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The research investigates the subjective dimensions of social vulnerability of risk in inhabitants of areas exposed to flood hazards in Iquique, Chile, during the period 2019-2020. The methodology is qualitative with a case study design. The data are collected through semi-structured interviews, using the grounded theory coding process as an analysis strategy while the sample is made of 15 participants. The results are grouped into three categories: (1) actions against risk, (2) vulnerability to risk and (3) authority management. This information accounts for subjective conditions to which a differentiated evaluation is assigned, according to the perception of agentic characteristics/conditions of susceptibility and/or coping capabilities that a certain group has in a specific territorial area. Finally, the importance of promoting multidisciplinary interventions and studies that incorporate the subjective dimensions of the social vulnerability of risk, the characteristics of the territories, the environmental impact, the dangers and geological risks in the regulatory plans is postulated, which allow the authorities and communities to make better decisions in possible scenarios to promote and strengthen the understanding and reaction of communities in the post-disaster phase.

Introduction: Preterm newborns (PN) have a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction than term newborns (TN). This condition may go unnoticed in neonatal screening due to a late elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) in these patients. Objective: Evaluate thyroid function in the second week of life in PN of < 32 weeks gestation (WG), and to identify factors associated to its alteration. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was performed in neonates of < 32 weeks gestation (WG), in whom thyroid function was determined. An analysis was performed on thyroxine (T4L) and TSH levels, as well as their association with perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Results: The study included a total of 358 patients with mean gestational age (GA) of 29.3 weeks, and mean birth weight (BW) 1127 grams. A linear correlation was found between T4L and BW (correlation coefficient (R) 0.356; p < 0.001) and GA (R = 0.442; p < 0.001). TSH values were associated with small for gestational age (SGA 5.3 mU/L [1.5-37]; non-SGA 2.89 mU/L [0.2-19.5]; p < 0.001), inotropic support (Yes 3.98 mU/L [0.6-22.9]; No 3.16 mU/L [0.2-37]; p = 0.019) and BW (R = -0.249; p < 0.001). Nine (2.5%) patients were treated with levothyroxine, of whom six were SGA. Conclusions: Thyroid function analysis in the second week of life helps to identify asymptomatic newborns with risk of thyroid dysfunction. SGA newborns are at higher risk of thyroid function alterations. Resumen: Introducción: El recién nacido (RN) prematuro (RNPT) tiene mayor riesgo de disfunción tiroidea que el recién nacido a término (RNAT). Esta alteración puede pasar desapercibida en el cribado neonatal por una elevación tardía de tirotropina (TSH) en estos pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar la función tiroidea en la segunda semana de vida en RNPT menores a 32 semanas de gestación (SG) e identificar factores asociados con la alteración de esta. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio restrospectivo que incluye RNPT de igual o menos de 32 SG, a los que se realizó función tiroidea. Se analizaron los valores de tiroxina (T4L) y TSH y su relación con variables perinatales y de evolución neonatal. Resultados: Se presentaron 358 pacientes con edad gestacional (EG) mediana de 29,3 semanas y peso al nacimiento (PN) de 1.127 gramos. Se encontró correlación lineal entre T4L y el PN (coeficiente de correlación (R) 0,356; p < 0,001) y la EG (R = 0,442; p < 0,001). Los valores de TSH se asociaron con ser pequeño para la edad gestacional (PEG 5,3 mU/L [1,5 a 37]; no PEG 2,89 mU/L [0,2 a 19,5]; p < 0,001), al soporte inotrópico (Sí 3,98 mU/L [0,6 a 22,9]; No 3,16 mU/L [0,2 a 37]; p = 0,019) y al PN (R = -0,249; p < 0,001). Recibieron tratamiento sustitutivo con levotiroxina nueve pacientes (2,5%), seis de los cuales fueron PEG. Conclusiones: El análisis de la función tiroidea en la segunda semana de vida permite identificar RNPT asintomáticos con riesgo de presentar alteración de la función tiroidea. Los RN PEG tienen un riesgo más elevado de disfunción tiroidea.

Cyclic carbonates are considered to be green nontoxic intermediates with important applications in polymer synthesis and fuel additives and as polar solvents with high boiling points. The carbonation of epoxidized vegetable oils is a very important step in the synthesis of nonisocyanate polyurethane. This reaction is usually performed with carbon dioxide in the presence of an ionic liquid that acts both as solvent and catalyst, with the most studied catalyst being tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBABr). Most of the works have reported high yields and good carbonation conversions. In addition, studies with tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (TBAI) as the catalyst have shown it to improve the conversion in the carbonation of short-chain epoxides but not of fatty acid esters and in some vegetable oils. In the current study, the carbonation of epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) (5.8 epoxide group per molecule) was carried out in an autoclave-type reactor under a carbon dioxide atmosphere (60 psi) and the variables evaluated were the reaction temperature (110°C and 140°C), catalyst load (2.5 mol% and 5.0 mol%), reaction time (24 h and 48 h), and catalyst type (TBABr and TBAI). The results of the study showed that the temperature was the most important factor affecting the reaction. However, halohydrins and ketones were also found to have formed from side reactions promoted mainly by TBAI at 140°C and were identified and quantified using FTIR-HATR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy techniques. The best results namely, 100% conversion, 87.9% carbonation, and 87.9% selectivity, with relatively few side reactions (1.7% halohydrins and 1.7% ketones)were: 2.5 mol% of TBABr, a temperature of 110°C, and a reaction time of 24 h. The results also showed that using TBAI as the catalyst increased the frequency of undesirable side reactions during the carbonation of ELO.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La disección coronaria espontánea (DCE) constituye una causa infrecuente, pero cada vez más reconocida, de síndrome coronario agudo. La actitud diagnóstico-terapéutica idónea sigue sin esclarecerse. Métodos: Análisis del seguimiento prospectivo y centralizado de una serie de pacientes consecutivos diagnosticados de DCE desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2018. Se definió evento cardiovascular adverso mayor como la aparición de muerte de cualquier causa, reinfarto no mortal, revascularización no planificada, arritmia ventricular, insuficiencia cardiaca o ictus. Resultados: Se incluyó a 33 pacientes con DCE (41 lesiones). En el 42% se realizó un estudio con imagen intracoronaria para confirmar el diagnóstico, sin identificar trombo en la luz verdadera en ninguno de ellos. En la mayoría de los casos (82%) se eligió un tratamiento médico conservador. Ningún paciente falleció durante el ingreso, pero el 15% presentó algún evento mayor. En el momento agudo se realizó tomografía computarizada coronaria al 58% de los pacientes y se identificó la DCE en el 79% de los casos. La mayoría de los pacientes con tratamiento conservador recibieron antiagregación simple un tiempo limitado (17 meses [9-35]). Con una mediana de seguimiento de 33 meses [13-49], el 82% no sufrió ningún evento adverso. Al 48% se les realizó control angiográfico a los 6 meses, que mostró resolución en el 86% de los casos. El cribado de anomalías vasculares extracoronarias se realizó en el 97% de los pacientes y se hallaron alteraciones en el 59%, incluyendo 3 pacientes con aneurisma intracraneal. Conclusiones: En esta serie, con una amplia utilización de imagen intracoronaria, no se ha identificado trombo en la luz verdadera en ningún caso de DCE. En los pacientes tratados de forma conservadora, la monoterapia antiagregante es segura y se asocia a buenos resultados clínicos. La tomografía computarizada coronaria durante el ingreso es útil en el seguimiento. El cribado sistemático de anomalías vasculares extracoronarias revela una alta prevalencia de alteraciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare but increasingly recognized cause for acute coronary syndrome. The optimal management and treatment of SCAD is still unknown. Methods: Data analysis of a prospective protocol including centralized care management of a consecutive series of patients with SCAD diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2018. Major adverse cardiovascular events included all-cause mortality, new myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure or stroke. Results: A total of 33 consecutive patients were included (41 lesions). Intravascular imaging modalities were used to confirm the diagnosis in 42% patients. None of the patient showed images of thrombus formation in the true lumen. Conservative treatment was the initial approach in most of the cases (82%). No deaths were reported during the index admission, but 15% experienced major adverse cardiovascular events. The coronary computed tomography angiography performed in 58% of patients during the admission identified SCADs in 79% of the patients. Most of the patients managed with conservative treatment received only 1 antiplatelet agent for a limited period of time (17 months [9-35]). During a median clinical follow-up of 33 months [13-49], 82% of patients did not have any adverse events. The angiographic surveillance obtained in 48% of patients at the 6-month follow-up confirmed the complete healing of the SCAD image in 86% of the patients. The screening for extracoronary vascular findings (97% of patients) resulted in a high prevalence of abnormalities (59%). Conclusions: The unrestricted use of intravascular imaging modalities showed no thrombus in the true lumen of patients with SCAD. In patients managed with conservative treatment, a limited course of antiplatelet monotherapy is safe and provides good clinical outcomes. Performing a coronary computed tomography angiography in the acute phase of SCAD is useful at the follow-up. The screening for extracoronary vascular findings confirmed a high prevalence of abnormalities.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la factibilidad y los efectos sobre la capacidad funcional de un programa de entrenamiento físico supervisado, aplicado en pacientes con disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo después de infarto agudo de miocardio. Métodos: Se estudiaron 37 pacientes, de ambos sexos y sin límites de edad, con diagnóstico de disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo, después de haber sufrido un infarto agudo de miocardio, que consecutivamente se incorporaron al programa ambulatorio del Centro de Rehabilitación del Instituto de Cardiología.Se hicieron pruebas de esfuerzo máximas limitadas por síntomas con determinación de consumo de oxígeno, ecocardiogramas en reposo y ventriculografías isotópicas en reposo y esfuerzo a los 2, 8 y 18 meses de evolución, y un tiempo medio de seguimiento clínico de 4,1 años. A todos se les prescribió un régimen de entrenamiento físico moderado o intenso, durante un año como mínimo. Se consideró disfunción sistólica severa cuando la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo fue menor de 35%. Resultados: Todos los parámetros ergométricos que expresaron capacidad funcional incrementaron significativamente en la evaluación del octavo mes (p

Hypophosphatasia, a rare genetic disease affecting bone metabolism, is characterized by decreased activity of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). The gene encoding TNAP (ALPL) has considerable allelic heterogeneity, which could explain different degrees of enzyme activity resulting in a wide clinical variability. We report the case of a preterm newborn in whom a corneal opacity was detected at birth. Blood tests performed to investigate this finding showed low alkaline phosphatase concentrations. The corneal opacity disappeared within a week but alkaline phosphatase remained persistently low. With persistently decreased levels of alkaline phosphatase, upon suspicion of hypophosphatasia, plain radiography detected changes suggestive of rickets. Sequencing of the ALPL gene revealed a heterozygous variant that has not been described in the literature to date. Our patient’s condition may be an atypical neonatal form of the syndrome, with a mild phenotype, very different from the classic neonatal form, which can lead to severe skeletal disease and respiratory failure. However, it could also be an early diagnosis of the childhood form, which is associated with a better prognosis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, affecting more than 219 countries and causing the death of more than 5 million people worldwide. The genetic background represents a factor that predisposes the way the host responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, genetic variants of ACE and ACE2 could explain the observed interindividual variability to COVID-19 outcomes. In order to improve the understanding of how genetic variants of ACE and ACE2 are involved in the severity of COVID-19, we included a total of 481 individuals who showed clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and were diagnosed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and saliva samples. ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism was evaluated by the high-resolution melting method; ACE single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs4344) and ACE2 SNPs (rs2285666 and rs2074192) were genotyped using TaqMan probes. We assessed the association of ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms with disease severity using logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. The severity of the illness in our study population was divided as 31% mild, 26% severe, and 43% critical illness; additionally, 18% of individuals died, of whom 54% were male. Our results showed in the codominant model a contribution of ACE2 gene rs2285666 T/T genotype to critical outcome [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; 95%CI = 1.01–3.29; p = 0.04] and to require oxygen supplementation (OR = 1.76; 95%CI = 1.01–3.04; p = 0.04), in addition to a strong association of the T allele of this variant to develop critical illness in male individuals (OR = 1.81; 95%CI = 1.10–2.98; p = 0.02). We suggest that the T allele of rs2285666 represents a risk factor for severe and critical outcomes of COVID-19, especially for men, regardless of age, hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder for which Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes are well identified as risk factors. SLE patients present different clinical phenotypes, which are partly explained by admixture patterns variation among Mexicans. Population genetic has insight into the high genetic variability of Mexicans, mainly described through HLA gene studies with anthropological and biomedical importance. A prospective, case-control study was performed. In this study, we recruited 146 SLE patients, and 234 healthy individuals were included as a control group; both groups were admixed Mexicans from Mexico City. The HLA typing methods were based on Next Generation Sequencing and Sequence-Based Typing (SBT). The data analysis was performed with population genetic programs and statistical packages. The admixture estimations based on HLA-B and -DRB1 revealed that SLE patients have a higher Southwestern European ancestry proportion (48 ± 8%) than healthy individuals (30 ± 7%). In contrast, Mexican Native American components are diminished in SLE patients (44 ± 1%) and augmented in Healthy individuals (63 ± 4%). HLA alleles and haplotypes’ frequency analysis found variants previously described in SLE patients from Mexico City. Moreover, a conserved extended haplotype that confers risk to develop SLE was found, the HLA-A∗29:02∼C∗16:01∼B∗44:03∼DRB1∗07:01∼DQB1∗02:02, pC = 0.02, OR = 1.41. Consistent with the admixture estimations, the origin of all risk alleles and haplotypes found in this study are European, while the protection alleles are Mexican Native American. The analysis of genetic distances supported that the SLE patient group is closer to the Southwestern European parental populace and farthest from Mexican Native Americans than healthy individuals. Heterogeneity of genetic admixture determines SLE susceptibility and protection in Mexicans. HLA sequencing is helpful to determine susceptibility alleles and haplotypes restricted to some populations.

Introduction The CYP450 complex participates in the metabolism of ifosfamide, an antineoplastic drug used to treat solid tumors. genes contain several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that confer different activity towards the enzyme. The aim of our study was to analyze gene frequencies of allelic variants and their association with ifosfamide blood levels and patient prognosis. Material and methods 148 DNA samples from children were analyzed. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR with TaqMan probes and ifosfamide levels were determined in dried blood drop by UPLCMS/MS. Results Ifosfamide levels increased according to the genotype, and patients with the variant rs1799853 in CYP2C9 genotype CC had lower levels of ifosfamide (median = 1.8 µmol/l, Q25 0.9–Q75 4.6) compared with patients with genotype TT + CT (median = 2.8 µmol/l, Q25 1.9–Q75 5.1), p < 0.001. In the case of the rs2740574 variant in the CYP3A4 gene, patients with normal genotype (TT) presented median = 1.4 µmol/l, (Q25 0.7–Q75 2.7), while patients with the CC + TC genotype had higher levels of ifosfamide (median = 2.0 µmol/l, Q25 1.0–Q75 4.3), p = 0.024. In addition, patients with CC + CT genotype of this variant had a higher risk of non-response to treatment compared to patients with TT genotype (RR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.07–1.59, p = 0.03). Conclusions Polymorphisms in CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 genes are associated with high levels of ifosfamide. In addition, the polymorphism rs2740574 in CYP3A4 was associated with a worse therapeutic response.

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la rehabilitación cardiovascular en la calidad de vida después del intervencionismo coronario percutáneo en la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador en el periodo mayo 2015 –Diciembre 2017. Método: En 12 meses se evaluaron 122 pacientes portadores de cardiopatía de todos los géneros sin límite de edad que se les realizó intervencionismo coronario percutáneo con implantación de stent y que no presentaron contra indicaciones para incorporarlos al programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular. La rehabilitación cardiovascular consistió en ejercicios físicos supervisados 21 días después de la intervención coronaria y se mantuvieron en el programa durante 56 semanas. La calidad de vida se determinó mediante el test SF-36, el cual se midió en tres momentos, al inicio, a los seis (6) y al año, de igual manera se cuantificó el tiempo de reinserción a las actividades laborales y sociales. Resultados: La calidad de vida de los pacientes presentaron diferencias significativas en los puntajes de las escalas función física, rol físico, rol emocional, vitalidad, bienestar emocional, función social, dolor corporal, salud general y total de la escala, los valores de dichas escalas se incrementaron a los seis meses y al año de la rehabilitación cardiovascular con respecto a la condición inicial de los pacientes, lo que evidenció mejoría de su calidad de vida; la reinserción laboral y social fue del 100%, la cual fue de manera paulatina de acuerdo a la características propias de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La rehabilitación cardiovascular presentó efecto positivo en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, mostrando ser seguro y eficaz pues logró el 100% de la reinserción laboral y social.

Resumen Objetivo. Evaluar la factibilidad de aplicar programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular en pacientes después del intervencionismo coronario percutánea en la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. Método. Se incluyeron en la investigación durante dos años siete meses 170 pacientes portadores de cardiopatía isquémica de todos los géneros sin límite de edad que se les realizó intervencionismo coronario percutáneo (ICP) con implantación de stent y que no presentaron contraindicaciones para incorporarlos al programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular. Se incorporaron al programa de rehabilitación con ejercicios físicos supervisados 21 días después de la intervención coronaria y se mantuvieron en el programa durante 56 semanas. Se realizaron pruebas ergométricas periódicas y exámenes de laboratorio clínico, antes de iniciar el programa de rehabilitación, al final del mismo, seis meses y al año del ICP. Resultados. A medida que los pacientes se incorporaron al Programa de Rehabilitación Cardíaca y a las charlas educativas, los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares comenzaron a modificarse positivamente como el hábito de fumar que fue erradicado en los pacientes. Las diferentes fracciones lipídicas se midieron al inicio de la incorporación, a los dos, seis y 12 meses. Todas las variables ergométricas tuvieron un comportamiento ascendente progresivo, pues fueron incrementándose de un momento de medición a otro con diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión La rehabilitación cardiaca está siendo infrautilizada en el Ecuador; la implementación de la rehabilitación presentó resultados positivos, donde factores de riesgo cardiovascular se modificaron positivamente, disminuyendo el uso de fármacos hipolipemiantes, mejorando la capacidad funcional del paciente después de un SCA sometido a ICP.

El fibroadenoma vulvar es una lesión extremadamente rara. Se presenta como una masa unilateral, de tamaño variable, asintomático y ocasionalmente asociado a otras lesiones vulvares o extravulvares y existe gran controversia sobre su origen. Estas lesiones necesitan del examen histopatológico para llegar al diagnóstico definitivo. El comportamiento de este tumor es similar al mamario. La escisión generalmente tiene un buen pronóstico y rara vez recidiva. Presentamos un caso donde se diagnosticó histopatológicamente esta lesión en una mujer de 26 años de edad con masa tumoral en la vulva, a la que se le realizó excéresis quirúrgica.

Vulvar fibroadenoma is extremely rare. It presents as a unilateral mass of variable size, asymptomatic and occasionally associated to other vulvar and extra-vulvar lesions. There is a great controversy about their origin. These lesions need a histo-pathological exam to reach a concluding diagnosis. Its behavior is similar to the breast tumor. Its removal generally has a good prognosis and there is rarely a relapse. This is a case of a 26 year old woman who was histo-pathologically diagnosed a vulvar tumor. A surgical removal was performed.

Halophiles can be found in hypersaline environments and they can synthesize products of industrial interest. Method: In this work, 37 bacterial strains were isolated from the sediment of a dried-out maar of the “Hoya Rincón de Parangueo” (Mexico) on different culture media with 20% NaCl and pH 9, while potential industrial extracellular enzymes were determined. Results: Eight genera Salsuginibacillus, Alkalibacillus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Oceanobacillus, Halomonas and Nesterenkonia besides 15 distinct species belonging to Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified. The L371, LTA7 and SU3 isolates produced proteases, M20, L5, L7, L8, Y1, Y2, M3, M9 and RA lipases, LTA4 and SU3 amylases, while LTA7, Y2, M5, M9 and RA caseinases with enzymatic activity at pH 9. Production of siderophore was found in 17 isolates. Discussion or Conclusion: It is reported for the first experimental evidence of siderophores production by N. alba, Alkalibacillus and Oceanobacillus at 6% NaCl (w/v). Isolates RE, RG1, RG2, RH1, RA and I11 showed 2.8% to 4.1% genetic distance with Nesterenkonia species and might represent new species.

Background Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a recently proposed predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Available assays for TMB determination differ in horizontal coverage, gene content and algorithms, leading to discrepancies in results, impacting patient selection. A harmonization study of TMB assessment with available assays in a cohort of patients with NSCLC is urgently needed.Methods We evaluated the TMB assessment obtained with two marketed next generation sequencing panels: TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) and Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load (OTML) versus a reference assay (Foundation One, FO) in 96 NSCLC samples. Additionally, we studied the level of agreement among the three methods with respect to PD-L1 expression in tumors, checked the level of different immune infiltrates versus TMB, and performed an inter-laboratory reproducibility study. Finally, adjusted cut-off values were determined.Results Both panels showed strong agreement with FO, with concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of 0.933 (95% CI 0.908 to 0.959) for TSO500 and 0.881 (95% CI 0.840 to 0.922) for OTML. The corresponding CCCs were 0.951 (TSO500-FO) and 0.919 (OTML-FO) in tumors with 88%. With these cut-offs, the positive predictive value was 78.57% (95% CI 67.82 to 89.32) and the negative predictive value was 87.50% (95% CI 77.25 to 97.75) for TSO500, while for OTML they were 73.33% (95% CI 62.14 to 84.52) and 86.11% (95% CI 74.81 to 97.41), respectively.Conclusions Both panels exhibited robust analytical performances for TMB assessment, with stronger concordances in patients with negative PD-L1 expression. TSO500 showed a higher inter-laboratory reproducibility. The cut-offs for each assay were lowered to optimal overlap with FO.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) films with different structural, morphological, and optical properties were obtained by (fixed) thermal oxidation of deposited metallic zinc (Zn) films. The main characteristics of the oxidized films are discussed in terms of the Zn film thickness. On-axis preferential crystallographic oriented growth of ZnO can be tuned based on the control of the thickness of the deposited Zn: c-axis (a-axis) for the thinnest (thicker) Zn film. The thicker ZnO film is rather a-textured, whereas the grains hosted by the ZnO films corresponding to the Zn films of intermediate thicknesses are more randomly oriented. For Zn films of ever-increasing thickness, a tendency towards the crystallization of larger ZnO nanocrystals holds, combined with a continuous increment on the surface roughness. In contrast, the fundamental bandgap of the resultant oxide-based films decreases with thickness. The roughness of the ZnO films is not directly measured. It is qualitatively described by the analysis of Zn-film micrographs obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy and by the demonstration of strong optical scattering interactions present in the thicker ZnO films by their random lasing activity.

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common autoimmune disorder worldwide. Remarkably, it is commonly accompanied by other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The immunopathogenic mechanisms behind the coexistence of these disorders are still not completely understood. Immunogenetics influences the physiopathology of these diseases since ethnicity plays an essential role in the inheritance of susceptibility markers. Methods: High-resolution HLA class II typing was performed using a sequence-based method. Results: The allele frequency of HLA-DRB1∗04:04 and -DRB1∗03:01 were significantly increased in patients with AITD and RA compared to healthy individuals, pC ​= ​0.021, OR ​= ​2.4, 95%CI ​= ​1.19–4.75 and pC ​= ​0.009, OR ​= ​3.4, 95%CI ​= ​1.42–7.93, respectively. Remarkably, these patients have a combined risk given by susceptibility HLA-DRB1 alleles that contain the shared epitope, pC ​= ​0.03, OR ​= ​1.7, IC95% ​= ​1.07–2.76, and a lack of protective alleles carrying aspartic acid70, pC ​= ​0.009, OR ​= ​0.5, IC95% ​= ​0.32–0.84. Discussion: The results suggest that patients with AITD and RA have an immunogenetic mechanism that combines the susceptibility alleles associated with both diseases. Importantly, it seems to be linked mainly to the lack of protective alleles with aspartic acid in the position 70, along with the presence of susceptibility alleles that have the sequences QRRAA, QKRAA, and RRRAA at positions 70–74. Conclusion: Patients with AITD and RA have a characteristic immunogenetic signature, which could be useful for determining multiple autoimmunities and assessing their relatives’ risk of developing it.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults in most developed countries. Early diagnosis and early treatment for retinopathy can reduce the incidence of severe loss of vision in a high percentage of sight-threatening DR. However, sight-threatening DR is asymptomatic in a high percentage of patients and no more than 50% of the diabetic patients are reviewed periodically in ophthalmology, mainly in rural areas. Telemedicine facilitates the exchange of information among professionals, reducing unnecessary journeys for patients who live in rural or remote areas. The survey of satisfaction is a highly useful quantitative instrument to obtain information directly from the users of a screening program. One aim of this study has been to determine the prevalence of DR in a sample of diabetic patients from a rural area of Spain and to classify DR patients according to the type and severity of this complication of the disease. The other main target was to evaluate the degree of satisfaction in both diabetic patients and professionals with a teleophthalmology-based screening program of DR. Methods: A sample of 114 diabetic patients included in a new teleophthalmology program for the screening of DR in Castilla y León, Spain, were asked to take part in an in-person survey designed to evaluate the degree of satisfaction. This sample was obtained through a consecutive non-probability sampling technique, out of a total of 752 diabetic patients who underwent a retinography screening program in a distant rural healthcare center. The survey assessed aspects related to the information about the program the patients received, the organization of the center, the way the test was conducted and the reception of the results. All the included participants consented to participate in this study. Additionally, an anonymous survey was conducted via email. The sample was made up of 10 professionals responsible for taking the retinal images from the patients included in the study. This survey assessed their degree of satisfaction with their training, the way the test was carried out, the support from their managers and how this activity influenced their relationship with their patients. Results: A high percentage of patients with DR in the study sample had a form of sight-threatening retinopathy (29.4%), which in this program is a criterion of referral to be assessed by an ophthalmologist. Of the surveyed patients, 93.8% scored eight points or higher for their degree of general satisfaction with the activity. All of them claimed they would prefer to continue their exploration at the healthcare center instead of going to the hospital. As regards the professionals, 70% scored eight points or more in terms of their degree of general satisfaction with the activity, whereas 20% scored between five and seven. One professional did not respond to the question. Finally, 90% stated that they would continue performing the activity, while the remaining 10% answered no. Conclusion: According to the high percentage of patients diagnosed with vision-threatening DR in this study, an early diagnosis of this complication of diabetes seems to be important. Teleophthalmology enhances patient accessibility to the healthcare system, making early diagnosis of DR easier, with a high degree of satisfaction among patients and healthcare professionals.

Introducción. La utilización del entrenamiento de resistencia a la fuerza muscular en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica y fracción de eyección deprimida (IC-FED) ha sido controversial durante años, por lo que se decidió evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento físico aeróbico y de resistencia a la fuerza muscular en estos pacientes. Método. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo y experimental de campo, con 56 pacientes, divididos en 28 para el grupo control y estudio respectivamente. Se realizó un seguimiento por 6 meses donde se evaluaron variables morfofuncionales, de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y la presencia o no de complicaciones durante la intervención. Resultados. Según el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) hubo un incremento estadísticamente significativo (p

Abstract Background Despite recent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), the prognosis of most patients remains poor, and resistance to traditional and new drugs frequently occurs. EDO-S101 is a novel therapeutic agent conceived as the fusion of a histone deacetylase inhibitor radical to bendamustine, with the aim of potentiating its alkylating activity. Methods The efficacy of EDO-S101 was evaluated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo, alone, and in combination with standard anti-myeloma agents. The underlying mechanisms of action were also evaluated on MM cell lines, patient samples, and different murine models. Results EDO-S101 displayed potent activity in vitro in MM cell lines (IC50 1.6–4.8 μM) and ex vivo in cells isolated from MM patients, which was higher than that of bendamustine and independent of the p53 status and previous melphalan resistance. This activity was confirmed in vivo, in a CB17-SCID murine plasmacytoma model and in de novo Vk*MYC mice, leading to a significant survival improvement in both models. In addition, EDO-S101 was the only drug with single-agent activity in the multidrug resistant Vk12653 murine model. Attending to its mechanism of action, the molecule showed both, a HDACi effect (demonstrated by α-tubulin and histone hyperacetylation) and a DNA-damaging effect (shown by an increase in γH2AX); the latter being again clearly more potent than that of bendamustine. Using a reporter plasmid integrated into the genome of some MM cell lines, we demonstrate that, apart from inducing a potent DNA damage, EDO-S101 specifically inhibited the double strand break repair by the homologous recombination pathway. Moreover, EDO-S101 treatment reduced the recruitment of repair proteins such as RAD51 to DNA-damage sites identified as γH2AX foci. Finally, EDO-S101 preclinically synergized with bortezomib, both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion These findings provide rationale for the clinical investigation of EDO-S101 in MM, either as a single agent or in combination with other anti-MM drugs, particularly proteasome inhibitors.

La fase hospitalaria de la rehabilitación cardíaca ha ido evolucionando y se ha abreviado considerablemente en el transcurso de los años. Por una parte, el auge del intervencionismo coronario percutáneo terapéutico y por otro, el objetivo fundamental de disminuir los daños nocivos del reposo prolongado, aspectos que motivaron a actualizar el programa de intervención fisioterapéutica durante esta fase en nuestra institución. Se establecieron pautas de actuación en cada etapa del programa, la utilización de una tabla de ejercicios según estadios del paciente, el uso de controles de la sesión de acondicionamiento físico, así como aspectos de intervención psicológica. Se consideraron los beneficios que aporta una pronta y adecuada intervención fisioterapéutica para la continuidad a la fase de convalecencia y su consecuente reincorporación social y laboral para actualizar el protocolo de actuación, que contribuya a unificar criterios y estrategias de trabajo en la fase hospitalaria del Programa Nacional de Rehabilitación Cardíaca de Cuba.

Secrets, the essence of drama as a genre since its classical origins, characterize Medieval popular theatre and tipify Lope's comedia which Calderón perfects. Reworking their theatrical heritage, Sor Juana carries this genre beyond the horizon of expectation, as she intensifies the techniques that generate the complication of secrets from the first act of both of her comedies, Los empeños de una casa («Pawns of a House») and Amor es más laberinto («Love is a Greater Labyrinth»).

La Escuela Normal Superior Veracruzana (ENSV) “Dr. Manuel Suárez Trujillo”, actualmente vive un proceso de introspección y transformación para constituirse en una Institución de Educación Superior (IES). En este trabajo se presenta una serie de acciones desarrolladas para fortalecer las actividades académicas más urgentes en la ENSV (investigación educativa, innovación didáctica y socialización del conocimiento, por ejemplo), en donde la comunidad de aprendizaje está resultando ser un importante escenario para reformular y articular la educación.

Kinesin spindle protein inhibition is known to be an effective therapeutic approach in several malignancies. Filanesib (ARRY-520), an inhibitor of this protein, has demonstrated activity in heavily pre-treated multiple myeloma patients. The aim of the work herein was to investigate the activity of filanesib in combination with pomalidomide plus dexamethasone backbone, and the mechanisms underlying the potential synergistic effect. The ability of filanesib to enhance the activity of pomalidomide plus dexamethasone was studied in several in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanisms of this synergistic combination were dissected by gene expression profiling, immunostaining, cell cycle and short interfering ribonucleic acid studies. Filanesib showed in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo synergy with pomalidomide plus dexamethasone treatment. Importantly, the in vivo synergy observed in this combination was more evident in large, highly proliferative tumors, and was shown to be mediated by the impairment of mitosis transcriptional control, an increase in monopolar spindles, cell cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis in cells in proliferative phases. In addition, the triple combination increased the activation of the proapoptotic protein BAX, which has previously been associated with sensitivity to filanesib, and could potentially be used as a predictive biomarker of response to this combination. Our results provide preclinical evidence for the potential benefit of the combination of filanesib with pomalidomide and dexamethasone, and supported the initiation of a recently activated trial being conducted by the Spanish Myeloma group which is investigating this combination in relapsed myeloma patients.

The primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this disease in women of childbearing age and children treated at health centres in underserviced areas of the city of Buenos Aires. Demographic and Chagas disease status data were collected. Samples for Chagas disease serology were obtained on filter paper and the reactive results were confirmed with conventional samples. A total of 1,786 subjects were screened and 73 positive screening results were obtained: 17 were from children and 56 were from women. The Trypanosoma cruziinfection risk was greater in those individuals who had relatives with Chagas disease, who remember seeing kissing bugs, who were of Bolivian nationality or were born in the Argentine province of Santiago del Estero. The overall prevalence of Chagas disease was 4.08%. Due to migration, Chagas disease is currently predominantly urban. The observed prevalence requires health programme activities that are aimed at urban children and their mothers. Most children were infected congenitally, which reinforces the need for Chagas disease screening of all pregnant women and their babies in Argentina. The active search for new cases is important because the appropriate treatment in children has a high cure rate.

Despite new advances in multiple myeloma treatment and the consequent improvement in overall survival, most patients relapse or become refractory to treatment. This suggests that new molecules and combinations that may further inhibit important survival pathways for these tumor cells are needed. In this context, zalypsis is a novel compound, derived from marine organisms, with a powerful preclinical anti-myeloma effect based on the sensitivity of malignant plasma cells to DNA-damage induction; and it has already been tested in a phase I/II clinical trial in multiple myeloma. We hypothesized that the addition of this compound to the combination of bortezomib plus dexamethasone may improve efficacy with acceptable toxicity. The triple combination demonstrated strong synergy and higher efficacy compared with double combinations; not only in vitro, but also ex vivo and, especially, in in vivo experiments. The triple combination triggers cell death, mainly through a synergistic induction of DNA damage and a decrease in the nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B. Our findings support the clinical evaluation of this combination for relapsed and refractory myeloma patients.

La rehabilitación cardíaca en la fase hospitalaria, en pacientes programados para cirugía, ha progresado con el transcurso de los años. Beneficiada por el conocimiento y la evidencia científica de que intervenciones fisioterapéuticas más dinámicas favorecen una recuperación más rápida de la cirugía, disminuyen las complicaciones postoperatorias y la estadía hospitalaria. Se establecieron desde el preoperatorio, aspectos educativos, informativos y de enseñanza en técnicas y ejercicios respiratorios, así como de intervención psicológica, además se presenta una tabla de ejercicios según los diferentes estadios y el uso de variables para el control de la sesión de acondicionamiento físico. La actualización del protocolo de actuación desde la etapa preoperatoria hasta el egreso hospitalario, contribuirá a unificar criterios y estrategias de trabajo en la fase hospitalaria del programa nacional de rehabilitación para la cirugía cardíaca.

Resumen La insuficiencia cardíaca crónica se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas de salud a nivel global; 23 millones de personas padecen esta patología en todo el mundo y su edad de aparición ha variado notablemente en los últimos cinco decenios, coincidiendo incluso con otras comorbilidades en la medida en que aumenta la longevidad en la población. El tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca también ha mostrado variaciones impresionantes durante los últimos años. Tal es el caso del cambio en el tratamiento de las drogas simpaticomiméticas por los agentes betabloqueadores, que implica sobre todo un cambio conceptual en la interpretación fisiopatológica de este síndrome. La incorporación al tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca de los fármacos inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina y de los bloqueadores de los receptores de la angiotensina ha significado un gran paso de avance en el tratamiento de pacientes con esta patología al disminuir significativamente su mortalidad y morbilidad. La más reciente introducción de la droga identificada como angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor (LCZ696), lanzada en agosto 2014, con una aun mayor disminución de la mortalidad y morbilidad de la insuficiencia cardíaca y menos efectos secundarios, ofrece una valedera esperanza para el tratamiento de esta patología. El entrenamiento y la actividad física es otra área de tratamiento que está siendo completamente revalorada. Se revisan aquí aspectos fisiopatológicos que vinculan la práctica del ejercicio físico sistemático con la insuficiencia cardíaca y cómo se relacionan con la evolución clínica, morbilidad y mortalidad del paciente entrenado.

La revista Cinerama es una de las múltiples opciones que, dentro del sector de la prensa especializada, cubren la totalidad de la información de índole cinematográfica. Inicia su andadura hace seis años (su primer número sale a la luz en Febrero del 92) amparada por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, rebelándose con el tiempo como una competente y más que digna alternativa a las publicaciones líderes del sector. Tal evolución, siempre unida a un afán por diferenciarse en la medida de lo posible de sus competidoras aun sin perder ni un ápice del rigor que imprime a todos y cada uno de sus contenidos, es lo que nos ha llevado a elegirla como objeto de nuestro trabajo.

Existent methods for determining the composition of lithium niobate single crystals are mainly based on their variations due to changes in their electronic structure, which accounts for the fact that most of these methods rely on experimental techniques using light as the probe. Nevertheless, these methods used for single crystals fail in accurately predicting the chemical composition of lithium niobate powders due to strong scattering effects and randomness. In this work, an innovative method for determining the chemical composition of lithium niobate powders, based mainly on the probing of secondary thermodynamic phases by X-ray diffraction analysis and structure refinement, is employed. Its validation is supported by the characterization of several samples synthesized by the standard and inexpensive method of mechanosynthesis. Furthermore, new linear equations are proposed to accurately describe and determine the chemical composition of this type of powdered material. The composition can now be determined by using any of four standard characterization techniques: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy (RS), UV-vis Diffuse Reflectance (DR), and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). In the case of the existence of a previous equivalent description for single crystals, a brief analysis of the literature is made.

Introducción. El Sistema Movicorde fue diseñado para ayudar a los cardiólogos, y fisioterapeutas en las sesiones de entrenamiento físico, donde se necesita una vigilancia constante de parámetros relevantes mientras el paciente realiza ejercicios. Objetivo: Evaluar el Movicorde en pacientes de alto riesgo cardiaco teniendo en cuenta desniveles del ST, arritmias, y comportamiento del pulso de entrenamiento. Método. Estudio descriptivo transversal de 80 pacientes, con cardiopatías de alto riesgo y que acudieron al gimnasio desde Julio 2009 a Abril 2011 y fueron sometidos a un plan de Rehabilitación Cardiovascular. Se compararon las mediciones del Movicorde con lo planteado por los cardiólogos y se elaboró una tabla en Excel para el análisis estadístico. Resultados. Se encontró una elevada coincidencia para el infradesnivel del segmento ST de 71,25 % y en un 15 % las diferencias entre el sistema y el médico fueron menores de 0.1 mv .En 62 pacientes se encontraron complejos ventriculares prematuros durante las sesiones. Se describe la elevada especificidad del sistema 99,87%, la sensibilidad de 80% y VPP de 83,42% en la detección de complejos ventriculares prematuros. Los pacientes con Infarto del miocardio tuvieron una sesión de ejercicios de 37min con 28seg. El mayor tiempo en pulso de entrenamiento 67,74% del tiempo total de la sesión se presentó en los pacientes con revascularización coronaria. Conclusiones. El Sistema Movicorde tiene una alta eficiencia para el análisis telemétrico de las sesiones de entrenamiento físico y se recomienda su introducción en la práctica clínica.

RESUMEN Introducción: La utilización en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca del entrenamiento de resistencia a altas intensidades ha sido controversial, por las complicaciones cardiovasculares que podían generar. Recientemente ha habido una reevaluación en su incorporación pero a bajas intensidades, por lo que hemos decidido introducirlo y evaluarlo en nuestro servicio. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal con 78 pacientes después de un Síndrome Coronario Agudo, todos del sexo masculino y con un promedio de edad de 54,3 años. Se realizó un seguimiento a los 6 meses de implementado el entrenamiento de resistencia y se evaluaron diferentes variables tales como, la magnitud del peso levantado, el consumo de oxígeno pico y la clase funcional, así como las variables de seguridad, presión arterial sistólica y alteraciones electrocardiográficas. Resultados: Hubo incremento de la magnitud del peso levantado en todos los grupos musculares principalmente, Bíceps 16kg; Deltoides 17,9kg; 23kg y Cuádriceps 28,9kg. La media en las mediciones de la presión arterial sistólica nunca superó los rangos de normalidad en reposo < 140 mmHg y en esfuerzo

Introduction The use of high intensity resistance training in cardiac rehabilitation programs has been controversial due to the cardiovascular complicationsthat could be generated. In recent times, there has been a reevaluation of its application even though at low intensity. For this reason,we have decided to introduce and evaluate it in our service.Method An observational, descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out in 78 patients following Acute Coronary Syndrome. Allwere male patients with an average age of 54,3 years. A follow-up was conducted after 6 months of introducing resistance training. Differentvariables such as amount of weight lifted, peak oxygen consumption and functional class were evaluated along with security variables:systolic arterial pressure and electrocardiographic alterations.Results There was an increase in the amount of weight lifted in all the muscle groups, principally Biceps 16 kg; Deltoids 17.9 kg and Quadriceps28,9kg. The average systolic arterial pressure measurements were never above the normal range at rest (

El presente trabajo da continuación a la revisión realizada sobre el manejo general que debe ofrecerse a las gestantes cardiópatas. Con el mismo pretendemos brindar elementos que sirvan al cardiólogo en la toma de decisiones clínicas y en la orientación del equipo multidisciplinario que atiende a este grupo de pacientes. En esta oportunidad trataremos aspectos propios del manejo de las prótesis valvulares cardiacas, la cirugía cardiovascular en el embarazo, y los procedimientos intervencionistas. Al igual que en el artículo anterior nos nutrimos de la información publicada, así como en los propios protocolos de actuación del Servicio Nacional de Cardiopatía y Embarazo que se basan en el trabajo de más de una década asistiendo a gestantes cardiópatas.

Introduction The Movicorde system was designed in order to help cardiologists and physiotherapists atexercise training sessions,where constant supervision of relevant parameters is required.Objectives To evaluate the use of Movicorde in high-risk cardiac patients, including the presence of arrhythmias, ST segmentabnormalities and target heart rate.Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study of 80 high-risk patients who attended the gymnasium of the Institute of Cardiology,from July 2009 through April 2011, in a Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) program.The measurements taken by Movicordewere compared to those taken by the cardiologists and a data base was created for statistical analyses.Results Sixty two (62) patients had premature ventricular complexes (PVC). The high specificity (99.87 %), sensibility (80,33%)and the 83,42% positive predictive value (VPP) of the system to detect PVC, was described. There was total concordancebetween the equipment and the physicians in 57 patients (71,25%) with respect to ST segment depression.This had a very superior observed value to that expected and showed that the results were representative (p

Endogenous cardioprotection and cardiovascular rehabilitation RESUMEN La rehabilitación cardiovascular es una estrategia terapéutica necesaria, segura y con evidencia científica para tratar la cardiopatía isquémica y reducir su morbimortalidad. No obstante, está subutilizada en todo el mundo. Esta revisión se centra en la potencialidad de esta estrategia para generar cardioprotección y, particularmente, en la capacidad del ejercicio físico para inducir un fenotipo cardioprotector contra el daño generado por la isquemia-reperfusión. Se abordan los principales mecanismos moleculares del daño y de la protección, incluyendo el precondicionamiento isquémico inducido por el ejercicio. También se tratan adaptaciones cardioprotectoras que el ejercicio físico genera en el tejido vascular y el sistema autónomo. Palabras clave: Ejercicio físico, isquemia-reperfusión, precondicionamiento, rehabilitación cardiovascular, cardioprotección. ABSTRACT Cardiovascular rehabilitation is an essential, safe and scientifically validated means of treating ischemic heart disease and of reducing its associated morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, this approach is underused around the world. This review focuses on the potential of cardiovascular rehabilitation for promoting cardioprotection, with particular emphasis on the ability of physical exercise to induce a cardioprotective phenotype that counteracts ischemia-reperfusion injury. The text also discusses the principal molecular mechanisms involved in both tissue damage and protection against damage, and in the ischemic preconditioning induced by exercise. In addition, the cardioprotective adaptations in vascular tissue and the autonomic nervous system brought about by physical exercise are considered. Key words: Physical exercise, ischemia-reperfusion injury, preconditioning, cardiovascular rehabilitation, cardioprotection.

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de brindar una guía breve, que oriente en el manejo general de la mujer cardiópata una vez que se embaraza, e incluso antes, y después de la concepción. Se pretende poner en manos de cardiólogos generales o especializados la información necesaria para tomar una decisión referente no a la patología cardiovascular en sí ―que generalmente se trata en los numerosos textos de laespecialidad ―, sino que le permita orientar al resto del equipo multidisciplinario queatiende a estas pacientes, el momento adecuado de interrumpir la gestación, que método utilizar, cuándo contraindicar el embarazo a una pareja que desea una descendencia, qué fármacos obstétricos o no pueden indicarse, y muchas otras dudas que, con frecuencia, surgen en la práctica diaria.

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de brindar una guía breve, que oriente en el manejo general de la mujer cardiópata una vez que se embaraza, e incluso antes, y después de la concepción. Se pretende poner en manos de cardiólogos generales o especializados la información necesaria para tomar una decisión referente no a la patología cardiovascular en sí ―que generalmente se trata en los numerosos textos de la especialidad―, sino que le permita orientar al resto del equipo multidisciplinario que atiende a estas pacientes, el momento adecuado de interrumpir la gestación, que método utilizar, cuándo contraindicar el embarazo a una pareja que desea una descendencia, qué fármacos obstétricos o no pueden indicarse, y muchas otras dudas que, con frecuencia, surgen en la práctica diaria.Present paper was carried out to offer a brief guide giving advice on the general management of a woman be pregnant presenting with heart disease and even before and after pregnancy and also to offer to general cardiologists or specialists the information necessary to take a decision not concerning to cardiovascular pathology as such but that allows to give guidance to the remainder of multidisciplinary staff charged of these patients at the just moment of to break off the pregnancy, what method to use, when to contraindicate the pregnancy to a couple desiring to has offspring, what obstetric drugs or not may to prescribe, and many other doubts frequently present in the daily practice.

Metallic Zn nanodisks with hexagonal morphology were obtained onto glass substrate under vacuum thermal evaporation. A thermal characterization of Zn nanodiks showed a lower oxidation temperature than source powder Zn. Different thermal treatment on Zn nanodisks played an important role on the morphology, crystal size and surface vibrational modes of ZnO. The growth of ZnO nanoneedles started at the edge of metallic zinc hexagonal structures according with SEM images, the higher temperature the longer needles were grown. XRD diffractogram confirmed the wurtzite structure of ZnO with metallic nuclei. A wide band between 530 and 580 cm−1 of Raman scattering corresponded at surface vibrational modes not observed at higher temperature.

La fase de convalecencia de la rehabilitación cardíaca tiene como propósito fundamental mejorar la capacidad funcional y fomentar un cambio del estilo de vida a través de todos los aspectos que integra la prevención secundaria fundamentalmente, en la incorporación a un programa de entrenamiento físico y en el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, lo que favorece la reincorporación social y laboral de los enfermos. Con el objetivo de actualizar el protocolo de actuación de esta fase en nuestra institución se establecieron diferentes ejercicios con sus dosificaciones y recomendaciones para la rehabilitación de diferentes poblaciones, así como controles de la sesión de entrenamiento físico a tener en cuenta. Este protocolo permitirá aunar estrategias para mejorar la intervención fisioterapéutica en la fase de convalecencia del Programa Nacional de Rehabilitación Cardíaca en Cuba.

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ on orthodontic elastomeric modules (OEM) using silver nitrate salts as metal-ion precursors and extract of the plant Hetheroteca inuloides (H. inuloides) as bioreductant via a simple and eco-friendly method. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface plasmon resonance peak found at 472 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. SEM and TEM images reveal that the particles are quasi-spherical. The EDS analysis of the AgNPs confirmed the presence of elemental silver. The antibacterial properties of OEM with AgNPs were evaluated against the clinical isolates Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion tests. The physical properties were evaluated by a universal testing machine. OEM with AgNPs had shown inhibition halos for all microorganisms in comparison with OEM control. Physical properties increased with respect to the control group. The results suggest the potential of the material to combat dental biofilm and in turn decrease the incidence of demineralization in dental enamel, ensuring their performance in patients with orthodontic treatment.

Effects of gamma radiation and the polypropylene fibers on compressive properties of polymer concrete composites (PC) were studied. The PCs had a composition of 30 wt% of unsaturated polyester resin and 70 wt% of marble particles which have three different sizes (small, medium, and large). The PCs were submitted to 200, 250, and 300 kGy of radiation doses. The results show that the compressive properties depend on the combination of the polypropylene fiber concentration and the applied radiation dose. The compressive strength value is highest when using medium particle size, 0.1 vol% of polypropylene fibers and 250 kGy of dose; moreover, the compressive modulus decreases when increasing the particle size.

This work focused on studying the sensing efficiency of tetrahydrofuran (THF) by composite films made of thin layers of a cellulose-based polymer and carbon black. We analyze the reproducibility, durability, desorption time, and the sensitivity percent as a function of the amount of solvent. Two types of experiments were conducted, (1) progressive sensing test (PST) which consisted of progressively increasing the amount of solvent from 0.1 mL increments up to 1.0 mL and (2) multiple sensing test (MST) where the layers were subjected to consecutive pulses of the same amount of solvent, with a minimum of 0.1 mL and a maximum of 0.4 mL. The response and desorption times were a few seconds, and the sensitivity percent ranged from 1% to 170% and was dependent on the solvent quantity.

Se reseñó el libro con las siguientes dos obras: P. Calderón de la Barca, Mañanas de abril y mayo; y A. de Solís y Rivadeneyra, El amor al uso.