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Thyroid neoplasms encompass a range of abnormal growths of the neoplastic cells ranging from benign adenomas to malignant carcinomas and are one of the lists for the differential diagnoses from the thyroid gland or parathyroid neoplasm. These tumors cause various clinical signs in dogs, including breathing difficulties, swallowing issues, and compressing the surrounding tissues. Diagnosis involves a combination of physical examinations, radiography, ultrasound, hematology, clinical pathology investigation, and histopathological analyses. Treatment options depend on tumor types and stages, with surgical resection being common for benign tumors and more aggressive approaches such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy for malignancies. Even if the metastasis occurs to the regional lymph nodes, the mandibular lymph node metastasis is uncommon. The prognosis varies, with carcinomas posing greater challenges, particularly if they metastasize. Continuous monitoring and follow-up are crucial to assess treatment outcomes and tumor recurrences. Early detection and comprehensive veterinary management are essential in addressing thyroid neoplasms in dogs effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare pathological condition in dogs related to a lack of erythroid precursor linages that cause a failure of red blood cell production, leading to severe anemia. Middle-aged dogs, especially females, have a great chance of developing acquired pure red cell aplasia. The clinical signs show pale mucous membrane, systolic murmur, tachypnea, tachycardia, weakness, syncope, and seizure. For diagnosis, the clinical pathological findings show the normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia, and the bone marrow pathological findings show a lack of erythroid precursor cells. According to the responsiveness of the immunosuppressive therapy, PRCA is proposed as one form of the immune-mediated anemia. Most PRCA are secondary diseases associated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment, infectious disease including parvoviral infection or modified-live parvovirus vaccination, or bone marrow cancer. In case of poor prognosis, the histopathology shows collagenous fibrosis in the bone marrow, and recurrent diseases after withdrawing the treatment commonly occur. In this case study, an 11-year-old non-castrated male Pomeranian dog was presented with a history of syncope. The non-regenerative anemia was found with a decrease of erythroid precursor in the bone marrow. The dog has been successfully treated with prednisolone 2 mg/kg once daily and tapered down every two weeks. The clinical signs of syncope and other blood parameters improved after 2 weeks of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]