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2. Efficient and Thermally Stable Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells by Dual‐Source Vacuum Deposition

Author

Gil‐Escrig, Lidón, primary, Susic, Isidora, additional, Doğan, İlker, additional, Zardetto, Valerio, additional, Najafi, Mehrdad, additional, Zhang, Dong, additional, Veenstra, Sjoerd, additional, Sedani, Salar, additional, Arikan, Bulent, additional, Yerci, Selcuk, additional, Bolink, Henk J., additional, and Sessolo, Michele, additional

Published
2023
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5. Intrinsic Organic Semiconductors as Hole Transport Layers in p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Susic, Isidora, Zanoni, Kassio P. S., Paliwal, Abhyuday, Kaya, Ismail C., Hawash, Zafer, Sessolo, Michele, Moons, Ellen, Bolink, Henk J., Susic, Isidora, Zanoni, Kassio P. S., Paliwal, Abhyuday, Kaya, Ismail C., Hawash, Zafer, Sessolo, Michele, Moons, Ellen, and Bolink, Henk J.

Abstract

Thin polymeric and small-molecular-weight organic semiconductors are widely employed as hole transport layers (HTLs) in perovskite solar cells. To ensure ohmic contact with the electrodes, the use of doping or additional high work function (WF) interlayer is common. In some cases, however, intrinsic organic semiconductors can be used without any additive or buffer layers, although their thickness must be tuned to ensure selective and ohmic hole transport. Herein, the characteristics of thin HTLs in vacuum-deposited perovskite solar cells are studied, and it is found that only very thin (<5 nm) HTLs readily result inhigh-performing devices, as the HTL acts as a WF enhancer while still ensuring selective hole transfer, as suggested by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe measurements. For thicker films (>= 5 nm), a dynamic behavior for consecutive electrical measurements is observed, a phenomenon which is also common to other widely used HTLs. Finally, it is found that despite their glass transition temperature, small-molecule HTLs lead to thermally unstable solar cells, asopposed to polymeric materials. The origin of the degradation is still not clear, but might be related to chemical reactions/diffusion at the HTL/perovskite interface, in detriment of the device stability

Published
2022
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9. Combinatorial Vacuum‐Deposition of Wide Bandgap Perovskite Films and Solar Cells.

Author

Susic, Isidora, Kama, Adi, Gil‐Escrig, Lidón, Dreessen, Chris, Palazon, Francisco, Cahen, David, Sessolo, Michele, and Bolink, Henk J.

Subjects
SOLAR cells, PEROVSKITE, VACUUM deposition, LEAD time (Supply chain management), PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
Abstract

The development of vacuum‐deposited perovskite materials and devices is partially slowed down by the minor research effort in this direction, due to the high cost of the required research tools. But there is also another factor, thermal co‐deposition in high vacuum involves the simultaneous sublimation of several precursors with an overall deposition rate in the range of few Å s−1. This leads to a deposition time of hours with only a single set of process parameters per batch, hence to a long timeframe to optimize even a single perovskite composition. Here we report the combinatorial vacuum deposition of wide bandgap perovskites using 4 sources and a non‐rotating sample holder. By using small pixel substrates, more than 100 solar cells can be produced with different perovskite absorbers in a single deposition run. The materials are characterized by spatially resolved methods, including optical, morphological, and structural techniques. By fine‐tuning of the deposition rates, the gradient can be altered and the best‐performing formulations in standard depositions with rotation can be reproduced. This is viewed as an approach that can serve as a basis to prototype other compositions, overcoming the current limitations of vacuum deposition as a research tool for perovskite films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. Remote Modification of Bidentate Phosphane Ligands Controlling the Photonic Properties in Their Complexes: Enhanced Performance of [Cu(RN‐xantphos)(N ^ N)][PF 6 ] in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Author

Arnosti, Nina, primary, Brunner, Fabian, additional, Susic, Isidora, additional, Keller, Sarah, additional, Junquera‐Hernández, José M., additional, Prescimone, Alessandro, additional, Bolink, Henk J., additional, Sessolo, Michele, additional, Ortí, Enrique, additional, Housecroft, Catherine E., additional, and Constable, Edwin C., additional

Published
2020
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13. Remote modification of bidentate phosphane ligands controlling the photonic properties in their complexes: Enhanced performance of [Cu(RN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] in light-emitting electrochemical cells

Author

Arnosti, Nina, Brunner, Fabian, Susic, Isidora, Keller, Sarah, Junquera-Hernández, José M., Prescimone, Alessandro, Bolink, Henk, Sessolo, Michele, Ortí Guillén, Enrique, Housecroft, Catherine E., and Constable, Edwin C.

Subjects
Electroquímica, Materials
Abstract

A series of copper(I) complexes of the type [Cu(HN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6], in which N^N = bpy, Mebpy, and Me2bpy, HN-xantphos = 4,6-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-10H-phenoxazine and BnNxantphos = 10-benzyl-4,6-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-10H-phenoxazine is described. The single crystal structures of [Cu(HN-xantphos)(Mebpy)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6] confirm the presence of N^N and P^P chelating ligands with the copper(I) atoms in distorted coordination environments. Solution electrochemical and photophysical properties of the BnNxantphos- containing compounds (for which the highest-occupied molecular orbital is located on the phenoxazine moiety) are reported. The first oxidation of [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] occurs on the BnN-xantphos ligand. Timedependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations have been used to analyze the solution absorption spectra of the [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] compounds. In the solid-state, the compounds show photoluminescence in the range 518-555 nm for [Cu(HN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and 520-575 nm for [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] with a blue-shift on going from bpy to Mebpy to Me2bpy. [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6] exhibits a solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of 55% with an excited state lifetime of 17.4 μs. Bright light-emitting electrochemical cells are obtained using this complex, and it is shown that the electroluminescence quantum yield can be enhanced by using less conducting hole injection layers.

Published
2020

14. Remote modification of bidentate phosphane ligands controlling the photonic properties in their complexes: enhanced performance of [Cu(RN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] complexes in light-emitting electrochemical cells

Author

Arnosti, Nina, Brunner, Fabian, Susic, Isidora, Keller, Sarah, Junquera-Hernández, José M., Prescimone, Alessandro, Bolink, Henk J., Sessolo, Michele, Orti, Enrique, Housecroft, Catherine E., and Constable, Edwin C.

Abstract

A series of copper(I) complexes of the type [Cu(HN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6], in which N^N = bpy, Mebpy and Me2bpy, HN-xantphos = 4,6-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-10H-phenoxazine and BnN-xantphos = 10-benzyl-4,6-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)-10H-phenoxazine is described. The single crystal structures of [Cu(HN-xantphos)(Mebpy)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6] confirm the presence of N^N and P^P chelating ligands with the copper(I) atoms in distorted coordination environments. Solution electrochemical and photophysical properties of the BnN-xantphos-containing compounds (for which the highest-occupied molecular orbital is located on the phenoxazine moiety) are reported. The first oxidation of [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] occurs on the BnN-xantphos ligand. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations have been used to analyze the solution absorption spectra of the [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] compounds. In the solid-state, the compounds show photoluminescence in the range 518-555 nm for [Cu(HN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and 520-575 nm for [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] with a blue-shift on going from bpy to Mebpy to Me2bpy. [Cu(BnN-xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6] exhibits a solid-state photoluminescence quantum yield of 55% with an excited state lifetime of 17.4 µs. Bright light-emitting electrochemical cells were obtained using this complex, and we show that the electroluminescence quantum yield can be enhanced by using less conducting hole injection layers

Published
2020

15. Remote Modification of Bidentate Phosphane Ligands Controlling the Photonic Properties in Their Complexes: Enhanced Performance of [Cu(RN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells.

Author

Arnosti, Nina, Brunner, Fabian, Susic, Isidora, Keller, Sarah, Junquera‐Hernández, José M., Prescimone, Alessandro, Bolink, Henk J., Sessolo, Michele, Ortí, Enrique, Housecroft, Catherine E., and Constable, Edwin C.

Subjects
TIME-dependent density functional theory, LIGANDS (Chemistry), MOLECULAR orbitals, ELECTRIC batteries, COORDINATION polymers, ABSORPTION spectra, EXCITED states
Abstract

A series of copper(I) complexes of the type [Cu(HN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6], in which N^N = bpy, Mebpy, and Me2bpy, HN‐xantphos = 4,6‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine and BnN‐xantphos = 10‐benzyl‐4,6‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine is described. The single crystal structures of [Cu(HN‐xantphos)(Mebpy)][PF6] and [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6] confirm the presence of N^N and P^P chelating ligands with the copper(I) atoms in distorted coordination environments. Solution electrochemical and photophysical properties of the BnN‐xantphos‐containing compounds (for which the highest‐occupied molecular orbital is located on the phenoxazine moiety) are reported. The first oxidation of [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] occurs on the BnN‐xantphos ligand. Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations have been used to analyze the solution absorption spectra of the [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] compounds. In the solid‐state, the compounds show photoluminescence in the range 518–555 nm for [Cu(HN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] and 520–575 nm for [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(N^N)][PF6] with a blue‐shift on going from bpy to Mebpy to Me2bpy. [Cu(BnN‐xantphos)(Me2bpy)][PF6] exhibits a solid‐state photoluminescence quantum yield of 55% with an excited state lifetime of 17.4 µs. Bright light‐emitting electrochemical cells are obtained using this complex, and it is shown that the electroluminescence quantum yield can be enhanced by using less conducting hole injection layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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