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1. Chapter Semi-Automatic Workflow for Air-Conditioning System Zoning and Simulation

Author

Yang, Yikun, Pan, Yiqun, and Suter, Georg

Subjects
BIM, Thermal zoning, Generative design, HVAC system, Performance simulation, thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTV Virtualization
Abstract

Building information modeling (BIM) shows its potential in the performance driven design, where multiple design solutions are generated and selected against certain design goals. This paper proposes a workflow to generate and simulate multiple thermal zoning schemes toward a semi-automatic design process of air-conditioning (AC) system. Thermal zoning plays a pivotal role in the design thinking of engineers by synthesizing load calculation, equipment sizing, and pipe/duct layout. However, it is often done intuitively with influence on performance unknown at the initial stage. To make it quantitative, we decompose the zoning process into three levels (thermal/control/system) of space aggregation, joining both semantic and numeric characteristics. For the semantic part, space functions are considered by space labeling, accessibility, and adjacency. As to the numeric part, spaces are zoned based on their thermal response similarities, revealed by dynamic mode decomposition on simulated free-float temperature. Then, the system zoning is generated by rolling out convenient distribution network layouts, representing typical fan-coil or variable-air-volume systems. Variables at each level contribute to the "generative" zoning. Based on multiple zoning schemes, the configurations are serialized into EnergyPlus and Modelica inputs for co-simulation. Initial cost, energy consumption, and comfort level of conditioning join together for the zoning evaluation. The entire workflow is implemented in Grasshopper with self-developed plugins

Published
2023
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2. SAGC-A68: a space access graph dataset for the classification of spaces and space elements in apartment buildings

Author

Ziaee, Amir and Suter, Georg

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The analysis of building models for usable area, building safety, and energy use requires accurate classification data of spaces and space elements. To reduce input model preparation effort and errors, automated classification of spaces and space elements is desirable. A barrier hindering the utilization of Graph Deep Learning (GDL) methods to space function and space element classification is a lack of suitable datasets. To bridge this gap, we introduce a dataset, SAGC-A68, which comprises access graphs automatically generated from 68 digital 3D models of space layouts of apartment buildings. This graph-based dataset is well-suited for developing GDL models for space function and space element classification. To demonstrate the potential of the dataset, we employ it to train and evaluate a graph attention network (GAT) that predicts 22 space function and 6 space element classes. The dataset and code used in the experiment are available online. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7805872, https://github.com/A2Amir/SAGC-A68., Comment: Published in proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering, EG-ICE 2023, London, England. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/construction/sites/bartlett_construction/files/sagc-a68_a_space_access_graph_dataset_for_the_classification_of_spaces_and_space_elements_in_apartment_buildings.pdf

Published
2023

3. SFS-A68: a dataset for the segmentation of space functions in apartment buildings

Author

Ziaee, Amir and Suter, Georg

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Analyzing building models for usable area, building safety, or energy analysis requires function classification data of spaces and related objects. Automated space function classification is desirable to reduce input model preparation effort and errors. Existing space function classifiers use space feature vectors or space connectivity graphs as input. The application of deep learning (DL) image segmentation methods to space function classification has not been studied. As an initial step towards addressing this gap, we present a dataset, SFS-A68, that consists of input and ground truth images generated from 68 digital 3D models of space layouts of apartment buildings. The dataset is suitable for developing DL models for space function segmentation. We use the dataset to train and evaluate an experimental space function segmentation network based on transfer learning and training from scratch. Test results confirm the applicability of DL image segmentation for space function classification. The code and the dataset of the experiments are publicly available online (https://github.com/A2Amir/SFS-A68)., Comment: Published in proceedings of the 29th International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering, EG-ICE 2022, Aarhus, Denmark. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.455.c222

Published
2022

8. Balancing Safety and Innovation: a Critical Examination of IEC TS 60079 - 48 Guidelines for Portable Electronics in Explosive Zones.

Author

Scotton, Martina S. and Suter, Georg

Subjects
TECHNICAL specifications, ELECTRONIC equipment, SOLE proprietorship, RISK assessment, SMARTPHONES
Abstract

The use of portable or personal electronic equipment (PEP) in hazardous areas, such as those where explosive atmospheres may occur, poses a challenge to safety and compliance. Such equipment may include smartphones, tablets, laptops, cameras, and wearable devices. While some PEPs may be certified for use in hazardous areas, others may not have a certificate or may not meet the required Equipment Protection Level (EPL) for the specific zone. In such cases, the owner or operator of the PEP needs to follow some guidelines to ensure the safe and appropriate use of the equipment. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has published a Technical Specification, IEC TS 60079-48 (Explosive Atmosphere - Part 48, 2023), to guide the use of PEP without a certificate for use in hazardous areas requiring EPL Gb, Gc, Db, or Dc. This document covers the general requirements, administrative controls, and drop tests for PEP, as well as some examples of equipment that could be assigned a PEP. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the new Technical Specification IEC TS 60079-48, published in December 2023, which outlines recommended practices for the use of portable electronic devices in potentially explosive atmospheres, especially in Zones 2 and 22 (ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU). The document emphasizes the importance of using ATEX-certified devices but acknowledges situations where non-certified devices may be permissible, subject to a rigorous risk assessment. The paper also highlights challenges in proving that certain devices, even if non-certified, cannot become ignition sources through technical and organizational measures. It critiques the conservative approach of the specification in classifying electrical devices compared to other ignition sources. The new Technical Specification offers a standardized basis for risk assessments, aligning with existing regulations. However, the stringent rules for electrical devices pose challenges, and the paper suggests collaborative assessments among operators for frequently used PEP devices. The aim of this work, as mentioned in the text, is to guide operators in evaluating specific devices and developing internal organizational measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Use Cases for Improved Analysis of Energy and Comfort Related Parameters Based on BIM and BEMS Data

Author

Petrushevski, Filip, Montazer, Maryam, Seifried, Stefan, Schiefer, Christian, Zucker, Gerhard, Preindl, Thomas, Suter, Georg, Kastner, Wolfgang, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Smith, Ian F. C., editor, and Domer, Bernd, editor

Published
2018
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10. Space Classification from Point Clouds of Indoor Environments Based on Reconstructed Topology

Author

Huhnt, Wolfgang, Hartmann, Timo, Suter, Georg, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Smith, Ian F. C., editor, and Domer, Bernd, editor

Published
2018
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19. Advanced Computational Design – digitale Methoden für die frühe Entwurfsphase

Author

Wimmer, Michael, primary, Kovacic, Iva, additional, Ferschin, Peter, additional, Rist, Florian, additional, Hensel, Michael, additional, Schinegger, Kristina, additional, Rutzinger, Stefan, additional, Kaufmann, Hannes, additional, Kilian, Martin, additional, Müller, Christian, additional, Izmestiev, Ivan, additional, Nawratil, Georg, additional, Füssl, Josef, additional, Stavric, Milena, additional, Hahn, David, additional, and Suter, Georg, additional

Published
2022
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20. A Distributed Location Sensing Platform for Dynamic Building Models

Author

Icoglu, Oguz, Brunner, Klaus A., Mahdavi, Ardeshir, Suter, Georg, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Markopoulos, Panos, editor, Eggen, Berry, editor, Aarts, Emile, editor, and Crowley, James L., editor

Published
2004
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23. Aspects of S2

Author

Mahdavi, Ardeshir, Ilal, Mustafa Emre, Mathew, Paul, Ries, Robert, Suter, Georg, Augenbroe, Godfried, editor, and Eastman, Charles, editor

Published
1999
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25. Proceedings of the 29th EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering

Author

Teizer, Jochen, Schultz, Carl, Jacobsen, Emil L., Johansen, Karsten Winther, Hartmann, Timo, Guyo, Eyosias, Gu, Ming, Song, Yan, Liu, Yu-Shen, Zhang, Hehua, Gao, Ge, Liu, Han, Song, Xiaoyu, Borrmann, André, Sacks, Rafael, Martinez, Jhonattan, Vilgertshofer, Simon, Yeung, Timson, Schlenger, Jonas, Abualdenien, Jimmy, Esser, Sebastian, Zhang, Heng, de Wilde, Pieter, Tian, Wei, Chen, Lu, Wei, Shunning, Li, Shengtao, Rim, Donghyun, Chi, Seokho, Hwang, Jaehyun, Moon, Seonghyeon, Lee, Gitaek, Beetz, Jakob, Werbrouck, Jeroen, Schulz, Oliver, Oraskari, Jyrki, Piesk, Jens, Tomar, Rahul, Gebhardt, Gregor, Valenzuela, Gabriel, Abbasloo, Amin, Geyer, Philipp, Lang, Werner, Margesin, Manuel, Staudt, Johannes, Saluz, Ueli, Chen, Xia, Gibson Jr, George Edward, Boring, Ronald Laurids, Yilmaz, Alper, Tang, Pingbo, Xing, Jinding, Behzadan, Amir, Cheng, Chih-Shen, Nath, Nipun, Fang, Weili, Hu, Ruibo, Liu, Yuhan, Chen, Ke, Dragos, Kosmas, Worm, Mathias, Smarsly, Kay, Kashani, Hamed, Mirzaei, Javad, Amiri, Hossein, Xiong, Guanyu, Li, Haijiang, Gao, Yan, Domer, Bernd, Schatz, Yohann, Blankenbach, Joerg, Martens, Jan, Florez-Perez, Laura, Song, Zhiyuan, Kirchner, Jakob, Reisinger, Julia, Hensel, Michael, Füssl, Josef, Kovacic, Iva, Senk, Valentin, Rasoulzadeh, Shervin, Song, Honghong, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Gavan, Valentin, Kavvada, Olga, Berges, Mario, Akinci, Burcu, Vindel, Elvin, Sharoni, Li Or, Soltani, Mohammad Mostafa, Motamedi, Ali, Shahinmoghadam, Mehrzad, Gentry, Russell, Bermek, Mehmet, Liu, Kaijian, Huang, Kaiyu, Khan, Rehan, Doree, Andre, Miller, Seirgei, Makarov, Denis, Vahdatikhaki, Faridaddin, Koch, Christian, Lai, Jason, Schickert, Martin, Artus, Mathias, Suter, Georg, Ziaee, Amir Abbas, Peng, Cheng, Ke, Ziyi, Huang, Hun, Hall, Daniel M., Bucher, David F., Hammad, Amin, Ghelmani, Ali, Luo, Hanbin, Yaun, Jiameng, Chen, Weiya, Bolourian, Neshat, Wei, Yi, Kim, Daeho, Saffari, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Tohidifar, Ali, Gade, Peter, Chronopoulos, Christos, Harichandran, Aparna, Dawood, Nashwan, Rahimian, Farzad Pour, Elghaish, Faris, Matarneh, Sandra, Wang, Wei, Zhu, Shiyang, Ungureanu, Lucian, Chacón, Roland, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Jensen, Frederik, Esterle, Lukas, Blut, Timothy, Fan, G., Liu, Pengkun, Teizer, Jochen, Schultz, Carl, Jacobsen, Emil L., Johansen, Karsten Winther, Hartmann, Timo, Guyo, Eyosias, Gu, Ming, Song, Yan, Liu, Yu-Shen, Zhang, Hehua, Gao, Ge, Liu, Han, Song, Xiaoyu, Borrmann, André, Sacks, Rafael, Martinez, Jhonattan, Vilgertshofer, Simon, Yeung, Timson, Schlenger, Jonas, Abualdenien, Jimmy, Esser, Sebastian, Zhang, Heng, de Wilde, Pieter, Tian, Wei, Chen, Lu, Wei, Shunning, Li, Shengtao, Rim, Donghyun, Chi, Seokho, Hwang, Jaehyun, Moon, Seonghyeon, Lee, Gitaek, Beetz, Jakob, Werbrouck, Jeroen, Schulz, Oliver, Oraskari, Jyrki, Piesk, Jens, Tomar, Rahul, Gebhardt, Gregor, Valenzuela, Gabriel, Abbasloo, Amin, Geyer, Philipp, Lang, Werner, Margesin, Manuel, Staudt, Johannes, Saluz, Ueli, Chen, Xia, Gibson Jr, George Edward, Boring, Ronald Laurids, Yilmaz, Alper, Tang, Pingbo, Xing, Jinding, Behzadan, Amir, Cheng, Chih-Shen, Nath, Nipun, Fang, Weili, Hu, Ruibo, Liu, Yuhan, Chen, Ke, Dragos, Kosmas, Worm, Mathias, Smarsly, Kay, Kashani, Hamed, Mirzaei, Javad, Amiri, Hossein, Xiong, Guanyu, Li, Haijiang, Gao, Yan, Domer, Bernd, Schatz, Yohann, Blankenbach, Joerg, Martens, Jan, Florez-Perez, Laura, Song, Zhiyuan, Kirchner, Jakob, Reisinger, Julia, Hensel, Michael, Füssl, Josef, Kovacic, Iva, Senk, Valentin, Rasoulzadeh, Shervin, Song, Honghong, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Gavan, Valentin, Kavvada, Olga, Berges, Mario, Akinci, Burcu, Vindel, Elvin, Sharoni, Li Or, Soltani, Mohammad Mostafa, Motamedi, Ali, Shahinmoghadam, Mehrzad, Gentry, Russell, Bermek, Mehmet, Liu, Kaijian, Huang, Kaiyu, Khan, Rehan, Doree, Andre, Miller, Seirgei, Makarov, Denis, Vahdatikhaki, Faridaddin, Koch, Christian, Lai, Jason, Schickert, Martin, Artus, Mathias, Suter, Georg, Ziaee, Amir Abbas, Peng, Cheng, Ke, Ziyi, Huang, Hun, Hall, Daniel M., Bucher, David F., Hammad, Amin, Ghelmani, Ali, Luo, Hanbin, Yaun, Jiameng, Chen, Weiya, Bolourian, Neshat, Wei, Yi, Kim, Daeho, Saffari, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Tohidifar, Ali, Gade, Peter, Chronopoulos, Christos, Harichandran, Aparna, Dawood, Nashwan, Rahimian, Farzad Pour, Elghaish, Faris, Matarneh, Sandra, Wang, Wei, Zhu, Shiyang, Ungureanu, Lucian, Chacón, Roland, Ibrahim, Ahmed, Jensen, Frederik, Esterle, Lukas, Blut, Timothy, Fan, G., and Liu, Pengkun

Abstract

This publication is the Proceedings of the 29th EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering from July 6-8, 2022. The EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering brings together international experts working on the interface between advanced computing and modern engineering challenges. Many engineering tasks require open-world resolution of challenges such as supporting multi-actor collaboration, coping with approximate models, providing effective engineer-computer interaction, search in multi-dimensional solution spaces, accommodating uncertainty, including specialist domain knowledge, performing sensor-data interpretation and dealing with incomplete knowledge. While results from computer science provide much initial support for resolution, adaptation is unavoidable and most importantly, feedback from addressing engineering challenges drives fundamental computer-science research. Competence and knowledge transfer goes both ways. &nbsp

Published
2022

29. Process safety for the 21st century and beyond

Author

Amyotte, Paul, Cameron, Ian, Considine, Mike, Grounds, Cheryl, Gupta, Jai, Hackitt, Judith, Hollonds, Alan, Jochum, Christian, Miyake, Atsumi, Phang, Christina, Reniers, Genserik, Schmidt, Juergen, Schwarz, Hans, Shin, Dongil, Suter, Georg, Sutherland, Vanessa Allen, Yoon, En Sup, and Zhao, Jinsong

Subjects
Economics, Engineering sciences. Technology
Published
2017

31. «Adiabatic» Temperature Rise in Systems with Gas Release.

Author

Hub, Ludwig, Suter, Georg W., and Schwaninger, Mischa

Subjects
ADIABATIC temperature, PETROLEUM refining, POWER resources, GAS producing machines, PETROLEUM production
Abstract

This paper shows that under certain conditions, adiabatic tests which are carried out in closed test containments do not reveal the "worst case" in terms of adiabatic temperature rise. If some of the products of the reaction driving the run-away are gases, the temperature of the reaction mass will increase more in open systems, where these gases can escape. This is because the residual mass which has to be heated by the reaction energy decreases. The effect depends on the kinetics, the heat capacity of the solids and the gases and on the mass fraction of non-condensable gases. The effect is particularly high for self-reactive substances and explosives. The paper presents the thermodynamic relations, which allow the identification of cases where open systems would be more conservative together with illustrative simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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32. İzmir municipality housing and zoning code analysis and representation for compliance checking

Author

Macit, Sibel, İlal, Mustafa Emre, Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat, Suter, Georg, TR131553, Macit, Sibel, İlal, Mustafa Emre, Günaydın, Hüsnü Murat, and Izmir Institute of Technology. Architecture

Subjects
Building codes, Building projects, Code compliance, Comprehensive buildings, Model approach
Abstract

20th International Workshop of the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering, EG-ICE 2013; Vienna; Austria; 1 July 2013 through 3 July 2013, Systems for code compliance checking of building projects require representation of building codes. Building codes are complex, and the development of computer implementable representations is challenging. As a case in point, this paper reports on experiences gained while modeling ̄zmir Municipality Housing and Zoning Code (IMHZcode). First, IMHZcode was analysed to understand the various types of information contained in it in order to develop a comprehensive building code model. The rules were classified according to their formalizability and self-containedness. Then, existing modeling approaches were evaluated to find the most convenient method that meets the needs for modeling IMHZcode. A key criterion used in this evaluation was ease of maintenance by non-programmers. The paper concludes with an illustrative example of the selected methodology's application within the context of IMHZcode.

Published
2013

42. Studies on Chromophore Coupling in Isolated Phycobiliproteins II. Picosecond Energy Transfer Kinetics and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectra of C-Phycocyanin from Synechococcus 6301 as a Function of the Aggregation State

Author

Holzwarth, Alfred R., Wendler, Joachim, and Suter, Georg W.

Subjects
Articles
Abstract

The fluorescence kinetics of C-Phycocyanin in the monomeric, trimeric, and hexameric aggregation states has been measured as a function of the emission wavelength with picosecond resolution using the single-photon timing technique. All the decay curves measured at the various emission wavelengths were analyzed simultaneously by a global data analysis procedure. A sum of four exponentials was required to fit the data for the monomers and trimers. Only in the case of the hexamers, a three-exponential model function proved to be nearly sufficient to describe the experimental decays. The lifetime of those fluorescence components reflecting energy transfer decreased with increasing aggregation. This is due to the increased number of efficient acceptor molecules next to a donor in the higher aggregates. In all aggregates the shortest-lived component, ranging from 50 ps for monomer to 10 ps for hexamers, is observed as a decay term (positive amplitude) at short emission wavelength. At long emission wavelength it turns into a rise term (negative amplitude). The lifetime of a second ps-component ranges from 200 ps for monomers to 50 ps for hexamers. The long-lived (ns) fluorescence is inhomogeneous in monomers and trimers, showing two lifetimes of approximately 0.6 and 1.3 ns. The latter one carries the larger amplitude. The amplitudes of the kinetic components in the fluorescence decays are presented as time-resolved component spectra. A theoretical model has been derived to rationalize the observed fluorescence kinetics. Using symmetry arguments, it is shown that the fluorescence kinetics of C-Phycocyanin is expected to be characterized by three exponential kinetic components, independent of the aggregation state. An analytical expression is derived, which allows us to gain a detailed understanding of the origin of the different kinetic components and their associated time-resolved spectra. Numerical calculations of time-resolved spectra are compared with the experimental data.

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45. Lumineszenz von Benzoaphenazin

Author

Suter, Georg Werner

Subjects
PHENAZINE AND DERIVATIVES (HETEROCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS), Chemistry, PHENAZIN UND DERIVATE (HETEROCYCLISCHE KOHLENWASSERSTOFFE), CHEMILUMINESCENCE (OPTICS), CHEMILUMINESZENZ (OPTIK)
Published
1982
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