Search

Introduction: Hip and knee arthroplasty surgeries are essential for treating end-stage osteoarthritis, providing significant functional improvements. Despite a global rise in these procedures, Nepal lacks a National Joint Registry, resulting in a gap in tracking the exact number of surgeries, outcomes, and complications. This study aims to address this gap regarding the demographics of hip and knee arthroplasties in Nepal. Methods: An observational study was conducted after obtaining the ethical approval from the Nepal Health Research Council (Reference number: 2024/136) with data collected from prosthesis supplier. The study included all primary hip and knee arthroplasties performed in 2022 and 2023, excluding revision cases and those requiring mega prostheses. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel for descriptive statistics. Results: There were a total of 1259 surgeries, 916 (72.77%) total knee replacements were performed, with a female predominance of 741 (81.42%) and a median age of 67 years(IQR: 62-71). There were 343 (27.23%) total hip replacements surgeries of which 200 (58.31%) were done in males. Most surgeries 1148 (91.18%) occurred within the Kathmandu Valley. Conclusions: Total knee arthroplasty accounted for the majority of cases, showing a predominance of female patients with the majority of surgeries in the capital city.

Neuroscience is being integrated into criminal investigations, offering new opportunities for understanding, predicting, and potentially preventing criminal behavior. In Nepal, brain-mapping techniques like P300 wave tests and Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature profiling were used in a murder investigation in 2024. However, ethical concerns include privacy concerns, false positives, and the potential for false positives. Consent regarding neurobiological evidence in criminal cases is crucial, as intrusive procedures may require individuals to be informed. The legal implications of using neurobiological evidence could be severe if it serves to wrongfully accuse or convict an individual. Therefore, the use of neuroscience in criminology must be carefully balanced to ensure ethical considerations. This viewpoint interprets the potential of neuroscience in criminal investigations, addressing ethical, privacy, consent, and legal issues within the Nepal Police and criminal justice system.

Introduction: Emergency departments serve as the initial point of contact for patients with a wide range of conditions. Not all patients visiting get admitted to the hospital. The admission rate varies from 20% in the United States to 40.83% in Nepal. Given the variability in these results across different regions, there is a need to better understand the admission rates from the Emergency Department. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining ethical approval( Reference Number: 58 (6-11)E2 081/082) in the Emergency Department of a tertiary health care center. Retrospective data was collected from the data register. The data from April 2023 to April 2024 was collected. A sample size of 222 was calculated and convenience sampling was done. Demographic details like age, sex, and data regarding admission status were collected. Data was collected in MS Excel and was analyzed using JASP software. Results: Out of 222 patients that presented to the emergency department, 53 (23.87%)(18.26-29.47,95 % Confidence Interval) were admitted to the ward or intensive care unit of the hospital, whereas 167 (75.23) got discharged, 1 (0.45%) was brought dead and 1 (0.45%) expired. The median age of patients was 43 (IQR: 26-62). The admission rate of females was 20 (17.24%), whereas for males it was 33 (31.13%). Conclusions: The prevalence of admission of patients visiting the emergency department was higher than similar US based studies. There was a higher percentage of female patients presenting to theemergency department, while those being admitted were mostly males.