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There are several applications for electro-osmotic MHD flow of hybrid Ferrofluid in the present era, notably in the biochemical as drug delivery systems, microfluidic devices, biomedical diagnostics, microscale systems and medical industries. The electro-osmotic MHD flow of a hybrid Ferrofluid containing Cobalt Ferrite, magnetite nanoparticles via a vertically inclined microchannel is investigated in this study. In furthermore, the perpendicular magnetic field is considered. Investigations are also carried into the effects of mass and heat transfer in this moving fluid. Partial differential equations provide as a representation for the aforementioned physical phenomenon, using suitable dimensionless nondimensional variables. Also, the classical system is fractionalized using the generalized Fourier and Fick's law. Generalizations are made based on the account of the Caputo derivative. The solution for the velocity, concentration, and temperature outlines is developed by using the Fourier and Laplace techniques. Moreover, the parametric impact of many physical factors as the Brinkman parameter, the temperature, velocity, concentration and stress parameters (Schmidt, Grashof, and Prandtl numbers). Graphs and discussions of concentration distributions is also discussed. The Sherwood number, rate of heat transmission, and skin friction are calculated and summarized. Since the fractional models are more accurate, they also provide a broader variety of possible solutions. Considering the relevant data, these solutions could be the best. Additionally, the heat transfer rate is higher as compare to nanofluid and regular fluid. The Hybrid Ferrofluid having capability to control velocity boundary layer rapidly as compare to nanofluid and regular fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids are used to achieve maximum thermal performance with the smallest concentration of nanoparticles and stable suspension in conventional fluids. The effectiveness of nanofluids in convection processes is significantly influenced by their increased thermophysical characteristics. However, this technology is not ended here; binary and ternary nanofluids are now used to improve the efficiency of regular fluids. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the natural convection Newtonian ternary nanofluid flow in a vertical channel. The tri‐hybridized nanoparticles of zinc oxide ZnO, Aluminum oxide Al2O3, and titanium oxide TiO2 is dissolved in base fluid distilled water (DW) to form a homogenous suspension. The impact of thermal radiation, joule heating, and viscous dissipation are also assumed. The classical Newtonian ternary nanofluid model has been generalized by using fractal‐fractional derivative (FFD) operator. The generalized model has been discretized by using the Crank–Nicolson scheme and then solved by using computational software. To analyze the behavior of fluid flow and heat distribution in fluid, the obtained solution was computed numerically and then plotted in response to different physical parameters. It is noted from the figure that when the volume fraction ϕ reaches to 0.04 (4% of the base fluid), the ternary nanofluid flow shows a significant amount of enhancement in heat transfer rate as compared to binary and unary nanofluid flows. This enhancement in the rate of heat transfer leads to improve the thermophysical characteristics such as viscosity, thermal expansion, and heat capacity etc. of the base fluid. It is also worth mentioning here that the thermal field is also enhance with the higher values of Eckert number Ec$Ec$, radiation parameter Rd$Rd$, and joule heating parameter Jh${J_h}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) which is generated from bleaching process is a valuable industrial waste of edible vegetable oil production because of residual edible vegetable oil absorbed. The residual oil in spent bleaching earth can be recovered and reused for application in the industries such as the production of biodiesel and lubricant. Currently, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique is widely used because this method has a shorter extraction time and less solvent consumption when compared with traditional methods. In this study, MAE combined with solvent reflux was optimized using solvent screening experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the highest yield of MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from spent bleaching earth. The extraction yield of residual soybean oil obtained from selected solvent were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v, 10.19%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:1 v/v, 10.00%) >hexane-ethanol mixture (1:2 v/v, 9.98%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (1:3 v/v, 9.83%) > hexane-ethanol mixture (3:1 v/v, 8.59%) > hexane (8.17%) > acetone (7.73%). The regression coefficient (R-squared = 0.9852) expresses the accuracy of the regression and indicates the relationship between experimental data and predicted result, with high regression coefficient close to 1, which is remarkably desired. The experiment conditions for optimal MAE extraction of residual soybean oil from SBE were hexane-ethanol mixture (2:1 v/v), liquid to solid ratio 15.56:1 mL/g, extraction time 12.22 min, and microwave power 350 W. Under such conditions, the highest predicted value of the extraction yield of residual soybean oil was 10.43%.

In this work, impacts of dispersing nonspherical shaped cobalt nanoparticles in the blood are analyzed for magnetohydrodynamic radiative transport of blood inside a vertical porous channel. An Oldroyd‐B model is used to feature flow characteristics of blood along with Fourier's principle of heat transmission for the mathematical modeling of the problem. A fractional system is constructed by employing the idea of the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative on subsequent differential equations. The Laplace transform method is adopted to solve the fractional flow and energy equations subject to generalized boundary conditions, which involve time‐dependent functions h(τ) $h(\tau)$ and g(τ) $g(\tau)$, respectively. Instead of promoting the analytic velocity and energy expressions, Zakian's numerical algorithm is operated to achieve the reverse transformation purpose of Laplace domain functions. To certify the obtained solutions, two additional numerical algorithms named Stehfest's algorithm and Durbin's algorithm are inculcated in this study, and comparative illustrations are drawn. For the extensive investigation of shear stress and heat transfer phenomenon, numerical simulations for the coefficient of skin friction and Nusselt number are performed, and outcomes are communicated through various tables. The impacts of shape‐dependent viscosity and other significant parameters on flow patterns are investigated through graphs for multiple motion types of the left channel wall. Meanwhile, the thermal performance of nanofluid is examined for platelet, brick, cylinder, and blade shape nanoparticles, along with other thermal parameters. In addition, some recently reported results and flow profiles for Maxwell, second‐grade, and viscous fluids are deduced graphically as special cases of the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora (1.39 % dry weight) and Ocimum basilicum (0.61 %) were analyzed by GC-MS. Seventy-three constituents representing 99.64 % of the chromatographic peak area were obtained in the O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora oil, whereas 80 constituents representing 91.11 % observed in the essential oil of O. basilicum were obtained. Methyl chavicol (81.82 %), β-(E)-ocimene (2.93 %) and α-(E)- bergamotene (2.45 %) were found to be the dominant constituents in O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora oil while O. basilicum contained predominantly linalool (43.78 %), eugenol (13.66 %) and 1,8-cineole (10.18 %). The clear separation of the volatiles in all samples, demonstrated by the application of GC×GC, resulted in significantly different fingerprints for the two types of basil. The O. basilicum oil showed strong antioxidant activity while the oil of O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora exhibited very low activity, which was attributed to the significant differences in linalool and eugenol contents in these essential oils.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have garnered significant attention as extraction media owing to their commendable attributes of being environmentally sustainable and the inherent adaptability of DES's versatile physical and chemical characteristics. The present study investigated the effects of deep eutectic solvents on the total contents of anthocyanin, phenolic, and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant activity of Thai pigmented rice bran extract. The optimal extraction parameters for deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) were also determined using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins and other antioxidants from pigmented rice bran using a deep eutectic solvent were choline chloride: ethylene glycol (Ch:Eg) at a 1:2 ratio, mixed with 20 % water as a solvent. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) at 37 kHz of frequency, 50 °C of temperature, 40 min of extraction time, and a 1:6 g/mL of solid-to-solvent ratio yielded a total anthocyanin content of 4.55 ± 0.09 mg C3G/g DW, a total phenolic content of 26.49 ± 0.62 mg GAE/g DW, a total flavonoid content of 6.57 ± 0.55 mg QE/g DW, and a percent inhibition of DPPH radical of 77.83 ± 1.51. By comparing the antioxidant content that was extracted from three cultivars of pigmented rice, it was found that Leum Pua black rice bran provided significantly higher antioxidant content compared to Hom Nin purple rice bran and Mali Dang red rice bran. This research suggests an achievable, eco-friendly, and effective method for preparing high-quality, consumer-safe Thai rice bran as a raw material for nutraceuticals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)