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Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) and the effect of CI-AKI on cardiovascular outcomes after hospital discharge in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Materials We retrospectively reviewed 194 STEMI consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI to evaluate the predictors for CI-AKI and 187 survivors to examine all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. Outcomes were compared between patients with CI-AKI and those without CI-AKI, which was defined as an increase >50% or >0.5mg/dl in serum creatinine concentration within 48hours after primary PCI. Results CI-AKI occurred in 23 patients (11.9%). Multivariate analysis identified pre-procedural renal insufficiency as a predictor of CI-AKI, and this predictor was independent from hemodynamic instability and excessive contrast volume. Receiver-operator characteristics analysis demonstrated that patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≤43.6ml/min per 1.73m 2 had the potential for CI-AKI. Patients who developed CI-AKI had higher mortality and cardiovascular events than did those without CI-AKI (27.8% vs. 4.7%; log-rank P =.0003, 27.8% vs. 11.2%; log-rank P =.0181, respectively). Cox proportional hazards model analysis identified CI-AKI as the independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events [hazard ratio [HR]=5.36; P =.0076, HR=3.10; P =.0250, respectively]. Conclusions The risk of CI-AKI is increased in patients with pre-procedural renal insufficiency, and eGFR is clinically useful in the emergent setting for CI-AKI risk stratification before primary PCI.

Background: Factors that can predict the presence and number of noncalcified coronary plaques (NCP) in Japanese patients with zero coronary artery calcium scores (CACS) essentially remain undefined. Methods and Results: We assessed independent predictors of the presence and number of segments with NCP in 111 Japanese patients with zero CACS who underwent 64-slice multi-detector computed tomography at our hospital. Thirty five patients (32%) had NCP, and 24 patients (22%) had ≥ 2 NCPs. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that significant predictors for the presence of NCP were age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 - 1.11, p = 0.021), male (OR: 3.61, 95% CI 1.40 - 9.35, p = 0.008) and diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.10, 95% CI 1.02 - 9.45, p = 0.046), and those for the presence of ≥ 2 NCPs were age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.15, p = 0.007) and a current smoking habit (OR: 5.09, 95% CI 1.00 - 25.74, p = 0.049). Multiple linear regression analysis identified advanced age, male gender and diabetes mellitus as independent predictors of the number of NCPs. A novel score calculated from the above four predictors showed moderate accuracy for a diagnosis of NCP and ≥ 2 NCPs, with areas under receiver operating curves of 0.738 and 0.736, respectively. Conclusions: Male Japanese patients with zero CACS, advanced age, diabetes mellitus and a current smoking habit might have NCPs.

Background:Interatrial septum pacing (IAS-P) decreases atrial conduction delay compared with right atrial appendage pacing (RAA-P). We evaluate the atrial contraction with strain rate of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) during sinus activation or with IAS-P or RAA-P. Methods:Fifty-two patients with permanent pacemaker for sinus node disease were enrolled in the study. Twenty-three subjects were with IAS-P and 29 with RAA-P. The time from end-diastole to peak end-diastolic strain rate was measured and corrected with RR interval on electrocardiogram. It was defined as the time from end-diastole to peak end-diastolic strain rate (TSRc), and the balance between maximum and minimum TSRc at three sites (ΔTSRc) was compared during sinus activation and with pacing rhythm in each group. Results:There were no significant differences observed in general characteristics and standard echocardiographic parameters except the duration of pacing P wave between the two groups. The duration was significantly shorter in the IAS-P group compared with the RAA-P group (95 ± 34 vs 138 ± 41; P = 0.001). TSRc was significantly different between sinus activation and pacing rhythm (36.3 ± 35.7 vs 61.6 ± 36.3; P = 0.003) in the RAA-P group, whereas no significant differences were observed in the IAS-P group (25.4 ± 12.1 vs 27.7 ± 14.7; NS). During the follow-up (mean 2.4 ± 0.7 years), the incidence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) conversion to permanent AF was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions:IAS-P decreased the contraction delay on atrial TDI compared to RAA-P; however, it did not contribute to the reduction of AF incidence in the present study. (PACE 2011; 34:370–376)

斜面を写真計測して初期変位が起きた位置と大きさを効率よく検知するための仮説検定の式を導いた．斜面上に設置したターゲットを2回の時間のエポックで撮影し，変位したかを1点ずつ統計的に仮説検定する．Baardaの大誤差検知の方法であるデータスヌーピング法を適用して検定の式を導いた．2回のエポックの写真座標を同時調整し，各点の空間座標に変位のパラメータを与えることで当てはめ精度が向上したときに変位が発生したと判断する．写真座標の調整計算はフリーネットワークで行った．さらにモデル実験で方法の有効性を検証した．1m×0.5mの模型に設置したターゲット群の一部を50μm変位させ，この点が検知できることを示した．

原子力施設の高放射線環境下で稼動中の機器の多くは定期的に交換される．機器は配管により相互接続されており，機器の交換の際には関連する配管も交換される．配管の交換においては，現地にて取り合い位置を高精度で計測し，現場調整が不要な配管を製作することが必要である．従来，専用の取り合い寸法計測装置を用いて計測を行っていたが，計測後の装置が大量の放射性廃棄物となる，作業員が被ばくする，工期が長いといった問題点があった．そこで今回，デジタルカメラを用いた三次元画像計測手法による遠隔保守システムを開発し，ガラス溶融炉の遠隔交換工事に適用した．その結果，前述の問題点が解決されるとともに，日本では初めてロボットを用いた完全遠隔操作による20tクラスの大型機器の交換に成功した．

中, 大縮尺地図作成用の衛星画像標定法として, アフィン投影に基づく標定法を提案した. 衛星が安定したケプラー軌道を航行すること, および衛星画像の画角が極端に狭いことに注目し, 従来の中心投影式に代わりアフィン投影式を採用した. その結果, 中心投影式で問題となるオーバーパラメタリゼーションが回避され, 少ないパラメータで安定した標定結果を得られることを示した. この論文はアフィン投影に基づく標定法に関する理論的基礎を明確にし, SPOTおよびMOMS-2P画像を使った標定実験によって, その実用性を確認したものである. それぞれ1シーン (60km×60kmおよび50km×150km) の画像を扱い, 4点および9点の基準点で平面/高さ方向共に1画素以内の外的精度 (検証点でのRMS誤差) を達成した.

We treated patients experiencing drug-eluting stent (DES) restenosis with plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), implantation of the same type of DES [homogeneous drug-eluting stent (HOMO-DES)], or implantation of a different type of DES [heterogeneous drug-eluting stent (HETERO-DES)], and compared the efficacy and safety of these procedures for the prevention of repeated in-stent restenosis (ISR).In patients with de-novo coronary lesions, DES implantation is associated with a markedly reduced restenosis rate as compared with that associated with a bare metal stent and POBA. However, the optimal management strategy for patients with DES ISR remains unknown.We identified 191 consecutive DES ISR lesions from 183 patients who required clinically driven revascularization and divided them into three groups according to the treatment: 38 lesions were treated with POBA, 38 with HOMO-DES, and 115 with HETERO-DES.The incidence of target lesion revascularization (TLR) was 42.1% (16/38), 15.8% (6/38), and 16.5% (19/115) in the POBA, HOMO-DES, and HETERO-DES groups (POBA vs. HOMO, HETERO-DES; P=0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that diabetes [odds ratio (OR), 3.4], hemodialysis (OR, 7.74), nonfocal ISR patterns (OR, 3.35), previous myocardial infarction (OR, 3.26), and POBA (OR, 8.84) were independent predictors of TLR.A strategy involving repeated DES implantation was superior to POBA for preventing recurrent restenosis. Treatment with a different type or generation of DES does not appear to reduce the incidence of TLR. Moreover, we identified certain useful factors for facilitating appropriate and early triage in the patients with repeated DES ISR.

トンネル内空形状の計測に, ディジタルカメラを用いた画像計測法を適用した. 画像計測法自体はほぼ完成した技術であるが, トンネルへの適用方法は確立されていない. そこで撮影方法やターゲットの配置に工夫を行い, 実トンネルで実験した. 対象の直径は約7mで, 長さ15mの範囲に対して1m格子に反射ターゲットを貼り, デジタルカメラで撮影した. 同時にトータルステーションで観測した検証点の座標と画像計測の結果とを比較した. その結果, 両者の差の2乗平均は0.548mmであり実用的な精度が確認できた. トンネルへの応用についての実用的な知見および変位計測の可能性についても述べた.

Tortuous coronary arteries frequently make percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) difficult by causing less accessibility of guidewire toward the target lesion. After guidewire has been passed through the target lesion, it often assists a balloon catheter and stent system insertion along the stiff guidewire. However, artificial kinking and wrinkling might induce pseudo-narrowing of coronary arteries, which has been recognized as an "accordion phenomenon." We describe an educational case of an accordion phenomenon with ST-segment elevation of electrocardiogram and anginal chest pain when the stiff guidewire which had been withdrawn was advanced again into the distal site after deploying stents.

This paper reports the measurement of permanent ground displacements in Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake arising on Jan. 17, 1995. The measurement is executed over entire Ashiya-city by conventional aerial photogrammetry with photographs on the scale of 1:4, 000. Three-dimensional displacements of about 700 ground points and vertical displacements of about 800 manhole lids are measured by analytical stereo plotters. Estimated measurement precision is 8cm horizontally and 15cm vertically. It is observed that the directions and magnitudes of displacements are closely connected to both distance from the dike and the front water depth there in Ashiyahama reclaimed land.

Summary We present a rare autopsy case of von Recklinghausen's disease with Moyamoya vessels and arteriovenous malformation. A 58-year-old female patient suffered from dysarthria and dysphagia. On examination, Parkinson's signs, pseudobulbar palsy, and muscular weakness of the left extremity and pyramidal tract signs were observed. An enhanced brain computed tomography revealed abnormal high-density network vessels at the thalamus and midbrain. By cerebral angiography, the following changes were observed; occlusion of the right internal carotid artery at the bifurcation, and abrupt narrowing and occlusion of the left internal carotid artery at the bifurcation and siphon. A lateral vertebral arteriography revealed telangiectasia at the basilar tip. The patient died of pulmonary thromboembolism at age 61. The vessels of the circle of Willis were hypoplastic. The optic nerves, infundibulum and marnmillary body were covered with a large number of ectatic vessels. Arteriovenous malformations were observed in the bilateral occipital lobes. Histopathologically, the elastic lamina of Moyamoya vessel was conspicuously wavy and often duplicated or triplicated, and discontinued occasionally. Discontinuity of the elastic lamina of the perforating arteries and circumferential arteries supplied by the middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior CA (ACA) and posterior CA (PCA), was also occasionally observed. It is likely that the Moyamoya vessels in this patient were compensatorily formed by congenital hypoplasia of the internal artery, MCA, ACA and PCA.

The authors are now developing the GOKU digital image-based plotter for producing topographic maps from aerial photographic images. The precision of relative orientation governs the precision of plotting. For keeping the intrinsic plotting precision, the coordinates of the relative orientation points must be measured to subpixel order, because the pixel size is limited in practice. In addition, automation of coordinate measurement is much needed in order to alleviate tedious work. This paper proposes a method of semiautomatic measurement of relative orientation points with high precision and stability. Conventional correlation and least squares correlation (LSC) have previously been employed for this purpose. But the latter is unstable if used arbitrarily, and the precision obtainable by the former has been little reported. This paper examines both methods experimentally and shows that LSC is superior. It also examines the precision and stability of LSC with reference to parameters (correlation window size and degree of freedom). Since the instability of LSC is due to excessively narrow convergence domains, they are widened procedurally by using two edge extraction filters. The expected precision of the measurements as a result of this improvement is 1/3 pixel.

The SYNTAX (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score (SS) is a good predictor of adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The utility of risk stratifying patients with ACS complicated by cardiogenic

The paper briefly reviews the state of the art of researches on artificial intelligence and discusses their roll and effects on photogrammetry and remote sensing with a specific stress on the vision theories. The research trends can be classified into three : hardware-oriented researches including simulative and theoretical analyses of neural networks, realization of intellectual functions and knowledge-based systems.The purpose of an artificial vision is 3D representation of space from one or two (stereo) images. The paper reviews the history of pattern recognition, computational theory of vision and current topics of new image theories, and further discusses their applications to land cover classification by satellite images and solution of the stereo matching problem as combinatorial optimization.

Using two mAb, one specific to the alternative exon 6-dependent epitope of CD45 molecules (JH6.2) and one a natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) with an unknown reactive epitope (NTA260), we subdivided splenic CD4+ T cells from 2-month-old BALB/c mice into five phenotypically distinct subsets. CD45RC+NTA260- (S I) cells were phenotypically analogous to CD4+ T cells predominating in newborn mice and produced a significant amount of IL-2, but not so IL-4, IL-10 or IFN-gamma when stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 mAb in vitro. They appeared to consist mainly of naive ThP cells. The CD45RC+NTA260+ (S II) subset also produced IL-2, but not other cytokines; however, the IL-2 levels produced were much higher than seen with the S I subset, thereby suggesting the predominance of further maturated ThP cells. The CD45RC-NTA260+ (S III) subset mainly produced IL-4, IL-10, IFN-gamma and less IL-2, and contained memory cells that helped the secondary antibody response to a recall antigen, and hence contained Th2 and probably a mixture of Th0 and Th1 cells. The CD45RC-NTA260- (S IV) subset was a poor responder to the immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. The CD45RCbrightNTA260dull (S V) subset consisted of a small number of cells that were phenotypically analogous to activated CD4+ T cells. While an age-associated decrease in the proportion of S I and less markedly in S II and in turn increase in S III subsets of CD4+ T cells occurred in normal BALB/c mice, autoimmune disease-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice showed a marked age-associated decrease in the proportion of not only S I, II but also III subsets. As aged (NZB x NZW)F1 mice carry CD4+ T helper cells for IgG anti-DNA antibody production, such age-associated polarization to the S IV subset appears to be critical in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease in these mice.

In foregoing studies, we found a unique B cell differentiation antigen Lp-3 which is expressed on pre-B and premature B cells in the bone marrow, but is negative on bone marrow mature B cells and peripheral resting B cells. Nonetheless, Lp-3 was clearly positive on the majority of CD5 B(BI) cells. When we examined the biochemical nature and partial amino acid sequences of purified 132-kDa Lp-3 molecules and the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clones, we found that Lp-3 is an epitope of CD43. Thus, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) Lp-3 may be the first mAb to murine CD43 defined by primary target structure analysis. Comparison of tissue distribution of Lp-3 and S7, an epitope previously suggested to associate with murine CD43, showed that they were similarly distributed on thymocytes, peripheral B and T cells, granulocytes, and platelets. In the bone marrow, while both Lp-3 and S7 were negative on mature B cells, the former was positive on all B lineage cells at an early ontogeny and the latter was positive only on the minor population of pre-B cells and pro-B cells. Lp-3 and S7 epitopes also showed different distributions on basement membranes of renal glomerulus, bronchus, and endometrium, lining cells of choroid plexus and muscular cells of arterioles in a variety of tissues. As CD43 has various isoforms generated by different degrees of glycosylation of the common core peptide, it is likely that Lp-3 and S7 are associated with different CD43 isoforms.

計測と熱物性とは密接な関係にある。 特に、 計測標準の分野では熱物性が係わるケースも多く、 標準には熱物性を利用する量が多々ある。 標準と熱物性とではデータの扱い等でも共通する面が多く、 精度評価等に関するデータの扱いでは両者が一致することを要する。 本解説では、 計測標準の観点から熱物性との係わりを紹介し、 両者に共通する精度評価に関する諸問題について概説する。

Aerial architecture in higher plants is dependent on the activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and axillary meristems (AMs). The SAM produces a main shoot and leaf primordia, while AMs are generated at the axils of leaf primordia and give rise to branches and flowers. Therefore, the formation of AMs is a critical step in the construction of plant architecture. Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) lax panicle2 (lax2) mutant, which has altered AM formation. LAX2 regulates the branching of the aboveground parts of a rice plant throughout plant development, except for the primary branch in the panicle. The lax2 mutant is similar to lax panicle1 (lax1) in that it lacks an AM in most of the lateral branching of the panicle and has a reduced number of AMs at the vegetative stage. The lax1 lax2 double mutant synergistically enhances the reduced-branching phenotype, indicating the presence of multiple pathways for branching. LAX2 encodes a nuclear protein that contains a plant-specific conserved domain and physically interacts with LAX1. We propose that LAX2 is a novel factor that acts together with LAX1 in rice to regulate the process of AM formation.

任意の座標系 (モデル座標系または対象空間座標系) に関する写真の外部標定要素と対象点の座標の近似値を自動計算する手法を開発した. 方法の基本は線形の共面条件式による相互標定の回転行列の決定、および角度要素への分解である. これによってつぎのことが可能になった. (1) めんどうな標定作業が半自動化できる. (2) 絶対基準点が無くてもカメラキャリブレーションや現場計測ができる.

A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for a continuous heart murmur in the fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border. Routine echocardiography demonstrated aneurismal dilatation at the origin of right coronary artery. These findings suggested a coronary artery fistula, although its drainage site could not be identified. By shifting the patient to the right decubitus position, we could observe an abnormal color Doppler signal going from the right coronary artery into the right atrium, confirming coronary artery fistula. The right decubitus position may be helpful for the evaluation of abnormal anatomic and auscultatory findings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2011.

Coronary artery fistulas, including coronary pulmonary fistulas, are usually discovered accidently among the adult population when undergoing invasive coronary angiographies. We report here a 58-year-old woman with dual fistulas originating from the left anterior descending coronary artery and right coronary sinus to the main pulmonary artery, demonstrating noninvasively with multidetector-computed tomography (MDCT) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).

Although murine peritoneal B cells were homogenously positive for an epitope Lp-2, coded for by the alternative exon 4 of the CD45 gene, they were heterogenous with respect to the expression of another CD45R epitope, 6B2, of unknown exon dependency. While the majority of 6B2-high peritoneal B cells was composed of CD5 − B cells, those with low or negative 6B2 were CD5 + B cells. Both 6B2 + and 6B2 − peritoneal B cells expressed mainly the same largest CD45R transcripts, with all three alternative exon (4, 5, and 6) sequences. Further, a CD5 + B lymphoma cell line, BCL-1, which was found to be Lp-2 + 6B2 − also had the largest isoform of CD45R molecules with all three alternate structures. Although enzyme digestion studies suggested that the 6B2 epitope resides in protein, not in sugar structures, it is likely that a post-translational modification of CD45R molecules is responsible for the presence or absence of 6B2 epitope expression on peritoneal CD5 + B cells. This event may be related to the differential role of CD45R molecules in regulating lymphocyte function.

Spinal evoked potentials from cervical skin surface (surface spinal evoked potentials) were measured to evaluate spinal cord function as a convenient method that precludes inserting electrodes into the epidural space, and results were compared with those of the former epidural recording method. Surface spinal evoked potentials were obtained from cervical skin surface over the C3, C5, and C7 spinous processes after median nerve stimulation in 18 normal subjects and 37 patients with a cervical lesion. In normal subjects, surface spinal evoked potentials consisted of three negative waves (N1, N2, N3). Abnormal N2 (80%) and abnormal N3 (100%) were observed in cervical myelopathy, and abnormal N2 was observed only in radiculopathy; this allows for differentiation between myelopathy and radiculopathy. Comparing preoperative and postoperative surface spinal evoked potentials, it was seen that improvement of clinical symptoms was proportional to that of surface spinal evoked potentials.

We prepared a novel rat mAb specific for CD45 molecules bearing the epitope coded for by the alternative exon 6 of the murine CD45 gene (CD45RC). Together with available mAbs to alternative exon 4- and 5-dependent epitopes (CD45RA and CD45RB respectively), we found that the three alternative exons show differential expressions on murine lymphocytes. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that although B cells were homogeneously CD45RA+B+C+, the CD4+ T cells clearly included two populations, CD45RA-B+C- and CD45RA-B+C+. The CD8+ T cells were separated into CD45RA-B+C+ and CD45RA+B+C+ populations. Such features of epitope expression on the cell surface correlate well with message levels of corresponding alternative exons. In the CD4+ T cells, messages of alternative exons were associated with either one or two exon forms of the CD45 transcript. In CD8+ T cells, there were transcripts with one, two, or three alternative exons. When stimulated by an immobilized CD3 mAb, the CD45RC+CD4+ T cell subset preferentially secreted IL-2 and CD45RC-CD4+ T cells produced IL-4. Upon stimulation with concanavalin A, CD45RC-CD4+ T cells converted to CD45RC+ cells, and the level of CD45RC expression on the CD45RC+CD4+ T cell subset was up-regulated. These changes were unidirectional and irreversible. Therefore, differential expression of CD45RC probably delineates the functional heterogeneity of murine CD4+ T cells that is associated with the stages of CD4+ T cell maturation or activation.

We compared the effects of telmisartan and olmesartan in 20 patients with chronic heart failure and metabolic syndrome. The subjects underwent once-daily 40 mg telmisartan for at least 3 months before switching to once-daily 20 mg olmesartan for the next 3 months (post 1). They were then treated with 3 months of once-daily 40 mg telmisartan (post 2). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the early morning, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide, serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were increased at post 1 (p

The NATM, a widely used tunnel excavation method, requires precise periodical monitoring of deformations especially at fault zones, which tends to hamper traffics with conventional measurement means. In this paper vision metrology was applied to tunnel profile measurement with a view to developing a new method. Two hundred of Retro-targets are placed on a one-meter spacing lattice at a tunnel site of 7m in diameter and 15m in longitude, and 66 images were taken to cover the target field. The object space coordinates of targets obtained by bundle adjustment were compared with ones obtained by high-precision total station observation. The root mean square ( RMS ) of differences of coordinates was 0.548mm, which is precise enough for monitoring deformations for the NATM.

SUMMARY Seven-color analyses of immunofluorescence-stained tissue samples were accomplished using Fourier spectroscopy-based hyperspectral imaging and singular value decomposition. This system consists of a combination of seven fluorescent dyes, three filter-sets, an epifluorescence microscope, a spectral imaging system, a computer for data acquisition, and data analysis software. The spectra of all pixels in a multicolor image were taken simultaneously using a Sagnac type interferometer. The spectra were deconvolved to estimate the contribution of each component dye, and individual dye images were constructed based on the intensities of assigned signals. To obtain mixed spectra, three filter sets, i.e., Bl, Gr, and Rd for Alexa488 and Alexa532, for Alexa546, Alexa568, and Alexa594, and for Cy5 and Cy5.5, respectively, were used for simultaneous excitation of two or three dyes. These fluorophores have considerable spectral overlap which precludes their separation by conventional analysis. We resolved their relative contributions to the fluorescent signal by a method involving linear unmixing based on singular value decomposition of the matrices consisting of dye spectra. Analyses of mouse thymic tissues stained with seven different fluorescent dyes provided clear independent images, and any combination of two or three individual dye images could be used for constructing multicolor images.

A 20-year-old man presented with generalized acquired anhidrosis and heat intolerance which was confirmed by a sweat test. Other clinical features included severe pain of the extremities and cutaneous angiokeratomas. On electronmicroscopy, granules specific for Fabry'sdisease were observed in the endothelial cells. Biochemical examination revealed a decreased level of serum α-galactosidase A. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of Fabry's disease.(Internal Medicine 31 : 682-685, 1992)

We attempted to develop a method for investigating impairment of synaptogenesis quantitatively involving measurement of the fluorescence intensity emitted by immunohistochemically stained rat brain using a monoclonal antibody (Mab 171B5) against a synaptic vesicle protein (SVP-38). We applied this method to congenitally hydrocephalic and non-hydrocephalic brains of HTX-rats, and compared the postnatal changes in the fluorescence intensity in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex. In non-hydrocephalic HTX-rats, the fluorescence intensity remained nearly unchanged from the 1st to 7th postnatal day and then increased at an almost linear rate until the 21st postnatal day, when it reached 4.5 times the value on the 7th postnatal day. The increase thereafter was gradual until the 28th postnatal day. In hydrocephalic HTX-rats, the fluorescence intensity increased nearly in parallel with that in non-hydrocephalic HTX-rats up to the 21st postnatal day. On the 28th postnatal day, the fluorescence intensity showed a marked reduction (P less than 0.01). This finding indicates that despite the presence of continuous pressure due to progressive ventricular dilatation after birth, synaptogenesis in the cerebral cortex may be relatively resilient.

画像計測法を斜面の変位の検知に応用し, 要求される計測精度 (ターゲットの空間座標の標準偏差) と計測感度 (第1種, 第2種の誤り確率のバランス), 及び計測の信頼性 (大誤差を検知できる観測の冗長度) を与える撮影形態を議論した. これら計測の品質に影響する観測網の強さを評価する一連の式を導き, 幅30mの斜面において2mm程度の変位を検知できる撮影形態を, 現実的な候補をあげて評価した. 評価は模型を作って行い, 3箇所から4枚ずつ計12枚の撮影でほぼこの条件を満たす精度, 感度, 信頼性が得られることが分かった.