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Objectives. This study aimed to prove the effect of contrast training using conventional deadlifts and air rowers on the increase of leg muscle strength and VO2max in rowing athletes. Materials and methods. This study used a true-experimental method with a two-group pretest-posttest approach, involving a control group design. A total of 22 rowing athletes, aged 19-23 years, and recruited from the Surabaya City training centre, were involved in the study. The athletes received a contrast training intervention with a high intensity of 85-90% 1RM, conducted thrice per week for a six-week period. Leg strength and back strength, leg power, and VO2max were evaluated between pre- and post-intervention in each study group. Results. The results showed that leg strength and back strength, leg power, and VO2max were found to be significantly improved after performing a contrast exercise intervention compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions. These findings suggest that contrast training combining conventional deadlifts and air rowers is an effective method of increasing leg muscle strength and power, as well as VO2max in rowing athletes, so that it can provide benefits to enhance the explosive strength and aerobic endurance of these athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. This research aimed to analyze the effect of Rhodiola rosea on the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) levels after high-intensity training. Materials and methods. The research was conducted using an experiment method with a pre-test and post-test group design. It involved 20 healthy males as participants. They were 19 years old on mean and currently enrolled as university students. The participants were purposively selected and divided into two groups. One group was administered a placebo (Age = 19.60 ± 0.69), while the other was assigned to a medication group that received Rhodiola rosea with a 500 mg dosage (Age = 19.30 ± 0.82). The study began by collecting data from the research subjects on the first day. After that, the participants were asked to warm up before doing high-intensity physical training composed of exercises such as walking lunges, good-mornings (also known as weight training exercises), and leg extensions. The training was performed for 4 sets, with a recovery period of 1 minute between the sets. The training intensity was monitored using a Polar H9 Heart Rate Sensor. On the second day (24 hours after the training session), blood samples were collected from all subjects. The data were treated as pre-test data in order to calculate the NF-kB and TNF-α levels. Subsequently, the participants were given a placebo and Rhodiola rosea intervention based on the predetermined groups. On the third day (48 hours after the training session), the subjects’ blood samples were collected again. This time, blood collection was done following the training as post-test data. The next procedure included the blood sample analyzing in the laboratory using the ELISA method. Furthermore, SPSS software was used for the statistical analysis of this research. Results. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference in serum NF-kB levels in the placebo group and there was a notable reduction in serum NF-kB levels in the Rhodiola rosea group. Additionally, a substantial decrease in serum TNF-α levels was observed in both groups. Conclusions. To sum it up, giving Rhodiola rosea a 500 mg/day dosage potentially decreases the NF-kB level. Meanwhile, for the TNF-a, both groups reported a decrease of the serum level. Consequently, further research is recommended to investigate the effect of Rhodiola rosea on other inflammatory markers, including Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as muscle damage biomarkers, such as creatine kinase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study purpose. Examining the physiological and physical effects of Tabata training with Kempo sports movement techniques. Materials and methods. The study participants were 16 adolescents divided into two distinct groups: the Tabata group and the non-Tabata group. The training was conducted for 6 weeks, 3 times per week, with each session lasting 2 hours. The training components for kicks and punches included Gyaku Geri, Jun Mawashi Geri, Jun Zuki, and Gyaku Mawashi Geri. Each teenager did physical exercise once a week for 2 hours. A normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) was used to assess the normality of the data. A Two-Way ANOVA with a significance level of less than 0.05 was conducted to examine the difference in means between the two groups. Furthermore, the researchers also tested the N-Gain Score to assess the effectiveness of the 6-week Tabata training program. All tests were conducted using SPSS version 23 and GraphPad Prisma version 10 for graph creation. Results. The statistics indicate that a 6-week training with Tabata can effectively reduce resting heart rate and improve Standing Broad Jump (SBJ) performance by a value of sig. <0.05. In the pretest-posttest difference test within the group, the results show sig. <0.05. The results of the N-Gain Score test show that Kempo training using the Tabata method is effective in reducing resting heart rate by up to 88%, but is not effective in increasing power (SBJ) by a value of 10%. Conclusions. The study revealed that incorporating the Tabata method into Kempo training, with necessary adjustments for 6 weeks, led to a notable reduction in resting heart rate. A decrease in resting heart rate is a dependable indicator of the advancement in physical fitness and general well-being in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]