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Quinolin-2(1H)-ones are one of the important classes of compounds due to their prevalence in natural products and in pharmacologically useful compounds. Here we present an unconventional and hitherto unknown photocatalytic approach to their synthesis from easily available quinoline-N-oxides. This reagent free highly atom economical photocatalytic method, with low catalyst loading, high yield and no undesirable by-product, provides an efficient greener alternative to all conventional synthesis reported to date. The robustness of the methodology has been successfully demonstrated with easy scaling up to the gram scale.

A diastereoselective approach to the synthesis of berkeleylactone F is presented. The synthetic strategy is initiated with commercially available (R)-glycidol, 1,6-heptadiyne, and (R)-(+)-methyl lactate. The key feature of the approach is directional functionalization at both terminals of 1,6-heptadiyne.

Chiral polyheterocycles are one of the most frequently encountered scaffolds in natural products and in current drugs repertoire. A carbohydrate-based diversity oriented synthetic (DOS) approach has been employed for gaining access to many structurally diverse and stereochemically complex rigid polyheterocyclic molecules with multiple chiral hydroxyl groups to enhance aqueous solubility. Inexpensive chiral pool of D-Glucose has been judiciously exploited to get access of complex chiral polyheterocyclic structures using inexpensive, common achiral reagents and domino-Knoevenagel hetero-Diels-Alder (DKHDA) reaction as one of the key synthetic tools. Stereochemistry of newly generated stereocenters of polycyclic structures are unambiguously determined through NMR and X-ray crystallographic study. A chemoinformatic comparison (PCA and PMI) with 40 branded blockbuster drugs showed that newly generated polyheterocycles have good three-dimensional scaffold diversity and most of these pass the Lipinski filter of drug-likeness.

Acridines and acridinium ions are one of the important classes of compounds in terms of their usefulness in pharmaceuticals, materials, dyes and photo-catalysis. Here we present an unconventional FeCl3-alcohol catalysed one-pot method for their synthesis directly from aldehydes, 1,3-cyclohexanedione and amines. This method efficiently merged high atom-economy and diversity of multicomponent reaction with novel iron catalyzed dehydrogenation, using aerobic oxygen as the terminal oxidant, in alcoholic solvent to produce water as the only by-product. Easy scaling up of the method has been successfully demonstrated.

A metal free visible light photocatalytic oxidative aromatization of several aromatic azaheterocycles is reported using a newly developed 1,8-dimethoxy substituted acridinium ions (PC-2). With very low catalyst loading, it can photocatalyzed the oxidative dehydrogenation of differently substituted dihydropyridines, and pyrazolines to corresponding pyridines and pyrazoles in very short time and in most cases with near quantitative yield. This green photocatalytic aromatization method uses aerial oxygen as terminal oxidant to generate water as the only by-product. Scaling up experiment with 2 ​g of compound 1a, using 0.03% PC-2 catalyst loading, successfully demonstrated within 3 ​h to give 96% isolated product yield.

This paper addresses the key issues that go into the making of a heavy truck wherein steel made parts are used in the making of a chassis , so here the challenge for both for the bodyframe designer of the automobile industry and the sheet metal designer of the steel industry to come up with solutions that not only addresses problems relating to the lowering of the weight but also making it strong enough to bear enough loads taking into account changes in materials used , kinematics – differences in body angles that affects the velocity of the actions directed , how parts connected not only in the truck but also in the processes followed including changes in design and thereafter the prototypes to be tried out in the face of oncoming changes . A pentagonal framework that includes open cost modelling as well a business model that talks of creating a value streams in consonance with the changes for the uncertain future has been included.

In separation sciences, “Solvent Extraction” is one of the most important unit operations, a very widely used process, next only to distillation. In the petroleum refining industry, solvent extraction is commonly widely applied to produce a number of specialty products such as BTX, lube base oils, waxes, etc. There are many solvents used in various separation processes, like sulfolane, phenol, furfural, ketones, and N-methyl pyrollidone (NMP). NMP in particular is an environmentally benign, new generation solvent, which can be tailored for specific separations by using it in conjunction with small doses of water. In recent years, researchers are re-looking at the separation processes and their modifications to exploit these for producing high-value industrial products from low-value refinery streams. The present study deals with the production of high-quality carbon black feedstocks (CBFS) from clarified oils. The study shows the beneficial effect of using NMP in combination with different dosage...

With rising crude oil prices, coupled with tightening product specifications and environmental concerns, the refining industry will continue to see many changes during the times to come. In order to maintain/improve their margins, refiners are obliged to upgrade the low value streams into more profitable products. For upgrading the existing product slate, or manufacture of new products, huge investments are needed for new facilities. This involves logistic and proper evaluation of all the possible upgrading technologies and optimal processing schemes in order to arrive at the best option for a particular unit. This study deals with NMP extraction studies on two vacuum cuts; namely, pressible and heavy waxy distillates (PWD and HWD) for their up-gradation into raffinates of desired hydrocarbon composition and extracts of high aromaticity (BMCI). Solvent extraction studies were carried out on multistage extraction column in countercurrent mode. The water content in the solvent was optimized and kep...

Often the most cost effective way of enhancing mass transfer through improved mixing and settling of droplets in liquid-liquid extraction applied to lube systems is by way of using internals (packings). Although, such retrofits are generally performed to increase capacity, they also have been used to increase separation efficiency. Liquid extraction quite often proves to be an economical means of effecting a component separation. Packing material promotes mass transfer between the continuous and dispersed phases by forcing the phases to pass through interstices of the packings causing the dispersed phase droplets to follow a tortuous path through the packed bed. Most of the investigations in this direction have been carried out with respect to liquid and gas loadings. Commercial considerations have been the drivers to force the refineries and chemical plants to adopt new packings. However, there is room for carrying out R&D studies with respect to packings vis-a-vis lube extraction. An attempt ha...

The pressure to stay lean has made organizations to increasingly turn to the external labor market to acquire new capabilities, provide timely skills and free themselves from long-term relationships with potentially less valuable employees. The Objectives of this paper. Firstly, to find out what concerns employability and how it concerns others associated with it. Secondly, why and how can investments in employability recast HRM.

Any diverse society coming up with solutions with modern values, overriding the levels of exploration and cohesiveness of a religion3 is highly welcome. The objective of this paper is firstly to discuss how can villages woo corporates, create opportunities for business and bring about socio economic development of a region in the light of their CSR activities. Secondly where bigger plans cannot take off for want of resources, a combined number of villages can give ideas a shape Firms prioritizing compliance to profit through Management team reputation, respecting Human Rights issues ,opting for third party certification audits will charge premium and command high stock valuation. Engaging Employees where sustainability will show the money in the model. In this frame work a company is sourcing raw materials like wood or iron ore for making furniture or steel and paying royalties on the mines/plantations taken on lease for services rendered and through taxes paid to a local village government or the federation in this case (villages A,B,C and D ) for reinvestment in education, healthcare, agro diversity and sunrise sectors like Business Process Outsourcing, tourism, research labs, design and manufacturing assemblies etc . With this companies will be indirectly promoting liquidity, credit flow from the services these sectors begin to offer like provide stability to the secondary market, process re-engineering across the value chain, fight vendor consolidation risks, utilize Information Technology through cloud strategy as today businesses rather than habitability determines the growth of a township. Day by day companies read the writing on the wall that consumers are demanding more than a quality product at a low price with no window dressing when coming to values and adherence to law. Good causes like a played out mine flooded to create a lake or develop recreational facilities as the environment has value because it gives us – water, medicines, shelter and what it cannot give is open space and untrammeled wilderness. A village federation’s success depends on how much is decision making decentralized allowing access to data to make coordinated informed judgments. Consultation ,engagement, employment equity initiatives, cash profit sharing ,dual class share structure20 will show us some more interesting faces of CSR.