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Indian mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) constitutes an authoritative group of mustard crops in India. Evaluation of genetic diversity is a vivacious component of mustard breeding programmes for efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. In present study, 77 microsatellite markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity of 75 Indian mustard genotypes. Results revealed positive amplification for all SSRs, with 21 SSRs exhibiting polymorphic amplicons. A total of 99 alleles, ranging from 3 to 5 with an average of 4.71 alleles per SSR marker were obtained. The major allele frequency varied between 0.26 (cnu/m616) and 0.56 (ENA28F) with an average value of 0.36. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.67 and ranged between 0.43 (ENA28F) and 0.76 (gi258660710gbGT071338.1). Mean value of 0.72 was detected for each pair of SSR primers, with the gene diversity per locus ranging between 0.53 (ENA28F) and 0.79 (gi258660710gbGT071338.1). The dendrogram grouped the 75 genotypes into three main clusters or subpopulations based on Unweighted Neighbour-Joining technique. The study revealed better understanding of the genetic diversity among different Indian mustard genotypes using genomic-SSR markers that could be exploited for the genetic improvement of the crop.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important legumes in the developed as well as developing countries of the world due to its amazing source of dietary proteins. The present experiment was conducted at Research Farm, RVSKVV, College of Agriculture; Gwalior (M.P.). Forty chickpea genotypes were evaluated during Rabi 2020-21 in Randomized block design with two replications. The samples were analyzed for the analysis of peroxidase, Superoxide Dismutase and some of the key biomolecules like total sugars and proline content. The Total sugar ranged from 16.8 mgg-1 (RVSVT PS-2019- 201) to 24.9 mgg-1 (RVSVT PS-2019- 214), proline varied from 1.49 μmolg-1 (RVSVTK-2019- 104) to 2.91 μmolg-1 (RVSVT PS-2019- 213), superoxide dismutase ranged from 8.2 nmolg-1 (RVSVT PS-2019- 211) to 20.1nmolg-1 (RVSVT PS-2019- 205) and lipid peroxide varied from 1.04 nmolg-1 (RVSVTK-2019-101) to 1.92 nmolg-1 (RVSVTD-2019- 4, RVSVTD-2019- 10). Findings of the present investigation may help to choose better genotypes with useful biochemical contents for future crop improvement.

The primary goal of every plant breeder is to identify gene alleles and then use them in crop improvement programmes. If there is no population variation, there cannot be a breeding programme. Breeders need a lot of labour and money to screen germplasm for a desired gene. Additionally, these screenings are compliant with environmental effects. The method of "allele mining" is employed to identify suitable alleles of a candidate gene affecting important agronomic properties or naturally occurring allelic variations. TILLING and Eco-TILLING are the ideal solutions to this issue for allele mining. A technique known as "tilling" uses mutagens to introduce new diversity in a specific allele. Then, different sequencers are used to screen the diversity in a gene to identify different mutations. The best mutant among them can then be directly used in breeding programmes. In a modified version, alleles of a gene that are present in the population are identified by screening natural populations. Eco-TILLING is the name of this fresh iteration of the technology. The generation of novel haplotypes, the use of molecular markers to characterize genetic diversity and the syntenic links across crop genotypes, as well as marker-assisted selection are just a few of the many applications of allele mining in agriculture and crop improvement. Many genes may be found and used in the breeding of many crop species using these reverse genetics techniques.Allele mining

The present investigation was conducted using 102 wheat genotypes at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Gwalior during Rabi 2018-2019 in randomized block design with two replications. A set of 102 wheat genotype were used to estimate genetic variability, correlation coefficients and path coefficients for fourteen yield and its accrediting attributes. A wide range of variation was observed for important yield components. GCV and PCV was recorded highest for biological yield/plant. High heritability accompanied with higher genetic advance for numbers of productive tillers/plants, spike length, weight of spike, numbers of grains/spike, weight of grains/spike, biological yield/plant, grain yield/plant, harvest index and test weight. Genotypic correlation coefficients were found to be higher in magnitude than that of phenotypic correlation coefficients for most of the traits under investigation, which clearly indicated the presence of inherent association among various characters. The genotypic correlation analysis in the present study observed significant positive association for grain yield with five yield contributing characters viz., numbers of productive tillers/plant, biological yield/plant, weight of grains/spike, weight of spike and numbers of grain/spike. Thus, selection for these characters would be directly follow the immediate improvement of the grain yield for wheat crop. Analysis of phenotypic path coefficient for various traits on grain yield disclosed highest positive direct effect on grain yield for numbers of productive tillers/plant tracked by biological yield/plant, weight of grains/spike, test weight, harvest index, numbers of grains/spike and numbers of spikelets/spike. Whilst, highest positive indirect effect on grain yield was documented for biological yield per plant via numbers of productive tillers/plants. Henceforward, these traits must be given weightage in selection for the improvement of wheat in future breeding programmes.

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. & Coss) is a natural amphidiploid which is the greatest pre-dominating crop of oilseed Brassica group. A study was undertaken to estimate the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and its contributing traits in 75 mustard genotypes grown in Randomized Block Design with two replications. The analysis of variance was highly significant for all the characters investigated. All thirteen characters were showed higher values of phenotypic coefficients of variation than genotypic coefficients of variation. The higher heritability in broad sense was estimated for all the characters. High value of heritability indicates that it may be due to higher contribution of genotypic components. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of means were recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number(s) of secondary branches per plant, length of main raceme (cm), siliquae length (cm), seed yield per plant (g), yield per plot (g), harvest index and biological yield that indicated predominance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. The higher direct positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations for the biological yield, numbers of primary branches, numbers of siliquae on main raceme and numbers of secondary branches were documented. Whereas, days to maturity and siliquae length showed direct negative correlations with grain yield. Seventy-five genotypes, included in study were grouped into 6 clusters. The maximum inter cluster D2 value indicated that genotypes of cluster III and IV are not so closely related while the genotypes of cluster I and III are closely related. It is apparent therefore; the genotypes of various clusters differ so significantly with regards to their relative genetic distance as indicated from the high variation of D2 values. This makes it clear that the genotypes included in these clusters have a wide range of genetic diversity and may be used in a mustard hybridization programme to develop higher yielding cultivars.

The present investigation Comprises 34 advanced breeding lines including checks of bread wheat and experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with three replications at the research farm department of genetics and plant breeding, RVSKVV, B.M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa during Rabi season (November 2021 to April 2022) for estimation of the multivariate analysis of divergence. The advanced breeding lines were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster III contained the highest number of advanced breeding lines(12) and clusters V, VI, and VII contained the lowest (1 each). The inter-cluster distance in most cases was larger than the intra cluster distance which indicated that wider diversity is present among the advanced breeding lines of distant grouped. The highest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster IV revealed maximum genetic divergence among its constituents. The highest inter-cluster distance was found between cluster VI and VII and the lowest was between cluster V and VI. Highest cluster mean exhibited in cluster VII for most of the agro-morphological traits i.e. number of tillers/plant, spike length, spike weight, number of grain/spike followed by cluster II for grain filling period, days to maturity and plant height. On the basis of genetic diversity analysis, maximum percent contribution towards genetic divergence in 34 advanced breeding lines were found in grain filling period, days to maturity, number of grain/spike, days to 50% flowering, biological yield per plant and harvest index. Such differences in the genetic component of traits studied in the manuscript can be applied as a source of variation in other breeding programmes and crossing nurseries for wheat improvement.

Chickpea is an important legume crop owing to their nutritional worth. Due to the increasing population issue, it is needed to maintain the productivity of chickpeas to fulfill the requirements. At present, the main constraints in chickpea production are the Fusarium wilt disease. Forty genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) including RVG-203 as check variety were screened against Fusarium wilt resistance using six gene-based markers. Out of which five STMS markers showed polymorphism and amplified the alleles linked to resistance and susceptibility to Fusarium wilt disease in chickpea genotypes. The highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value was obtained with STMS Marker TR-29 and the least with STMS Marker TR-19. Based on molecular characterization, the genotypes produced similar allele as produced in the check variety RVG-203 and were identified as sources of resistance against Fusarium wilt. The results obtained in the present study open a window to use these genotypes as donor parents for the development of Fusarium wilt-resistant chickpea varieties through hybridization programs.

Twenty eight diverse genotypes sown in three different dates were screened using thirty three SSR primers. Twelve morphological characters recorded. The current study was conducted at all India Coordinated Research Project on Chickpea at R.A.K., College of Agriculture, Sehore (M.P.) during Rabi 2020-21, and 2021-22. The molecular work was carried out at Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior (M.P.). The component G×E interaction were found significant for flower initiation, days to 50% flowering, days to pod initiation, plant height, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of empty pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant. The highest gene diversity was found in TA-135 (0.7474) followed by GAA-44 (0.7219), GAA-40 (0.7015), STMS-2 (0.6939), TA-71 (0.6709), NCPGR-1 (0.6403) and TA-18 (0.3648). Based on a dendrogram all the 28 genotypes were grouped into three major clusters, in which cluster I contained 2 genotypes, cluster II contained 5 genotypes and cluster III encompassed remaining 21 genotypes. Genotypes RVG 204, JG-14, and RVSSG-61 were found stable for favourable and unfavourable sowing conditions, while ICC-4958, JG-11, JG-12, RVG-203, RVG-204, RVSSG-52, JG-74, RVSSG-71 showed consistent performance during unfavourable sowing conditions for seed yield per plant. The important traits and marker based diversity and stability has been discussed in this research paper.

Groundnut is an important oilseed crops with high nutritional values. Yield of groundnut is constrained owing to diverse biotic and abiotic factors. Amongst biotic stresses two foremost foliar fungal diseases viz., late leaf spot and rust are universal and sparingly significant. Both conventional and modern breeding methods may be applied for improvement of groundnut. The current investigation was carried out to recognize genetic variability present among different groundnut germplasm with the use of morphological characters and SSR markers with the screening of resistant to leaf spot and rust resistant genotypes. In morphological examination, the analysis of variance divulged highly substantial differences among 48 germplasm lines. Initial screening of Germplasm was tried with the use of 125 SSR markers. But, based on banding pattern, 21 markers were found to be the best and selected for amplification of whole set of genotypes. Out of 21 markers, 16 were found to be highly polymorphic. Highest PIC value (0.8196) was detected for marker S021 representing 81% diversity. SSR Markers viz., PM42, PM204, PM377, S052, S076, S078 and S078 have PIC value more than 0.5, confirms their superiority in detection of polymorphism among studied germplasm lines. UPGMA analysis assemblage all the germplasm lines into three major clusters. Most of the foliar disease resistant genotypes were grouped together with higher genetic resemblance. Polymorphic markers identified in the study may be utilized further for molecular diversity analysis and the identified resistant genotypes may be employed further for the improvement of the crop.

The experiment was conducted at Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, India to evaluate variability among 188 Indian mustard genotypes based on diverse biochemical parameters viz., palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and erucic acids along with oil content. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of substantial magnitude of variability among studied Indian mustard genotypes which suggest better possibilities for their improvement. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was found to be higher for oleic acid tracked by erucic and palmitic acids. Erucic, oleic, palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids had maximum heritability and genetic advance. Significant negative correlation of erucic acid was documented with palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Genotypic and phenotypic path coefficient analysis had the higher positive direct effect of palmitic acid on erucic acid, whereas highest negative direct effect on erucic acid was evidenced by linoleic, oleic, linolenic acids and oil percentage. Genetic divergence using Euclidean distance cluster grouped the genotypes into eighteen different clusters. Among all studied biochemical parameters, erucic acid was found to be low in 9, moderate in 57 and higher in 122 genotypes. In cluster analysis of qualitative traits, maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster 18 (Karishma) and cluster 12 (Maya). Thus, these genotypes may be utilized as parents in Indian mustard breeding scheme for improvement of diverse qualitative traits.

Punarnava Mandura a classical Herbo mineral formulation is available on the market either in tablet form or in Churna form and is frequently used for Anemia, Low Platelet count, Low RBC count, swelling around Joints, Generalized Swelling, Gout and other end toxins accumulation. It is also a diuretic and is useful in renal disorders. In renal failure, it is used with Mutrakrichantak Churna for getting good results. Used with it. This medicine is more commonly used in North Indian Ayurvedic practice. Clinical research involves investigating proposed med- ical treatments, assessing the relative benefits of competing therapies, and establishing optimal treatment combi- nations. It is the most fruitful line of approach for methods of diagnosis and treatment as described in Ayurvedic literature. Anaemia is the most common indicator used to screen for iron deficiency, the terms anaemia, iron defi- ciency, Pandu roga is known since Vedic period and Iron preparations for the treatment of Pandu Roga has also been well known since ancient times. Punarnava as name designates regeneration; it may help to decrease, the work of Kidneys as it has Mutral properties. Keywords: Punarnava Mandur, herbomineral, Anemia.

Aims and Objectives: Standardization of the concentration of encapsulation matrix and hardening solution owing to the proportion of germination to crop idyllic artificial seeds of Tinospora cordifolia followed by plantlet regeneration. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted to find out significant differences among different treatment combinations. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at Plant Tissue Culture & Genetic Transformation Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during 2017 to 2020. Methodology: A protocol was established for encapsulation of nodal segments of Tinospora cordifolia excised from 18-month-old in vitro raised plants for short- term conservation and further propagation. Diverse concentrations and combinations of gelling matrix viz., sodium alginate and complexing agent i.e., Calcium chloride were experienced to optimize combination to get uniform beads. Results: The best gel composition was accomplished employing 2.5% sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride. The maximum conversion response of encapsulated beads was achieved on Murashiage and Skoog’s medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 BAP in combination with 0.2mgl-1 NAA. Well, developed regenerated plantlets were successfully hardened, acclimatized and established first under net house conditions followed in the field. Conclusions: In this study, synthetic seed production technique in giloe (Tinospora cordifolia) has been established. Present method ensures viable strategy for multiplication, conservation and germplasm exchange through synthetic seed development.

Aim: Soybean is well-thought-out to be a major crop owing to its significant involvement as vegetable oil and protein in human diet. However, inopportunely, its production has been melodramatically declined attributable to the commonness of drought related stress. Study Design: During the present study a total of 53 soybean genotypes were selected. For molecular diversity analysis as well as validation total 12 SSR markers were used. Molecular screening of soybean genotypes was done to determine the efficiency of available markers in genetic diversity analysis as well as their validation on the basis of their association with drought tolerance gene. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during the year 2018 - 2019. Methodology: Template DNA of all 53 selected soybean genotypes extracted for molecular screening. The current investigation has been accomplished to validate the available SSR markers with their efficiency in genetic diversity analysis in a set of soybean genotypes. Results: Among applied drought tolerance gene-linked 12 SSR molecular markers, the highest genetic diversity (0.6629) was noticed in Satt520 while lowest (0.0370) was in Satt557 with an average of 0. 3746.While, the highest PIC value was 0.5887 prearranged by Satt520 and lowest 0.0363 by Satt557 with the mean worth of 0.3063. Conclusion: Dendrogram constructed on the basis of banding profile of employed markers was able to discriminate some putative drought tolerant genotypes i.e., JS97-52, JS95-60 from rest of the genotypes. The results of the present examination may donate towards enhancement of soybean genotypes to bread drought tolerant varieties.

Aim: The current investigation was commenced to investigate genetic miscellany among pearl millet genotypes based on diverse biochemical parameters interrelated to drought tolerance. Study Design: In investigation, 96 pearl millet germplasm lines were screened against drought using diverse biochemical traits. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during July 2019 to December, 2020. Methodology: Five biochemical parameters viz., chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugars, proline and protein were investigated for explanation of differences among 96 pearl millet germplasm lines in respect to drought tolerance. Results: Data of present investigation revealed the mean leaves chlorophyll at 30DAS was 2.90 mgg-1 with the range of 1.31-4.69 mgg-1, whereas chlorophyll at 60DAS was arrayed between 1.46-3.84 mgg-1with an average of 3.02 mgl-1. Carotenoid at 30DAS was ranging from 4.5-11.44 mgg-1 with an average value of 7.23 mgg-1, while carotenoid at 60DAS was recorded in range of 5.01 to 10.10 mgg-1with an average of 6.66 mgg-1. TSS was ranged between 1.10-2.20 mgg-1, proline 0.10 to 0.17 mg g-1 and protein content 9.2-16.60 mgg-1. Conclusions: According to the biochemical data a total of 16 pearl millet genotypes were found to be grouped distantly among all the genotypes. Possibility existed to be drought tolerance of these genotypes.

The Present investigation was carried out using 522 advanced breeding lines of wheat genotypes at BISA Farm, Jabalpur during Rabi, 2018-2019 in randomized block design with two replications. Analysis of variance found the significant difference between breeding lines for all the characters were studied. Appropriate variability was obtainable in the advance breeding lines under study for all the characters indicating sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was marginally higher than the respective genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters indicating thereby that there is negligible influence on the characters by the environment. GCV was high for grain yield per plant, grain weight per spike, biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike and number of effective tillers per plant. High PCV was observed for grain weight per spike followed by grain weight per plant, biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike, number of effective tillers per plant and length of main spike. High broad sense heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were obtained for number of non extruded anther per spike, anther extrusion %, visual score of anther extrusion, biomass per plot and number of productive tillers per plant.

Introduction: As an important source of nutrients to humans and animals, soybean is considered to be a major crop. Objective: The present study has been executed to identify diverse soybean genotypes on account of different morpho-physiological and microsatellite molecular markers. Study Design: Data for Morpho-physiological traits were recorded from experiment conducted under field conditions in RBD design whereas molecular work was conducted in Laboratory. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during Kharif 2018-19. Methodology: The study was conducted to document different morphological and physiological traits related to the yield and its attributing traits in soybean. Total 32 microsatellite markers were also used in laboratory to analyze the variability among soybean genotypes. Results: Morpho-physiological analysis among 53 genotypes revealed the presence of considerable level of variability. Phylogenetic tree based on morpho-physiological traits grouped the genotypes into major and minor cluster. Major cluster had fifty genotypes while minor cluster had only three genotypes. Among polymorphic 32 microsatellite markers, the highest genetic diversity (0.66) was recorded in Satt520 whilst lowest (0.037) was in Satt557 with an average of 0.35. The highest PIC value was 0.59 prearranged by Satt520 and lowest 0.036 by Satt557. An average major allele frequency was 0.69 while, an average PIC value was 0.32. Microsatellite markers-based data also grouped the genotypes into one major and one minor cluster. Conclusion: Molecular analysis based on microsatellite markers confirms the presence of genetic variability among genotypes under the investigation. Data obtained in the present investigation may contribute towards improvement of soybean genotypes to develop high yielding varieties by considering diverse genotypes with good agronomical traits in hybridization programme.

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia recondita and stem rust by Puccinia graminis triticii are among the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. The selection of genotypes carrying two or more genes using traditional host-parasite interaction is very time consuming and often not possible due to lack of isolates with specific virulence and difficulty of identifying one seedling resistance gene in the presence of another gene. Identification of molecular markers for resistance genes can facilitate selection of gene positive plants at early stage to complete the study in short time and cost effective manner. In current investigation assessment of 51 diverse genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was carried out using 16 morpho-physiological yield attributing traits. Biological yield was found highly correlated and positively significant with grain yield (r = 0.410) and spike length (r = 0.601) at 1% significant level. It was significantly correlated with number of grains per spike (r = 0.333) and canopy temperature (r = 0.325) at 5% significant level. Validation of genes Lr24, Sr31 and Sr2 in these genotypes was done using gene specific Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. The SSR marker Xgwm533 showed highest genetic diversity (0.6290) and PIC value (0.5542), whereas the SCAR primer SCS30.2 and SCSS26.1 revealed lowest gene diversity (0.1769) and PIC value (0.1612). The major allele frequency for Xgwm533 was observed (0.4706) which is lowest; while primer SCS30.2 and SCSS26.1 showed highest major gene frequency (0.9020).

Background: The prevailing methods for the genomic DNA extraction of Sclerotium rolfsii from its mycelium mat is often time consuming and yields poor quality and quantity of genomic DNA owing to presence of the outrageous magnitude of mucilage and polysaccharides. Methods: A new fast track method for DNA isolation from the resting structure (sclerotia) of S. rolfsii by modifying CTAB method deprived of supplementation of proteinase K has been standardized. Result: The protocol produced 500ng DNA from sclerotia with purity vacillating from 1.7 to 1.9 as confirmed by A260/A280 and A260/A230 spectrophotometric documentation. The DNA extracted from sclerotia commissioning protocol was efficaciously used for the further downstream reactions/process like PCR-RAPD, PCR-ISSR and ITS amplification of rDNA-ITS region.

Aim: Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (Linn.)] is the third vital oilseed crop in the world which contributes 28.6% in the production of oilseeds. Genetic diversity assessment plays a fundamental role in the preservation and improvement of the targeted plant species. Study Design: In the present investigation, 196 Indian mustard genotypes including checks were grown in the field and evaluated based on different morpho-physiological traits. Place and Duration of the Study: All the genotypes were grown in randomized block design with two replications in Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 at the experimental field of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India. Methodology: The study was conducted to record different morphological and physiological traits that play a major role in differentiating the targeted genotypes. Results: Based on the present study, the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of disparity were documented for seed yield per plant tracked by harvest index and numbers of silique per plant. Maximum heritability and genetic advance were documented for seed yield per plot tracked by harvest index, biological yield per plot, days to 50% flowering, length of the main raceme, numbers of silique per plant, seed yield per plant, numbers of seeds per silique, 1000-seed weight and numbers of silique per the main raceme. Conclusions: In principal component analysis, 15 principal components were evidenced while cluster analysis gave 16 clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was evidenced between cluster 9 and cluster 16 which suggests that the hybridization scheme considering parents from these clusters is supposed to be given a higher occurrence of better-wanted combination(s) for expansion of beneficial genetic stocks.

Background: To design future breeding programs, biochemical analysis is fundamental. Chickpea is a major protein source in India and worldwide. More than 3000 chickpea seed accessions are being maintained by Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur which demand biochemical analysis. Methods: Present study pertains multivariate analysis based on antinutritional content and their protein profile of 20 accessions of Cicer that included cultivated desi and wild. Results: The spectrum of biochemical characteristics was documented; for lectin ranged 192.19 HU/mg to 12.26 HU/mg and total proteins varied from 2.66-0.59 mg/g. SDS-PAGE appraised various bands in a molecular weight range of 3.5 to 125 kDa acknowledging genetic diversity. On the basis of present study, accession selection for future breeding programs to develop nutritionally elite chickpea cultivar can be executed.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to analyze genetic diversity among pearl millet genotypes based on drought linked morpho-physiological and microsatellite markers. Study Design: In the present investigation, 96 pearl millet germplasm lines were screened against drought using different morphological and physiological traits along with SSR markers. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during July 2019 to December, 2020. Methodology: The study was conducted to record different morphological and physiological traits related to drought tolerance and susceptibility. Thirty five microsatellite markers were also used in laboratory to analyze the variability among pearl millet genotypes under study. Results: Pearl millet genotypes were grouped according to their morpho-physiological characteristics. Among 35 SSR markers, twenty-two were successfully amplified across all germplasm lines and seven SSR markers were found to be polymorphic and fifteen markers were monomorphic. All seven polymorphic SSR markers were used consequently for amplification of all the 96 germplasm lines. The range of PIC value was 0.0939 to 0.2980 with the average of 0.2274. The highest PIC value was recorded for the markers Xibmsp26 and Xibmsp29 (0.2980), followed by Xibmsp03 (0.2392), Xibmsp29 (0.2392), Xibmsp06 (0.2289) and Xibmsp07 (0.1948) while the lowest for the marker Xibmsp01 (0.0939). The range of major allele frequency value was 0.7604 to 0.9479 with the average of 0.8363. The range of genetic diversity value was 0.0987 to 0.3644 with the average of 0.2665. Conclusions: According to the morpho-physiological data a total of 22 pearl millet genotypes were found to be grouped distantly from rest of the genotypes. These genotypes had shown their drought tolerance bahaviour however, rests of the genotypes were found to be susceptible against drought.

Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an exceedingly nutritious legume being employed for farming globally. The characterization of groundnut for genetic diversity and population structure can be used for unswerving detection of phenotype x genotype relations. Methods: The investigation was carried out with groundnut germplasm lines for nutritional and anti-nutritional profiling i.e., total sugars, proline, total amino acid, DPPH, phenol, phytic acid, flavonoid, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) along with molecular characterization and population structure analysis for early and late leaf spot diseases. Result: The heat map ranged between (-4 to 4) and represents the level of expression of diverse biochemical parameters. The genetic diversity for markers S008 and S053 ranged between 0.2293 to 0.5269 and PIC values ranged between 0.203 to 0.4224 for S008 and S053 molecular markers, respectively. The number of sub populations (K) was constructed based on maximum likelihood and delta K (dK) values subdivided into three subgroups. Employing a membership probability threshold, 31 genotypes were allocated to subgroup (SG) 1, 15 genotypes to SG 2 and rest of the genotypes was mixed proportions.