Search

The case of echinococcosis in the stage of cystic generalization which was't diagnosed during patient address to the polyclinic where at first physicians suspected tuberculosis then kidney cancer with metastasis in hepar and lungs so this the patient was denied to be operated, to be given hama- and chemotherapy.

New approach for decision making concerning conduction of surgical treatment of the patients with pleuropulmonary diseases is proposed. This approach especially important in differential diagnosis of dissemination of obscure etiology. He is based on usage of a new screening diagnostic method "Oncotest", which intends setting of photohistochemical reaction in the blood smears, sections and serum for detection of biomolecular markers of cancer. Results of oncotesting of 172 patients with various pleuropulmonary diseases are analyzed. Application of a new approach permits to administer to the patient surgical or endoscopic intervention timely.

Six patients with carcinosarcoma were observed in the clinic. In 4 patients with roentgenological signs of tumor were determined and in 2--the signs of pleuritis. The diagnosis was established after pulmonary resection performance or after thoracoscopy with pleural biopsy conduction.

The proposed method for tumor screening ("Oncotest") is based on detecting substances (calcium-histone complexes) in the human blood which are markers of malignant neoplasia. Using "Oncotest" in a series of 5411 cases, we identified malignant tumors of various histogenesis (cancer, sarcoma) arising in different sites in 69 cases. "Oncotest" is especially important for early (pre-clinical) detection of malignant neoplasms during preventive population screenings.

Efficiency of tocopherol, its analog with a shortened side chain as well as their quinons for tuberculosis was determined. All the studied compounds inhibited peroxide-formation processes in the liver homogenate and mitochondria. The vitamin E amount in the blood is considerably decreased in case of tuberculosis. The studied analogs increased its content and possessed a weak tuberculostatic but expressed antiedemic and antiinflammatory action. Administration of vitamin E in combination with isoniazid to sick animals had a favourable effect on the processes of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. If taking a sum of characters, tocopherol acetate with a shortened side chain is the most efficient of all the analogs under study for the tuberculosis therapy.

The efficacy of a combined use of isoniazid together with polyzid prolonged tuberculostatic and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites was experimentally studied in guinea pigs. Mortality rates, pathomorphologic test data and the extent of tuberculous affection in the animals confirm a fairly high efficacy of prolonged polyzid in combination with succinate and malate as pathogenetic drugs.

A procedure of polychromatic analysis (PA) was improved by using light filter occular attachments. In 154 patients, including those with pulmonary tuberculosis (101) and sarcoidosis (53), a diagnostic effectiveness of a traditional bronchoscopy is compared to that with PA, including morphoendoscopic comparison. As against traditional bronchoscopy, PA made it possible to find out in 34.8% an additional number of non-specific endobronchitis cases accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis, and at the same time to approach in 90.2% an endoscopic diagnosis to a pathomorphologic one. In several patients the authors managed to additionally distinguish by means of PA infiltrative bronchial tuberculosis of tuberous type. In pulmonary sarcoidosis the use of PA also allowed to increase a diagnostic effectiveness of the traditional bronchoscopy.

The time course of tuberculin reactions during isoniazid treatment was studied on 10 guinea pigs with experimental tuberculosis. Linear, temperature and histological characteristics of papules were investigated. Thermographic estimation of papules was performed with cholesteric liquid crystal films. For pathohistological examination a new histochemical method developed at the Kiev Research Institute of Phthisiology and pulmonology on the basis of trimethine dyes of the oxanol class of organic solvents (with PK-144) was used along with the routine procedures. A decrease in the temperature gradient (difference of temperatures over papules and the symmetric areas of the skin on the other side of the animal body) was stated irrespective of the papule linear size. The thermographic method for estimating tuberculin reactions based on pathophysiological processes in papules during isoniazid treatment for 2.5 months proved to be a finer procedure for evaluating tuberculin papules than measuring their linear size.

The paper concerns rare forms of pulmonary thesaurismosis which are a frequent cause of misdiagnosis: 5 cases of alveolar proteinosis and 1 with alveolar microlithiasis are reported. Lung biopsy (open or transbronchial) is indicated for verification of the diagnosis. Further investigations to try radical therapy of the disease are needed in view of short-term effects of commonly used bronchoalveolar lavage, endolymphatic chymotrypsin in combination with heparin.