Search

This study aims to analyze the analytical thinking skills of prospective teacher students in scientific learning of energy materials by applying a Research-Based Learning model (RBL). This study used a mixed method with a sequential explanatory design. The respondents selected through purposive sampling were 70 students, and 2 of them were for interview data. The research data was collected using a test instrument in the form of 10 essay questions and a non-test in the form of open interviews to students. The average pre-test score for the essay test was 45.71, the post-test score was 68.71, and the N-gain value was 42.37%. These results provide information about analytical thinking skills on energy concepts which are still in the moderate category, so alternative learning strategies are needed to improve the ability of prospective teachers in science learning. This research has recently developed five indicators of analytical thinking skills based on quantitative and qualitative studies on energy materials in science learning. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterampilan berpikir analitis mahasiswa calon guru dalam pembelajaran saintifik materi energi dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis penelitian (RBL). Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed method dengan desain sequential explanatory. Responden yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling sebanyak 70 siswa, dan 2 diantaranya untuk data wawancara.. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen tes berupa 10 soal essay dan non-test berupa wawancara terbuka kepada siswa. Rata-rata nilai pretest tes esai adalah 45,71, nilai posttest 68,71, dan nilai N-gain 42,37%. Hasil tersebut memberikan informasi tentang keterampilan berpikir analitis pada konsep energi yang masih dalam kategori sedang, sehingga diperlukan alternatif strategi pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan calon guru dalam pembelajaran sains. Penelitian ini memiliki kebaruan mengembangkan lima indikator kemampuan berpikir analitis berdasarkan kajian kuantitatif dan kualitatif pada materi energi dalam pembelajaran IPA.

Analytical thinking skills are critical thinking skills and higher-order thinking skills that meet students’ demands in the 21st century. This study aims to analyze the student’s analytical thinking skills in the natural sciences, particularly in new and renewable energy. This study was a sequential explanatory design with quantitative and qualitative methods. Data was obtained from the interview, observation, and essay test to students of the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Teacher Education Program Study at IAIN Surakarta (Indonesia) to determine a characteristic of the students’ analytical thinking skills. The results showed that the mean scores of the pre-test, post-test, and effect size were 54.34, 74.91, and 2.91, respectively. These results revealed that analytical thinking skills in the concept of new and renewable energy in the experimental group were higher than the control group. Innovative learning like PBL had a potential as the alternative method to increase the analytical thinking skills of student. These findings were expected to provide a general characteristic to lecturers and researchers on the students’ analytical thinking skills in higher education in the natural sciences, particularly in the concept of new and renewable energy by implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model.

Cahaya matahari memiliki sifat polikromatik bila dibiaskan akan menghasilkan cahaya-cahaya monokromatik. Cahaya-cahaya monokromatik inilah yang ditangkap oleh klorofil dan digunakan dalam proses fotosintesis. Dalam suatu percobaan diketahui bahwa gelombang cahaya biru dan cahaya merah adalah yang paling efektif dalam melakukan proses fotosintesis. Kesimpulan: 1). Gelombang cahaya biru dan cahaya merah adalah yang paling efektif dalam melakukan proses fotosintesis. Cahaya merah mempunyai energi foton 1.65-2.00 eV, sedangkan cahaya biru mempunyai energi foton 2.5-2.75 eV. 2). Pada fotosintesis terdapat dua reaksi yaitu reaksi terang dan reaksi gelap. Reaksi terang terjadi Pemecahan air (H2O) menjadi ion Hidrogen (H+) dan molekul air menggunakan energi cahaya, menghasikan O2, ATP, dan NADP H2. Reaksi gelap terjadi pengikatan karbondioksida (CO2) dan mengkombinasikannya dengan ion hidrogen (H+) sehingga membentuk gula. 3). Dalam fotosintesis berlaku hukum kekekalan energi yaitu Energi radiasi sinar matahari ditangkap oleh klorofil kemudian diubah menjadi energy kimia melalui proses fotosintesis. Dalam hal ini tidak ada energi yang musnah. Energy kimia tersebut digunakan untuk mensintesis CO2 dan H2O menjadi glukosa dan senyawa kompleks lainnya yang tersimpan dalam bentuk senyawa karbohidrat. Sunlight has polychromatic properties when refracted will produce monochromatic light. This monochromatic light is captured by chlorophyll and used in the process of photosynthesis. In an experiment it was found that blue light and red light are the most effective in carrying out photosynthesis. Conclusion: 1). Blue light and red light are the most effective in carrying out photosynthesis. Red light has a photon energy of 1.65-2.00 eV, while blue light has a photon energy of 2.5-2.75 eV. 2). There are two reactions in photosynthesis, namely the light reaction and the dark reaction. The light reaction occurs The splitting of water (H2O) into Hydrogen ions (H+) and water molecules using light energy, producing O2, ATP, and NADP H2. The dark reaction occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) is bound and combines with hydrogen ions (H+) to form sugars. 3). In photosynthesis, the law of conservation of energy applies, namely the energy of solar radiation captured by chlorophyll and then converted into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. In this case no energy is lost. The chemical energy is used to synthesize CO2 and H2O into glucose and other complex compounds that are stored in the form of carbohydrate compounds.

Thermochemistry as one of sub-subject in chemistry subject which is taught in senior high school. This subject has considered as one of the most difficult subject to be learn by student. In understanding thermochemistry, students often experience misconception because this subject is containing abstract concept and requires representation at the macroscopic, submacroscopic, and symbolic levels. This study was intended to determine the level of student understanding of thermochemical subject after going through the teaching and learning process as an evaluation material for students and teachers. The used research method was descriptive quantitative using a three-tier multiple choice (TTMC) diagnostic test instrument. The subjects of this study were students of class IX IPA 1 Madrasah Aliyah Negri 1 East Lampung in the academic year 2019/2020 with a sample size of 33 students. The obtained results exhibited that student misconception toward the tested subject, including exothermic and endothermic reaction, thermochemistry equation, enthalpy changes, Hess Law, and bonding energy, were 90, 78, 45, 66, and 18%, respectively. The results of the analysis are expected to be an evaluation material for teachers to be able to convey thermochemical material more conceptually to improve student understanding.

Test of English as a foreign Language or TOEFL is a standardized test of English for non-native speaker. It consists of three parts or three sections of tests. In Reading Comprehension test, it consists of vocabulary test. To get better result of score, it needs strategies. The purposes of this study are to know the strategies used by the students to answer the vocabulary test on reading section of TOEFL, to know the most strategy used by the students, to know the least strategy used by the students and to know the distribution of strategies used by the students to answer the Vocabulary test of Reading Comprehension of the TOEFL. The researcher used descriptive qualitative research. The subject was twelve students. The instrument was questionnaire that consisted of thirty questions. Data analyzes technique was by using mean score. The result of the research showed that; (1) students used all strategies to answer the vocabulary test of reading comprehension of TOEFL. (2) the most strategies used by the students was ‘Looking for contextual clues to the meaning of unknown words.(3) the least strategy used by the students to answer vocabulary test was ‘Developing a new vocabulary study system, and (4) the distribution of the strategy number 1 was 3.88,strategy number 2 was 3.61, number 3 was 2.94, number four was 2.91, strategy number 5 was3.88, strategy number six was 3.47, strategy number seven was 3.69, strategy number eight was 3.02, strategy number nine was 3.00 and the last strategy was 3.13.