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This study investigates the cytotoxicity of various orthodontic archwires, which are essential in directing tooth movement through biomechanical forces. With advancements in material science, different archwire materials have been developed to balance mechanical performance with aesthetic and biological considerations. The study focuses on evaluating the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of stainless steel, nickel–titanium, and chromium–cobalt archwires, particularly their cytotoxic effects on oral cavity cells. In vitro cell culture experiments with fibroblasts, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, were conducted to assess cell viability and morphology. The results revealed significant differences in cytotoxicity, with copper wires showing high toxicity and causing extensive cell death, while nickel–titanium and chromium–cobalt wires supported better cell viability and healthier cell morphology. These findings highlight the importance of selecting archwire materials that ensure mechanical efficiency without compromising cellular health, emphasizing the need for ongoing assessment of material biocompatibility in the oral environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective. The use of cannabinoids, particularly Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), in dentistry has gained attention due to their therapeutic potential and complex pharmacokinetics. These cannabinoids interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are crucial for managing pain, inflammation, and immune responses in oral health. This review examines the impact of cannabinoids on oral health, focusing on their therapeutic benefits and potential adverse effects in treating oral diseases. Review Methods. The literature review utilized databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar, covering sources from 2003 - 2024. Key words included 'cannabinoids', 'oral health', 'THC', 'CBD', 'pharmacokinetics', 'marijuana adverse effects', 'periodontal disease', 'oral mucositis', 'dental pain management', and 'oral cancer'. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, clinical trials, case studies, and reviews involving human subjects or relevant animal models. Brief description of the state of knowledge. Cannabinoids show promising therapeutic benefits, especially antiinflammatory and analgesic effects, especially for treating chronic oral pain. However, adverse effects, such as increased risks of dental caries, periodontal disease, and potential oral cancers, have been noted, particularly with smoking. This complexity highlights the need for comprehensive studies to establish the efficacy and safety of cannabinoid use. Summary. While cannabinoids hold potential for innovative dental treatments, their varying impacts due to different consumption methods and interactions with the oral microbiome necessitate further research. Future studies should focus on clarifying the clinical implications of cannabinoid use in dentistry for safe integration into healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]