomass burning. Comparisons with longer term data sets suggest the impact of these intrusions on West Africa in 2006 was greater than in other recent wet seasons. There is evidence for net photochemical production of ozone in these biomass burning plumes as well as in urban plumes, in particular that from Lagos, convective outflow in the upper troposphere and in boundary layer air affected by nitrogen oxide emissions from recently wetted soils. This latter effect, along with enhanced deposition to the forested areas, contributes to a latitudinal gradient of ozone in the lower troposphere. Biogenic volatile organic compounds are also important in defining the composition both for the boundary layer and upper tropospheric convective outflow. Mineral dust was found to be the most abundant and ubiquitous aerosol type in the atmosphere over Western Africa. Data collected within AMMA indicate that injection of dust to altitudes favourable for long-range transport (i.e. in the upper Sahelian planetary boundary layer) can occur behind the leading edge of mesoscale convective system (MCS) cold-pools. Research within AMMA also provides the first estimates of secondary organic aerosols across the West African Sahel and have shown that organic mass loadings vary between 0 and 2 μg m−3 with a median concentration of 1.07 μg m−3. The vertical distribution of nucleation mode particle concentrations reveals that significant and fairly strong particle formation events did occur for a considerable fraction of measurement time above 8 km (and only there). Very low concentrations were observed in general in the fresh outflow of active MCSs, likely as the result of efficient wet removal of aerosol particles due to heavy precipitation inside the convective cells of the MCSs. This wet removal initially affects all particle size ranges as clearly shown by all measurements in the vicinity of MCSs.
Published: 2010

36. Mixing of dust aerosols into a mesoscale convective system

Author: Maud Leriche, K. Crahan-Kaku, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, B. Aouizerats, and Pierre Tulet
Subjects: Convection, Atmospheric Science, Mesoscale convective system, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mesoscale meteorology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Free convective layer, Troposphere, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Convective storm detection, Ice nucleus, Environmental science, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: During the second Specific Observing Period (SOP) of the African Monsoon Multidisplinary Analyses (AMMA) campaign, several intense mesoscale convective systems (MCS) developed over Niger. An examination of a particular convective storm simulated with a mesoscale model near Banizoumbou, Niger, on 1 July, 2006, shows that this MCS generates a strong emission of dust particles at the leading edge of its density current. A fraction of these dust aerosols are uplifted by the convective core of the system and redistributed by aqueous processes. Aerosol impaction scavenging is the main process by which particles are deposited within the mesoscale convective system. However, small particles (smaller than 1 μm) that are not efficiently scavenged, are able to reach the upper troposphere at a concentration of 6 particles per cm3. This suggests that deep convection over semi-arid regions is able to create its own ice nuclei in high concentrations. This leads to the question: can deep convection over semi-arid regions affect particular ice properties such as ice anvil extension or induce possible feedbacks of dust on precipitation through ice sedimentation?
Published: 2010

37. Cloud processing of mineral dust: direct comparison of cloud residual and clear sky particles during AMMA aircraft campaign in summer 2006

Author: Paolo Laj, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Atsushi Matsuki, H. Venzac, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, L. Gomes, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique - Clermont Auvergne (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU., Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Gypsum, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Mineral dust, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sulfate, Quartz, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Calcite, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Silicate, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, engineering, Environmental science, Mica, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: 金沢大学フロンティアサイエンス機構, In order to gain insights into the characteristics of the mineral dust particles incorporated in the actual cloud droplets and the related cloud processing, the French ATR-42 research aircraft equipped both with a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) and community aerosol inlet was deployed in Niamey, Niger (13°30' N, 02°05' E) in August 2006 within the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project. Cloud residual and clear-sky particles were collected separately and analyzed individually using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The analysis revealed interesting characteristics on the coarse dust particles (Dp>1μm), particularly those which likely had acted as CCN. Traces of heterogeneously formed secondary sulfate, chloride and nitrate were found on many dust particles (though fraction of sulfate may be present in the form of gypsum as primary dust component). These secondary species were particularly enhanced in clouds (i.e. cloud processing). The study illustrates that calcium-rich particles assumed to be carbonates (Calcite, Dolomite) contained the secondary species in significantly larger frequency and amount than the silicates (Quartz, Feldspar, Mica, Clay), suggesting that they represent the most reactive fraction of the mineral dust. A surprisingly large fraction of the Ca-rich particles were already found in deliquesced form even in clear-sky conditions, most probably reflecting their extreme hygroscopicity, resulting from their reaction with HNO3 gas. Both silicate and Ca-rich particles were found dominant among the supermicron cloud residues, and they were supposed to be those previously activated as CCN. It is highly probable that the observed formation of soluble materials enhanced their cloud nucleating abilities.
Published: 2010

38. Aerosol absorption measurements and retrievals in shadow2 campaign

Author: Oleg Dubovik, Igor Veselovskiy, Thierry Podvin, Tatsiana Lapionak, Philippe Goloub, Benjamin Torres, Anton Lopatin, Laura Revilini, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Christine Deroo, and Qiaoyun Hu
Subjects: Ground level, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics, QC1-999, Aerosol absorption, Atmospheric sciences, Aethalometer, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 01 natural sciences, Field campaign, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, West africa, Aerosol
Abstract: Dust, maritime and dust-smoke mixture events observed during SHADOW2 (SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) field campaign are selected and analyzed by using Raman and GARRLiC retrievals. The derived aerosol optical and microphysical properties will be shown. Dust absorption profile and on ground level are derived from GARRLiC retrievals and Aethalometer measurements, respectively. Our results provide a closer insight about dust absorbing properties.
Published: 2018

39. Temporal and vertical variations of aerosol physical and chemical properties over West Africa: AMMA aircraft campaign in summer 2006

Author: H. Venzac, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Paolo Laj, L. Gomes, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Atsushi Matsuki, Boris Quennehen, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organization of Frontier Science and Innovation [Kanazawa] (O-FSI), Kanazawa University (KU), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), API-AMMA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sea salt, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, Monsoon, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, food, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Dry season, Dominance (ecology), Environmental science, Particle, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 金沢大学フロンティアサイエンス機構, While the Sahelian belt in West Africa stretches in the border between the global hot-spots of mineral dust and biomass burning aerosols, the presence of West African Monsoon is expected to create significant vertical and temporal variations in the regional aerosol properties through transport and mixing of particles from various sources (mineral dust, biomass burning, sulfates, sea salt). In order to improve our understanding of the evolution of the aerosol-cloud system over such region across the onset of the summer monsoon, the French ATR-42 research aircraft was deployed in Niamey, Niger (13°30' N, 02°05' E) in summer 2006, during the three special observation periods (SOPs) of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project. These three SOPs covered both dry and wet periods before and after the onset of the Western African Monsoon. State of the art physico-chemical aerosol measurements on the ATR-42 showed a notable seasonal transition in averaged number size distributions where (i) the Aitken mode is dominating over the accumulation mode during the dry season preceding the monsoon arrival and (ii) the accumulation mode increasingly gained importance after the onset of the West African monsoon and even dominated the Aitken mode after the monsoon had fully developed. The parameters for the mean log-normal distributions observed in respective layers characterized by the different wind regimes (monsoon layer, SAL, free troposphere) are presented, together with the major particle compositions found in the accumulation mode particles. Thereby, results of this study should facilitate radiative transfer calculations, validation of satellite remote sensors, and detailed transport modeling by partners within and outside the AMMA community. Extended analysis of the chemical composition of single aerosol particles by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) coupled to an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) revealed dominance of mineral dust (aluminosilicate) even in the submicron particle size range during the dry period, gradually replaced by prevailing biomass burning and sulfate particles, after the onset of the monsoon period. The spatial and temporal evolution from SOP1 to SOP2a1 and SOP2a2 of the particle physical and chemical properties and associated aerosol hygroscopic properties are remarkably consistent. © 2010 Author(s).
Published: 2010

40. Ultrafine particle sources and in-situ formation in a European megacity

Author: Matthias Beekmann, Markku Kulmala, F. Freutel, Jean Sciare, Frank Drewnick, S.-L. von der Weiden-Reinmüller, Agnès Borbon, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, André S. H. Prévôt, Lea Hildebrandt, Spyros N. Pandis, Monica Crippa, G. J. Engelhart, Urs Baltensperger, Michael Pikridas, Evangelia Kostenidou, Magda Psichoudaki, Tuukka Petäjä, Maik Merkel, and A. Wiedensohler
Subjects: In situ, Megacity, Metallurgy, Ultrafine particle, Environmental science
Abstract: Ambient particle number size distributions were measured in Paris, France during summer (1–31 July 2009) and winter (15 January–15 February 2010) at three fixed ground sites and using two mobile laboratories and one airplane. The campaigns were part of the MEGAPOLI project. New particle formation (NPF) was observed only during summer at approximately 50% of the campaign days, assisted by the low condensation sink (about 10.7 ± 5.9 × 10−3 s−1). NPF events inside the Paris plume were also observed at 600 m altitude onboard an aircraft simultaneously with regional events identified on the ground. Increased particle number concentrations were measured aloft also outside of the Paris plume at the same altitude, and were attributed to NPF. The Paris plume was identified, based on increased particle number and black carbon concentration, up to 200 km away from Paris center during summer. The number concentration of particles with diameter exceeding 2.5 nm measured on the surface at Paris center was on average 6.9 ± 8.7 × 104 and 12.1 ± 8.6 × 104 cm−3 during summer and winter, respectively, and was found to decrease exponentially with distance from Paris. However, further than 30 km from the city center, the particle number concentration at the surface was similar during both campaigns. During summer one suburban site in the NE was not significantly affected by Paris emissions due to higher background number concentrations, while the particle number concentration at the second suburban site in the SW increased by a factor of three when it was downwind of Paris.
Published: 2015

41. Modeling of Aerosol Indirect Effects with WRF/Chem over Europe

Author: Paolo Tuccella, Guido Visconti, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, and Gabriele Curci
Subjects: Meteorology, Liquid water content, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Cloud droplet, Environmental science, Cloud condensation nuclei, Radius, Atmospheric sciences, North sea, Air quality index, Aerosol
Abstract: WRF/Chem has been updated in order to simulate the aerosol indirect effects using a new parameterization for production of secondary organic aerosol. The model has been evaluated over North Sea among the ATR-42 aircraft measurements of aerosol and cloud issued in frame European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI). WRF/Chem tends to overpredict the number of condensation nuclei. Simulated liquid water content shows a bias of +15 %. Predicted cloud droplet number concentration is overestimated and radius effective droplet is underestimated.
Published: 2014

42. Characterizing the impact of urban emissions on regional aerosol particles: airborne measurements during the MEGAPOLI experiment

Author: Karine Sellegri, Agnès Borbon, Francesco Canonaco, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Matthias Beekmann, André S. H. Prévôt, Jean-François Doussin, Evelyn Freney, Aurélie Colomb, Vincent Michoud, L. Gomes, Jean-Marc Pichon, Nadir Amarouche, T. Bourianne, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division technique INSU/SDU (DTI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique - Clermont Auvergne (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU/SPU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Inter-Université des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Université Paris-Est (UPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Mass concentration (chemistry), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Soot, lcsh:QC1-999, Plume, Aerosol, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Particle, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The MEGAPOLI (Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) experiment took place in July 2009. The aim of this campaign was to study the aging and reactions of aerosol and gas-phase emissions in the city of Paris. Three ground-based measurement sites and several mobile platforms including instrument equipped vehicles and the ATR-42 aircraft were involved. We present here the variations in particle- and gas-phase species over the city of Paris, using a combination of high-time resolution measurements aboard the ATR-42 aircraft. Particle chemical composition was measured using a compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS), giving detailed information on the non-refractory submicron aerosol species. The mass concentration of black carbon (BC), measured by a particle absorption soot photometer (PSAP), was used as a marker to identify the urban pollution plume boundaries. Aerosol mass concentrations and composition were affected by air-mass history, with air masses that spent longest time over land having highest fractions of organic aerosol and higher total mass concentrations. The Paris plume is mainly composed of organic aerosol (OA), BC, and nitrate aerosol, as well as high concentrations of anthropogenic gas-phase species such as toluene, benzene, and NOx. Using BC and CO as tracers for air-mass dilution, we observe the ratio of ΔOA / ΔBC and ΔOA / ΔCO increase with increasing photochemical age (−log(NOx / NOy)). Plotting the equivalent ratios of different organic aerosol species (LV-OOA, SV-OOA, and HOA) illustrate that the increase in OA is a result of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. Within Paris the changes in the ΔOA / ΔCO are similar to those observed during other studies in London, Mexico City, and in New England, USA. Using the measured SOA volatile organic compounds (VOCs) species together with organic aerosol formation yields, we were able to predict ~50% of the measured organics. These airborne measurements during the MEGAPOLI experiment show that urban emissions contribute to the formation of OA and have an impact on aerosol composition on a regional scale.
Published: 2014

43. Mapping the Operation of the Miniature Combustion Aerosol Standard (Mini-CAST) Soot Generator

Author: Edward L. Winstead, Dabrina D. Dutcher, Kevin Chan, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Bruce E. Anderson, Luke D. Ziemba, Timothy M. Raymond, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Richard H. Moore, and Andreas J. Beyersdorf
Subjects: Range (particle radiation), Materials science, Particle number, Mixing (process engineering), Analytical chemistry, Fraction (chemistry), medicine.disease_cause, Pollution, Soot, Volumetric flow rate, Generator (circuit theory), Combustor, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Organic chemistry, General Materials Science
Abstract: The Jing Ltd. miniature combustion aerosol standard (Mini-CAST) soot generator is a portable, commercially available burner that is widely used for laboratory measurements of soot processes. While many studies have used the Mini-CAST to generate soot with known size, concentration, and organic carbon fraction under a single or few conditions, there has been no systematic study of the burner operation over a wide range of operating conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of the microphysical, chemical, morphological, and hygroscopic properties of Mini-CAST soot over the full range of oxidation air and mixing N2 flow rates. Very fuel-rich and fuel-lean flame conditions are found to produce organic-dominated soot with mode diameters of 10–60 nm, and the highest particle number concentrations are produced under fuel-rich conditions. The lowest organic fraction and largest diameter soot (70–130 nm) occur under slightly fuel-lean conditions. Moving from fuel-rich to fuel-lean conditions also increases the O:C ratio of the soot coatings from ∼0.05 to ∼0.25, which causes a small fraction of the particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei near the Kelvin limit (κ ∼ 0–10−3). Comparison of these property ranges to those reported in the literature for aircraft and diesel engine soots indicates that the Mini-CAST soot is similar to real-world primary soot particles, which lends itself to a variety of process-based soot studies. The trends in soot properties uncovered here will guide selection of burner operating conditions to achieve optimum soot properties that are most relevant to such studies. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Published: 2014
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44. Mapping the Operation of the Miniature Combustion Aerosol Standard (Mini-CAST) Soot Generator

Author: Kevin Chan, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Dabrina Dutcher, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Timothy M. Raymond, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Bruce E. Anderson, Kevin Chan, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Dabrina Dutcher, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Timothy M. Raymond, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, and Bruce E. Anderson
Published: 2015
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45. Overview of aerosol properties associated with air masses sampled by the ATR-42 during the EUCAARI campaign (2008)

Author: Laurant Gomes, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, P. Villani, Greg Roberts, Boris Quennehen, Ralf Weigel, Karine Sellegri, Jean-Claude Roger, Andreas Stohl, Thierry Bourrianne, P. Laj, John F. Burkhart, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Jean-Marc Pichon, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-BLAN-0209,AEROCLOUDS,AEROsol Impact on tropospheric CLOUDS(2006), European Project: 36071,EUCAARI, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Particle number, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Chemical composition, Air quality index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Scattering, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Boundary layer, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Particle, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Within the frame of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project the Météo-France aircraft ATR-42 performed 22 research flights, over central Europe and the North Sea during the intensive observation period in May 2008. For the campaign, the ATR-42 was equipped in order to study aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties, as well as cloud microphysics. During the campaign, continental air masses from Eastern and Western Europe were encountered, along with polar and Scandinavian air masses. For the 22 research flights, retroplume analyses along the flight tracks were performed with FLEXPART in order to classify air masses into five sectors of origin which allows for a qualitative evaluation of emission influence on the respective air parcel. In the polluted boundary layer (BL), typical concentrations of particles with diameters larger than 10 nm (N10) are of the order of 5000–6000 cm−3, whereas N10 concentrations of clean air masses were lower than 1300 cm−3. The detection of the largest particle number concentrations occurred in air masses coming from Polar and Scandinavian regions for which an elevated number of nucleation mode (25–28 nm) particles was observed and attributed to new particle formation over open sea. In the free troposphere (FT), typical observed N10 are of the order of 900 cm−3 in polluted air masses and 400–600 cm−3 in clean air masses, respectively. In both layers, the chemical composition of submicron aerosol particles is dominated by organic matter and nitrate in polluted air masses, while, sulphate and ammonium followed by organics dominate the submicron aerosols in clean air masses. The highest CCN/CN ratios were observed within the polar air masses while the CCN concentration values are the highest within the polluted air masses. Within the five air mass sectors defined and the two layers (BL and FT), observations have been distinguished into anticyclonic (first half of May 2008) and cyclonic conditions (second half of May 2008). Strong relationships between meteorological conditions and physical, chemical as well as optical properties are found.
Published: 2013

46. Impact of cloud processes on aerosol particle properties: results from two ATR-42 flights in an extended stratocumulus cloud layer during the EUCAARI campaign (2008)

Author: Ralf Weigel, P. Laj, T. Bourianne, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, J. M. Pichon, L. Gomes, Gregory Roberts, P. Villani, Andreas Stohl, Karine Sellegri, and J. M. Etcheberry
Subjects: Meteorology, business.industry, Cloud computing, Atmospheric sciences, Marine stratocumulus, Aerosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Liquid water content, Scanning mobility particle sizer, Environmental science, Particle, Sulfate, business, Sea salt aerosol
Abstract: Within the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project, the Meteo France research aircraft ATR-42 was operated from Rotterdam airport during May 2008, to perform scientific flights dedicated to the investigation of aerosol-cloud interactions. Therein, the objective of this study is to illustrate the impact of cloud processing on the aerosol particles physical and chemical properties. The presented results are retrieved from measurements during a double-flight mission from Rotterdam (Netherlands) to Newcastle (UK) and back using data measured with compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Cloud-related measurements during these flights were performed over the North Sea within as well as in close vicinity of a marine stratocumulus cloud layer. Particle physical and chemical properties observed in the close vicinity (V), below and above the stratocumulus cloud show strong differences. Firstly, measurements at constant altitude above the cloud layer show decreasing mass concentrations with decreasing horizontal distance (210–0 km) to the cloud layer by a factor up to 7, whereas below the cloud and by same means of distance, the mass concentrations merely decrease by a factor of 2 on average. Secondly, the averaged aerosol size distributions, observed above and below the cloud layer, are of bimodal character with pronounced minima between Aitken and accumulation mode which is potentially the consequence of cloud processing. Finally, the chemical composition of aerosol particles is strongly dependent on the location relative to the cloud layer (vicinity or below/above cloud). In general, the nitrate and organic fractions decrease with decreasing distance to the cloud, in the transit from cloud–free conditions towards the cloud boundaries. The decrease of nitrate and organic compounds ranges at a factor of three to ten, affecting sulfate and ammonium compounds to be increasingly abundant in the aerosol chemical composition while approaching the cloud layer. Finally, the chemical composition of non-refractory evaporated cloud droplets measured within the cloud shows increased fractions of nitrate and organics (with respect to concentrations found below clouds), but also large amounts of sulfate, thus, related to activation of particles, made up of soluble compounds.
Published: 2011

47. General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI)-integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales

Author: Urmas Hõrrak, Olivier Boucher, J. L. Brenguier, Hanna Lappalainen, Merete Bilde, Antoon Visschedijk, Jón Egill Kristjánsson, Sander Mirme, Zbigniew Klimont, Maria Kanakidou, Michael Schulz, Risto Makkonen, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Casimiro Pio, Marc Fischer, J. P. Veefkind, Andreas Stohl, Øyvind Seland, Simon Woodward, Christian George, Daniel Rosenfeld, Thomas Hamburger, T. S. Panwar, Célia Alves, Øystein Hov, Andreas Petzold, Barbara D'Anna, Ari Asmi, Miroslav Josipovic, Birgit Wehner, Maria Cristina Facchini, Gyula Kiss, Heikki Lihavainen, David C. S. Beddows, G. de Leeuw, Elisabetta Vignati, Johan P. Beukes, Min Hu, V. A. Lanz, Karine Sellegri, Holger Siebert, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, A. A. Zardini, Paul R. Halloran, R. Vuolo, Erik Swietlicki, André S. H. Prévôt, Jacobus J. Pienaar, Eiko Nemitz, Hugh Coe, Pekka Kolmonen, Manabu Shiraiwa, Andreas Minikin, Petri Vaattovaara, Thomas F. Mentel, J. Y. Sun, Ulrike Lohmann, Gordon McFiggans, J. Wildt, Ari Laaksonen, David Topping, Christodoulos Pilinis, David Simpson, Joshua P. Schwarz, Stefano Decesari, Urs Baltensperger, Sylwester Arabas, Colin D. O'Dowd, Markus Amann, Alf Kirkevåg, Markus Ammann, Markku Kulmala, Spyros N. Pandis, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, G. Roberts, Paulo Artaxo, Joonas Merikanto, Radovan Krejci, Hartmut Herrmann, D. O'Donnell, Ville Vakkari, G.-J. van Zadelhoff, R. Boers, Peter Tunved, Kai Zhang, Gavin R. McMeeking, Alfred Wiedensohler, H. A. C. Denier van der Gon, Yoshiteru Iinuma, Simon L. Clegg, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Kenneth S. Carslaw, Hanna E. Manninen, Hanna Pawlowska, B. Sierau, C. Plass-Duelmer, Johann Feichter, Ilona Riipinen, D. R. Worsnop, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, P. G. van Zyl, Carly Reddington, Roy M. Harrison, Laurent C.-Labonnote, Lauri Laakso, Holger Baars, John F. Burkhart, Henri Vuollekoski, Luciana V. Rizzo, Stefania Gilardoni, Thorsten Hoffmann, Corinna Hoose, Trond Iversen, L. Gomes, Hans-Christen Hansson, Robert Bergström, A. M. Fjaeraa, Francesco Canonaco, Ulrich Pöschl, Mika Komppula, Sara C. Pryor, X. J. Shen, William T. Morgan, Christos Fountoukis, Paolo Laj, INGENIERIE (INGENIERIE), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RAFFINAGE (RAFFINAGE), AIR (AIR), AIR:EAU+JMH, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, European aerosol, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, aerosol, Aerosol radiative forcing, Climate, clouds, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, Aerosol cloud, 11. Sustainability, SDG 13 - Climate Action, ddc:550, particle properties, Environmental policy, saturation vapor-pressures, chemical-transport model, Miljövetenskap, air quality, lcsh:QC1-999, General Circulation Model, EUCAARI, EELS - Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, ION-INDUCED NUCLEATION, Chemical transport model, Meteorology, Earth & Environment, Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands, SIMULATION CHAMBER SAPHIR, nuclei number concentration, SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL, pure component properties, Air quality index, Environmental quality, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, PARTICLE FORMATION EVENTS, Atmosphärische Spurenstoffe, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, CAS - Climate, Air and Sustainability, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Falcon, Aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, mixed-phase clouds, Environmental science, atmospheric sulfuric-acid, Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: In this paper we describe and summarize the main achievements of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions project (EUCAARI). EUCAARI started on 1 January 2007 and ended on 31 December 2010 leaving a rich legacy including: (a) a comprehensive database with a year of observations of the physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosol particles over Europe, (b) comprehensive aerosol measurements in four developing countries, (c) a database of airborne measurements of aerosols and clouds over Europe during May 2008, (d) comprehensive modeling tools to study aerosol processes fron nano to global scale and their effects on climate and air quality. In addition a new Pan-European aerosol emissions inventory was developed and evaluated, a new cluster spectrometer was built and tested in the ﬁeld and several new aerosol parameterizations and computations modules for chemical transport and global climate models were developed and evaluated. These achievements and related studies have substantially improved our understanding and reduced the uncertainties of aerosol radiative forcing and air quality-climate interactions. The EUCAARI results can be utilized in European and global environmental policy to assess the aerosol impacts and the corresponding abatement strategies. Main part of the work in this paper has been funded with FP6 project EUCAARI (Contract 34684). This work was performed in the framework of the Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 “Structuring the European Research Area” Programme, EUSAAR Contract No. RII3-CT-2006-026140. The ﬁnancial support by the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program (project No. 1118615) is gratefully acknowledged. CNRS and Métófrance partners acknowledge the ﬁnancial support of Agence Nationale de la Recherche under the AEROCLOUDS proposal. This research has received funding from ERC Advanced Grant ATMNUCLE No. 227463. published
Published: 2011

48. Physical and chemical properties of pollution aerosol particles transported from North America to Greenland as measured during the POLARCAT summer campaign

Author: Julia Schmale, Boris Quennehen, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Harald Sodemann, Johannes Schneider, Kathy S. Law, Gérard Ancellet, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Andreas Stohl, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, Scavenging, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Taiga, Carbon black, respiratory system, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, Volume (thermodynamics), Boreal, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Particle, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Within the framework of the POLARCAT-France campaign, aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties over Greenland were measured onboard the French ATR-42 research aircraft. The origins of CO excess peaks detected in the aircraft measurements then have been identified through FLEXPART simulations. The study presented here focuses particularly on the characterization of air masses transported from the North American continent to Greenland. Air masses that picked up emissions from Canadian boreal forest fires as well as from the cities on the American east coast were identified and selected for a detailed study. Measurements of CO concentrations, aerosol chemical composition, aerosol number size distributions, aerosol volume volatile fractions and aerosol light absorption (mainly from black carbon) are used in order to study the relationship between CO enhancement (ΔCO), aerosol particle concentrations and number size distributions. Aerosol number size distributions (normalised with their respective ΔCO) are in good agreement with previous studies. Nonetheless, wet scavenging may have occurred along the pathway between the emission sources and Greenland leading to a less pronounced accumulation mode in the POLARCAT data. Chemical analyses from mass spectrometry show that submicrometer aerosol particles are mainly composed of sulphate and organics. The observed bimodal (Aitken and accumulation) aerosol number size distributions show a significant enhancement in Aitken mode particles. Furthermore, results from the thermodenuder analysis demonstrate the external mixture of boreal fire (BF) air masses from North America (NA). This is particularly observed in the accumulation mode, containing a volume fraction of up to 25–30% of refractory material at the applied temperature of 280 °C. NA anthropogenic air masses with only 6% refractory material in the accumulation mode can be clearly distinguished from BF air masses. Overall, during the campaign rather small amounts of black carbon from the North American continent were transported towards Greenland during the summer POLARCAT observation period, which also is a valuable finding with respect to potential climate impacts of black carbon in the Arctic.
Published: 2011

49. New particle formation events measured on board the ATR-42 aircraft during the EUCAARI campaign

Author: L. Gomes, Markku Kulmala, Ralf Weigel, Paolo Laj, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Karine Sellegri, Hanna E. Manninen, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Gregory Roberts, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-BLAN-0209,AEROCLOUDS,AEROsol Impact on tropospheric CLOUDS(2006), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of Helsinki, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Range (particle radiation), Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Condensation, Nucleation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:Chemistry, Boundary layer, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Particle, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Air quality index, Air mass, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Aerosol properties were studied during an intensive airborne measurement campaign that took place at Rotterdam in Netherlands in May 2008 within the framework of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions project (EUCAARI). The objective of this study is to illustrate seven events of new particle formation (NPF) observed with two Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) operated on board the ATR-42 research aircraft in airsectors around Rotterdam, and to provide information on the spatial extent of the new particle formation phenomenon based on 1-s resolution measurements of ultra-fine particle (in the size range 3–10 nm diameter, denoted N3-10 hereafter) concentrations. The results show that particle production occurred under the influence of different air mass origins, at different day times and over the North Sea as well as over the continent. The number concentration of freshly nucleated particles (N3-10) varied between 5000 and 100 000 cm−3 within the boundary layer (BL). Furthermore the vertical extension for all nucleation events observed on the ATR-42 never exceeded the upper limit of the BL. The horizontal extent of N3-10 could not be delimited due to inflexible flight plans which could not be modified to accommodate real-time results. However, the NPF events were observed over geographically large areas; typically the horizontal extension was about 100 km and larger.
Published: 2010
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50. Mapping the Operation of the Miniature Combustion Aerosol Standard (Mini-CAST) Soot Generator

Author: Kevin Chan, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Dabrina Dutcher, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Timothy M. Raymond, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Bruce E. Anderson, Kevin Chan, Richard H. Moore, Luke D. Ziemba, Dabrina Dutcher, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Timothy M. Raymond, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, and Bruce E. Anderson
Published: 2014
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