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1. A case for a quantum informed approach to health communication research

Author: John Parrish-Sprowl and Susan Parrish-Sprowl
Subjects: quantum, complexity, paradigm, bioactive, One Health, Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract: Foundational social science has dominated health communication research, especially in the mainstream of Western scholarship. Alternative ways of conceptualizing, including most if not all indigenous ways of thinking, have often been relegated to second class status, if regarded at all. For those who questioned prevailing wisdom in the past, the choice regarding theory and research seemed to be one of going in a more interpretive or critical direction and leaving “science” behind or staying within a framework they found wanting in many ways. Ironically, the work of such Communication scholars as Pearce, Dutta, and others, often born from interpretative and critical perspectives, is much more consonant with quantum framed science than social science as practiced. Indeed, much of the body of indigenous perspectives align with quantum theory informed science better than social science as practiced. As we move through the 21st century, it is time that communication theory and research, especially in health communication, moves to reclaim science in ways that shift us from a Newtonian understanding of the world to more a quantum paradigm. As we do so, we will likely find that many who have been on the margins can and should move their work to the mainstream, albeit with a process that synthesizes their work with quantum science. This would help us move forward in ways that not only invite more inclusion, but also create more meaningful ways of conceptualizing communication and its relationship to health.
Published: 2023
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2. The AIMS approach: regulating receptivity in patient-provider vaccine conversations

Author: John Parrish-Sprowl, Angus Thomson, Rodger D. Johnson, and Susan Parrish-Sprowl
Subjects: communication, process, trust, vaccine hesitancy, interpersonal communication, complexity, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: The World Health Organization named vaccine hesitancy a leading global health threat of modern time. Addressing this public health issue requires a multi-front strategy, one such strategic effort is training health care professionals to respond to reluctant patients/caregivers or those who refuse vaccines. AIMS (Announce, Inquire, Mirror, and Secure) is designed to help HCPs engaged in more productive conversations with patients/caregivers to secure trust, a key behavior leading to higher vaccination rates.
Published: 2023
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3. Editorial: Complexity-based approaches in health communication

Author: John Parrish-Sprowl, Linda Ziberi, and Susan Parrish-Sprowl
Subjects: complexity, communication, quantum, bioactive, systemic, Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Published: 2023
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4. Student Attitudes Contribute to the Effectiveness of a Genomics CURE

Author: David Lopatto, Anne G. Rosenwald, Rebecca C. Burgess, Catherine Silver Key, Melanie Van Stry, Matthew Wawersik, Justin R. DiAngelo, Amy T. Hark, Matthew Skerritt, Anna K. Allen, Consuelo Alvarez, Sara Anderson, Cindy Arrigo, Andrew Arsham, Daron Barnard, James E. J. Bedard, Indrani Bose, John M. Braverman, Martin G. Burg, Paula Croonquist, Chunguang Du, Sondra Dubowsky, Heather Eisler, Matthew A. Escobar, Michael Foulk, Thomas Giarla, Rivka L. Glaser, Anya L. Goodman, Yuying Gosser, Adam Haberman, Charles Hauser, Shan Hays, Carina E. Howell, Jennifer Jemc, Christopher J. Jones, Lisa Kadlec, Jacob D. Kagey, Kimberly L. Keller, Jennifer Kennell, Adam J. Kleinschmit, Melissa Kleinschmit, Nighat P. Kokan, Olga Ruiz Kopp, Meg M. Laakso, Judith Leatherman, Lindsey J. Long, Mollie Manier, Juan C. Martinez-Cruzado, Luis F. Matos, Amie Jo McClellan, Gerard McNeil, Evan Merkhofer, Vida Mingo, Hemlata Mistry, Elizabeth Mitchell, Nathan T. Mortimer, Jennifer Leigh Myka, Alexis Nagengast, Paul Overvoorde, Don Paetkau, Leocadia Paliulis, Susan Parrish, Stephanie Toering Peters, Mary Lai Preuss, James V. Price, Nicholas A. Pullen, Catherine Reinke, Dennis Revie, Srebrenka Robic, Jennifer A. Roecklein-Canfield, Michael R. Rubin, Takrima Sadikot, Jamie Siders Sanford, Maria Santisteban, Kenneth Saville, Stephanie Schroeder, Christopher D. Shaffer, Karim A. Sharif, Diane E. Sklensky, Chiyedza Small, Sheryl Smith, Rebecca Spokony, Aparna Sreenivasan, Joyce Stamm, Rachel Sterne-Marr, Katherine C. Teeter, Justin Thackeray, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Norma Velazquez-Ulloa, Cindy Wolfe, James Youngblom, Brian Yowler, Leming Zhou, Janie Brennan, Jeremy Buhler, Wilson Leung, Sarah C. R. Elgin, and Laura K. Reed
Subjects: active learning, bioinformatics, CUREs, genomics, undergraduate education, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: ABSTRACT The Genomics Education Partnership (GEP) engages students in a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE). To better understand the student attributes that support success in this CURE, we asked students about their attitudes using previously published scales that measure epistemic beliefs about work and science, interest in science, and grit. We found, in general, that the attitudes students bring with them into the classroom contribute to two outcome measures, namely, learning as assessed by a pre- and postquiz and perceived self-reported benefits. While the GEP CURE produces positive outcomes overall, the students with more positive attitudes toward science, particularly with respect to epistemic beliefs, showed greater gains. The findings indicate the importance of a student’s epistemic beliefs to achieving positive learning outcomes.
Published: 2022
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5. The Mimivirus L375 Nudix enzyme hydrolyzes the 5' mRNA cap.

Author: Grace Kago and Susan Parrish
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The giant Mimivirus is a member of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), a group of diverse viruses that contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes that replicate primarily in eukaryotic hosts. Two members of the NCLDV, Vaccinia Virus (VACV) and African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), both synthesize Nudix enzymes that have been shown to decap mRNA, a process thought to accelerate viral and host mRNA turnover and promote the shutoff of host protein synthesis. Mimivirus encodes two Nudix enzymes in its genome, denoted as L375 and L534. Importantly, L375 exhibits sequence similarity to ASFV-DP and eukaryotic Dcp2, two Nudix enzymes shown to possess mRNA decapping activity. In this work, we demonstrate that recombinant Mimivirus L375 cleaves the 5' m7GpppN mRNA cap, releasing m7GDP as a product. L375 did not significantly cleave mRNAs containing an unmethylated 5'GpppN cap, indicating that this enzyme specifically hydrolyzes methylated-capped transcripts. A point mutation in the L375 Nudix motif completely eliminated cap hydrolysis, showing that decapping activity is dependent on this motif. Addition of uncapped RNA significantly reduced L375 decapping activity, suggesting that L375 may recognize its substrate through interaction with the RNA body.
Published: 2021
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6. Innovations in Addressing Mental Health Needs in Humanitarian Settings: A Complexity Informed Action Research Case Study

Author: Susan Parrish-Sprowl, John Parrish-Sprowl, and Samia Alajlouni
Subjects: mental health, MHPSS, global health, humanitarian settings, refugee healthcare, communication ecology, Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract: Addressing mental health challenges in humanitarian settings, where needs are many and resources are scarce, requires innovative solutions. In this manuscript, we describe a quantum complexity informed intervention, Communication for Whole Health (CWH), developed at the request of a large Jordanian healthcare NGO to address mental health needs of patients and staff. In the humanitarian aid context, this health domain is referred to by the acronym MHPSS (mental health and psychosocial support). The focus of this participatory action research project, presented here as a case study, was the collaborative elaboration of an MHPSS intervention in an urban primary healthcare clinic serving mostly Syrian refugees. The intervention capitalizes on the synergistic effects generated from the systemic nature of communication where every interaction is an intervention, and the health implications of research demonstrating communication is bioactive. Rather than treating mental health as an add-on medical specialty targeting patients with “psychiatric disorders,” systemic MHPSS starts from the premise that everyone has mental health, which is inextricably linked to physical and social health. Emphasis is on integrating awareness of mental health as part of whole health and taking advantage of every interaction to facilitate well-being for patients and staff. The intervention facilitated the transformation of the communication ecology of the clinic from a culture of reactivity to a culture of receptivity by strengthening communication resources and practices. Staff reported feeling more empowered to help patients and displayed increased motivation to find innovative ways to use available resources. They felt better equipped to manage their own stress response and support coworkers. Patients learned basic stress management skills, helping them better manage chronic health conditions, and reported sharing this information with family members. Staff reported many examples of patients responding positively to interventions to reduce patient reactivity, leading to beneficial behavior change and improved health outcomes. Results suggest a systemic MHPSS approach can contribute to ameliorating health inequities by expanding resources for patients and staff, empowering them to act into their current circumstances to support whole health. The CWH approach has potential in similar contexts to address mental health needs in a cost-effective and impactful way.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Facilitating Growth through Frustration: Using Genomics Research in a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Author: David Lopatto, Anne G. Rosenwald, Justin R. DiAngelo, Amy T. Hark, Matthew Skerritt, Matthew Wawersik, Anna K. Allen, Consuelo Alvarez, Sara Anderson, Cindy Arrigo, Andrew Arsham, Daron Barnard, Christopher Bazinet, James E. J. Bedard, Indrani Bose, John M. Braverman, Martin G. Burg, Rebecca C. Burgess, Paula Croonquist, Chunguang Du, Sondra Dubowsky, Heather Eisler, Matthew A. Escobar, Michael Foulk, Emily Furbee, Thomas Giarla, Rivka L. Glaser, Anya L. Goodman, Yuying Gosser, Adam Haberman, Charles Hauser, Shan Hays, Carina E. Howell, Jennifer Jemc, M. Logan Johnson, Christopher J. Jones, Lisa Kadlec, Jacob D. Kagey, Kimberly L. Keller, Jennifer Kennell, S. Catherine Silver Key, Adam J. Kleinschmit, Melissa Kleinschmit, Nighat P. Kokan, Olga Ruiz Kopp, Meg M. Laakso, Judith Leatherman, Lindsey J. Long, Mollie Manier, Juan C. Martinez-Cruzado, Luis F. Matos, Amie Jo McClellan, Gerard McNeil, Evan Merkhofer, Vida Mingo, Hemlata Mistry, Elizabeth Mitchell, Nathan T. Mortimer, Debaditya Mukhopadhyay, Jennifer Leigh Myka, Alexis Nagengast, Paul Overvoorde, Don Paetkau, Leocadia Paliulis, Susan Parrish, Mary Lai Preuss, James V. Price, Nicholas A. Pullen, Catherine Reinke, Dennis Revie, Srebrenka Robic, Jennifer A. Roecklein-Canfield, Michael R. Rubin, Takrima Sadikot, Jamie Siders Sanford, Maria Santisteban, Kenneth Saville, Stephanie Schroeder, Christopher D. Shaffer, Karim A. Sharif, Diane E. Sklensky, Chiyedza Small, Mary Smith, Sheryl Smith, Rebecca Spokony, Aparna Sreenivasan, Joyce Stamm, Rachel Sterne-Marr, Katherine C. Teeter, Justin Thackeray, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Stephanie Toering Peters, Melanie Van Stry, Norma Velazquez-Ulloa, Cindy Wolfe, James Youngblom, Brian Yowler, Leming Zhou, Janie Brennan, Jeremy Buhler, Wilson Leung, Laura K. Reed, and Sarah C. R. Elgin
Subjects: Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: A hallmark of the research experience is encountering difficulty and working through those challenges to achieve success. This ability is essential to being a successful scientist, but replicating such challenges in a teaching setting can be difficult. The Genomics Education Partnership (GEP) is a consortium of faculty who engage their students in a genomics Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE). Students participate in genome annotation, generating gene models using multiple lines of experimental evidence. Our observations suggested that the students’ learning experience is continuous and recursive, frequently beginning with frustration but eventually leading to success as they come up with defendable gene models. In order to explore our “formative frustration” hypothesis, we gathered data from faculty via a survey, and from students via both a general survey and a set of student focus groups. Upon analyzing these data, we found that all three datasets mentioned frustration and struggle, as well as learning and better understanding of the scientific process. Bioinformatics projects are particularly well suited to the process of iteration and refinement because iterations can be performed quickly and are inexpensive in both time and money. Based on these findings, we suggest that a dynamic of “formative frustration” is an important aspect for a successful CURE.
Published: 2020
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8. Retrotransposons Are the Major Contributors to the Expansion of the Drosophila ananassae Muller F Element

Author: Wilson Leung, Christopher D. Shaffer, Elizabeth J. Chen, Thomas J. Quisenberry, Kevin Ko, John M. Braverman, Thomas C. Giarla, Nathan T. Mortimer, Laura K. Reed, Sheryl T. Smith, Srebrenka Robic, Shannon R. McCartha, Danielle R. Perry, Lindsay M. Prescod, Zenyth A. Sheppard, Ken J. Saville, Allison McClish, Emily A. Morlock, Victoria R. Sochor, Brittney Stanton, Isaac C. Veysey-White, Dennis Revie, Luis A. Jimenez, Jennifer J. Palomino, Melissa D. Patao, Shane M. Patao, Edward T. Himelblau, Jaclyn D. Campbell, Alexandra L. Hertz, Maddison F. McEvilly, Allison R. Wagner, James Youngblom, Baljit Bedi, Jeffery Bettincourt, Erin Duso, Maiye Her, William Hilton, Samantha House, Masud Karimi, Kevin Kumimoto, Rebekah Lee, Darryl Lopez, George Odisho, Ricky Prasad, Holly Lyn Robbins, Tanveer Sandhu, Tracy Selfridge, Kara Tsukashima, Hani Yosif, Nighat P. Kokan, Latia Britt, Alycia Zoellner, Eric P. Spana, Ben T. Chlebina, Insun Chong, Harrison Friedman, Danny A. Mammo, Chun L. Ng, Vinayak S. Nikam, Nicholas U. Schwartz, Thomas Q. Xu, Martin G. Burg, Spencer M. Batten, Lindsay M. Corbeill, Erica Enoch, Jesse J. Ensign, Mary E. Franks, Breanna Haiker, Judith A. Ingles, Lyndsay D. Kirkland, Joshua M. Lorenz-Guertin, Jordan Matthews, Cody M. Mittig, Nicholaus Monsma, Katherine J. Olson, Guillermo Perez-Aragon, Alen Ramic, Jordan R. Ramirez, Christopher Scheiber, Patrick A. Schneider, Devon E. Schultz, Matthew Simon, Eric Spencer, Adam C. Wernette, Maxine E. Wykle, Elizabeth Zavala-Arellano, Mitchell J. McDonald, Kristine Ostby, Peter Wendland, Justin R. DiAngelo, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Amanda H. Cox, James E.B. Docherty, Robert M. Gingras, Stephanie M. Grieb, Michael J. Pavia, Casey L. Personius, Grzegorz L. Polak, Dale L. Beach, Heaven L. Cerritos, Edward A. Horansky, Karim A. Sharif, Ryan Moran, Susan Parrish, Kirsten Bickford, Jennifer Bland, Juliana Broussard, Kerry Campbell, Katelynn E. Deibel, Richard Forka, Monika C. Lemke, Marlee B. Nelson, Catherine O'Keeffe, S. Mariel Ramey, Luke Schmidt, Paola Villegas, Christopher J. Jones, Stephanie L. Christ, Sami Mamari, Adam S. Rinaldi, Ghazal Stity, Amy T. Hark, Mark Scheuerman, S. Catherine Silver Key, Briana D. McRae, Adam S. Haberman, Sam Asinof, Harriette Carrington, Kelly Drumm, Terrance Embry, Richard McGuire, Drew Miller-Foreman, Stella Rosen, Nadia Safa, Darrin Schultz, Matt Segal, Yakov Shevin, Petros Svoronos, Tam Vuong, Gary Skuse, Don W. Paetkau, Rachael K. Bridgman, Charlotte M. Brown, Alicia R. Carroll, Francesca M. Gifford, Julie Beth Gillespie, Susan E. Herman, Krystal L. Holtcamp, Misha A. Host, Gabrielle Hussey, Danielle M. Kramer, Joan Q. Lawrence, Madeline M. Martin, Ellen N. Niemiec, Ashleigh P. O'Reilly, Olivia A. Pahl, Guadalupe Quintana, Elizabeth A.S. Rettie, Torie L. Richardson, Arianne E. Rodriguez, Mona O. Rodriguez, Laura Schiraldi, Joanna J. Smith, Kelsey F. Sugrue, Lindsey J. Suriano, Kaitlyn E. Takach, Arielle M. Vasquez, Ximena Velez, Elizabeth J. Villafuerte, Laura T. Vives, Victoria R. Zellmer, Jeanette Hauke, Charles R. Hauser, Karolyn Barker, Laurie Cannon, Perouza Parsamian, Samantha Parsons, Zachariah Wichman, Christopher W. Bazinet, Diana E. Johnson, Abubakarr Bangura, Jordan A. Black, Victoria Chevee, Sarah A. Einsteen, Sarah K. Hilton, Max Kollmer, Rahul Nadendla, Joyce Stamm, Antoinette E. Fafara-Thompson, Amber M. Gygi, Emmy E. Ogawa, Matt Van Camp, Zuzana Kocsisova, Judith L. Leatherman, Cassie M. Modahl, Michael R. Rubin, Susana S. Apiz-Saab, Suzette M. Arias-Mejias, Carlos F. Carrion-Ortiz, Patricia N. Claudio-Vazquez, Debbie M. Espada-Green, Marium Feliciano-Camacho, Karina M. Gonzalez-Bonilla, Mariela Taboas-Arroyo, Dorianmarie Vargas-Franco, Raquel Montañez-Gonzalez, Joseph Perez-Otero, Myrielis Rivera-Burgos, Francisco J. Rivera-Rosario, Heather L. Eisler, Jackie Alexander, Samatha K. Begley, Deana Gabbard, Robert J. Allen, Wint Yan Aung, William D. Barshop, Amanda Boozalis, Vanessa P. Chu, Jeremy S. Davis, Ryan N. Duggal, Robert Franklin, Katherine Gavinski, Heran Gebreyesus, Henry Z. Gong, Rachel A. Greenstein, Averill D. Guo, Casey Hanson, Kaitlin E. Homa, Simon C. Hsu, Yi Huang, Lucy Huo, Sarah Jacobs, Sasha Jia, Kyle L. Jung, Sarah Wai-Chee Kong, Matthew R. Kroll, Brandon M. Lee, Paul F. Lee, Kevin M. Levine, Amy S. Li, Chengyu Liu, Max Mian Liu, Adam P. Lousararian, Peter B. Lowery, Allyson P. Mallya, Joseph E. Marcus, Patrick C. Ng, Hien P. Nguyen, Ruchik Patel, Hashini Precht, Suchita Rastogi, Jonathan M. Sarezky, Adam Schefkind, Michael B. Schultz, Delia Shen, Tara Skorupa, Nicholas C. Spies, Gabriel Stancu, Hiu Man Vivian Tsang, Alice L. Turski, Rohit Venkat, Leah E. Waldman, Kaidi Wang, Tracy Wang, Jeffrey W. Wei, Dennis Y. Wu, David D. Xiong, Jack Yu, Karen Zhou, Gerard P. McNeil, Robert W. Fernandez, Patrick Gomez Menzies, Tingting Gu, Jeremy Buhler, Elaine R. Mardis, and Sarah C.R. Elgin
Subjects: Drosophila, genome size, heterochromatin, retrotransposons, Wolbachia, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: The discordance between genome size and the complexity of eukaryotes can partly be attributed to differences in repeat density. The Muller F element (∼5.2 Mb) is the smallest chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster, but it is substantially larger (>18.7 Mb) in D. ananassae. To identify the major contributors to the expansion of the F element and to assess their impact, we improved the genome sequence and annotated the genes in a 1.4-Mb region of the D. ananassae F element, and a 1.7-Mb region from the D element for comparison. We find that transposons (particularly LTR and LINE retrotransposons) are major contributors to this expansion (78.6%), while Wolbachia sequences integrated into the D. ananassae genome are minor contributors (0.02%). Both D. melanogaster and D. ananassae F-element genes exhibit distinct characteristics compared to D-element genes (e.g., larger coding spans, larger introns, more coding exons, and lower codon bias), but these differences are exaggerated in D. ananassae. Compared to D. melanogaster, the codon bias observed in D. ananassae F-element genes can primarily be attributed to mutational biases instead of selection. The 5′ ends of F-element genes in both species are enriched in dimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3 (H3K4me2), while the coding spans are enriched in H3K9me2. Despite differences in repeat density and gene characteristics, D. ananassae F-element genes show a similar range of expression levels compared to genes in euchromatic domains. This study improves our understanding of how transposons can affect genome size and how genes can function within highly repetitive domains.
Published: 2017
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9. Student Attitudes Contribute to the Effectiveness of a Genomics CURE

Author: David Lopatto, Anne G. Rosenwald, Rebecca C. Burgess, Catherine Silver Key, Melanie Van Stry, Matthew Wawersik, Justin R. DiAngelo, Amy T. Hark, Matthew Skerritt, Anna K. Allen, Consuelo Alvarez, Sara Anderson, Cindy Arrigo, Andrew Arsham, Daron Barnard, James E. J. Bedard, Indrani Bose, John M. Braverman, Martin G. Burg, Paula Croonquist, Chunguang Du, Sondra Dubowsky, Heather Eisler, Matthew A. Escobar, Michael Foulk, Thomas Giarla, Rivka L. Glaser, Anya L. Goodman, Yuying Gosser, Adam Haberman, Charles Hauser, Shan Hays, Carina E. Howell, Jennifer Jemc, Christopher J. Jones, Lisa Kadlec, Jacob D. Kagey, Kimberly L. Keller, Jennifer Kennell, Adam J. Kleinschmit, Melissa Kleinschmit, Nighat P. Kokan, Olga Ruiz Kopp, Meg M. Laakso, Judith Leatherman, Lindsey J. Long, Mollie Manier, Juan C. Martinez-Cruzado, Luis F. Matos, Amie Jo McClellan, Gerard McNeil, Evan Merkhofer, Vida Mingo, Hemlata Mistry, Elizabeth Mitchell, Nathan T. Mortimer, Jennifer Leigh Myka, Alexis Nagengast, Paul Overvoorde, Don Paetkau, Leocadia Paliulis, Susan Parrish, Stephanie Toering Peters, Mary Lai Preuss, James V. Price, Nicholas A. Pullen, Catherine Reinke, Dennis Revie, Srebrenka Robic, Jennifer A. Roecklein-Canfield, Michael R. Rubin, Takrima Sadikot, Jamie Siders Sanford, Maria Santisteban, Kenneth Saville, Stephanie Schroeder, Christopher D. Shaffer, Karim A. Sharif, Diane E. Sklensky, Chiyedza Small, Sheryl Smith, Rebecca Spokony, Aparna Sreenivasan, Joyce Stamm, Rachel Sterne-Marr, Katherine C. Teeter, Justin Thackeray, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Norma Velazquez-Ulloa, Cindy Wolfe, James Youngblom, Brian Yowler, Leming Zhou, Janie Brennan, Jeremy Buhler, Wilson Leung, Sarah C. R. Elgin, and Laura K. Reed
Subjects: General Immunology and Microbiology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Education
Abstract: The Genomics Education Partnership (GEP) engages students in a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE). To better understand the student attributes that support success in this CURE, we asked students about their attitudes using previously published scales that measure epistemic beliefs about work and science, interest in science, and grit. We found, in general, that the attitudes students bring with them into the classroom contribute to two outcome measures, namely, learning as assessed by a pre- and postquiz and perceived self-reported benefits. While the GEP CURE produces positive outcomes overall, the students with more positive attitudes toward science, particularly with respect to epistemic beliefs, showed greater gains. The findings indicate the importance of a student's epistemic beliefs to achieving positive learning outcomes.
Published: 2021

10. Innovations in Addressing Mental Health Needs in Humanitarian Settings: A Complexity Informed Action Research Case Study

Author: John Parrish-Sprowl, Samia Alajlouni, and Susan Parrish-Sprowl
Subjects: MHPSS, Psychological intervention, global health, Context (language use), lcsh:Communication. Mass media, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Health care, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, humanitarian settings, Humanitarian aid, business.industry, Communication, Behavior change, refugee healthcare, Mental health, lcsh:P87-96, communication ecology, business, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), mental health
Abstract: Addressing mental health challenges in humanitarian settings, where needs are many and resources are scarce, requires innovative solutions. In this manuscript, we describe a quantum complexity informed intervention, Communication for Whole Health (CWH), developed at the request of a large Jordanian healthcare NGO to address mental health needs of patients and staff. In the humanitarian aid context, this health domain is referred to by the acronym MHPSS (mental health and psychosocial support). The focus of this participatory action research project, presented here as a case study, was the collaborative elaboration of an MHPSS intervention in an urban primary healthcare clinic serving mostly Syrian refugees. The intervention capitalizes on the synergistic effects generated from the systemic nature of communication where every interaction is an intervention, and the health implications of research demonstrating communication is bioactive. Rather than treating mental health as an add-on medical specialty targeting patients with “psychiatric disorders,” systemic MHPSS starts from the premise that everyone has mental health, which is inextricably linked to physical and social health. Emphasis is on integrating awareness of mental health as part of whole health and taking advantage of every interaction to facilitate well-being for patients and staff. The intervention facilitated the transformation of the communication ecology of the clinic from a culture of reactivity to a culture of receptivity by strengthening communication resources and practices. Staff reported feeling more empowered to help patients and displayed increased motivation to find innovative ways to use available resources. They felt better equipped to manage their own stress response and support coworkers. Patients learned basic stress management skills, helping them better manage chronic health conditions, and reported sharing this information with family members. Staff reported many examples of patients responding positively to interventions to reduce patient reactivity, leading to beneficial behavior change and improved health outcomes. Results suggest a systemic MHPSS approach can contribute to ameliorating health inequities by expanding resources for patients and staff, empowering them to act into their current circumstances to support whole health. The CWH approach has potential in similar contexts to address mental health needs in a cost-effective and impactful way.
Published: 2020

11. Facilitating Growth through Frustration: Using Genomics Research in a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Author: John M. Braverman, Kenneth Saville, Mollie K. Manier, Katherine C. Teeter, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Rachel Sterne-Marr, Debaditya Mukhopadhyay, Adam Haberman, M. Logan Johnson, Jacob D. Kagey, Emily Furbee, Matthew A. Escobar, Vida Mingo, Stephanie Schroeder, Srebrenka Robic, Anya Goodman, Catherine Reinke, Yuying Gosser, Meg M. Laakso, Mary A. Smith, Daron C. Barnard, Christopher Bazinet, Nathan T. Mortimer, Mary L. Preuss, Cindy Arrigo, Paul J. Overvoorde, Elizabeth Mitchell, Rebecca C. Burgess, Wilson Leung, Diane Sklensky, Laura K. Reed, Lindsey J. Long, Don W. Paetkau, Melissa Kleinschmit, Judith Leatherman, Olga R. Kopp, Janie Brennan, Joyce Stamm, Chunguang Du, Norma A. Velázquez-Ulloa, Thomas C. Giarla, Gerard P. McNeil, Justin Thackeray, Andrew M. Arsham, Jeremy Buhler, Jennifer A. Kennell, Sara J. Anderson, Leming Zhou, Takrima Sadikot, Alexis Nagengast, Susan Parrish, Heather L. Eisler, Dennis Revie, Leocadia V. Paliulis, Chiyedza Small, Anna K. Allen, Amy T. Hark, James E. J. Bedard, Lisa Kadlec, Jeffery S. Thompson, Paula Croonquist, James V. Price, Stephanie Toering Peters, Evan C. Merkhofer, Melanie Van Stry, Matthew Skerritt, Anne G. Rosenwald, Cindy Wolfe, Nicholas Pullen, Nighat P. Kokan, Sondra Dubowsky, Jamie Siders Sanford, Rebecca Spokony, Luis F. Matos, Christopher D. Shaffer, Consuelo J. Alvarez, Justin R. DiAngelo, Jennifer Roecklein-Canfield, Maria Soledad Santisteban, Sheryl T. Smith, Juan Carlos Martínez-Cruzado, Indrani Bose, Christopher J. Jones, Adam Kleinschmit, Brian Yowler, Karim A. Sharif, S. Catherine Silver Key, Amie J. McClellan, Matthew Wawersik, Jennifer C. Jemc, Carina E. Howell, Hemlata Mistry, Rivka L. Glaser, Shan Hays, Kimberly L. Keller, Michael R. Rubin, Martin G. Burg, David Lopatto, Charles R. Hauser, James J. Youngblom, Jennifer Leigh Myka, Michael S. Foulk, and Aparna Sreenivasan
Subjects: QH301-705.5, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, Frustration, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Education, Formative assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Mathematics education, Biology (General), Set (psychology), lcsh:QH301-705.5, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, lcsh:LC8-6691, 0303 health sciences, LC8-6691, lcsh:Special aspects of education, General Immunology and Microbiology, Research, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, Special aspects of education, Focus group, lcsh:Biology (General), Undergraduate research, General partnership, Working through, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Psychology, 0503 education
Abstract: A hallmark of the research experience is encountering experimental difficulty and working through that challenge to reach success. The ability to overcome scientific challenges is essential to being a successful scientist, but replicating these challenges can be difficult in a teaching setting. The Genomics Education Partnership (GEP) is a consortium of faculty who engage their students in a genomics Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE). Students participate in genome annotation, generating gene models using multiple lines of experimental evidence. Our observations suggested that the students’ learning experience in this research is continuous and recursive, frequently beginning with frustration but eventually leading to success. In order to explore our “formative frustration” hypothesis, we gathered data about this research experience from faculty via a survey, and from students both via a general survey and a small set of focus groups administered at the end of the GEP CURE. All three datasets contained comments mentioning frustration and struggle, as well as learning and better understanding of the scientific process. Bioinformatics projects are particularly well suited to the process of iteration and refinement because iterations can be performed quickly and are inexpensive in both time and money. Based on these findings, we suggest that a dynamic of what we have deemed “formative frustration” is an important aspect for a successful CURE.
Published: 2020

12. Retrotransposons Are the Major Contributors to the Expansion of the Drosophila ananassae Muller F Element

Author: Rachael K Bridgman, Rachel A Greenstein, Maxine E Wykle, Insun Chong, Harrison Friedman, Casey Hanson, Kelly Drumm, Tingting Gu, Marium Feliciano-Camacho, Juliana Broussard, Jackie Alexander, Patrick A Schneider, Joyce Stamm, Kevin M. Levine, Jennifer Bland, Zenyth A Sheppard, Marlee B Nelson, Adam S Rinaldi, John M. Braverman, Elizabeth Zavala-Arellano, Nicholas C. Spies, Kara Tsukashima, Monika C Lemke, Ellen N Niemiec, Dale L. Beach, Krystal L Holtcamp, Mitchell J McDonald, Nadia Safa, Karim A. Sharif, Martin G. Burg, Diana L. E. Johnson, Danielle R Perry, Amy S Li, Victoria R Zellmer, Jack Y. Yu, Joan Q Lawrence, Nighat P. Kokan, Raquel Montañez-Gonzalez, Kaitlin E Homa, Perouza Parsamian, Kaitlyn E Takach, Shane M. Patao, Matthew Simon, Adam C Wernette, Chun L Ng, S Mariel Ramey, Gabrielle L. Hussey, Charles R. Hauser, Karolyn Barker, Danielle M Kramer, Alexis M Ceasrine, Mariela Taboas-Arroyo, Rebekah Lee, Alexandra L Hertz, Charlotte M Brown, Gabriel Stancu, Dorianmarie Vargas-Franco, Lindsey J Suriano, Kyle L. Jung, Sami Mamari, Gary R. Skuse, Thomas J Quisenberry, Laura K. Reed, Don W. Paetkau, Victoria Chevee, Kerry Campbell, Adam Haberman, Ghazal Stity, Antoinette E. Fafara-Thompson, Breanna Haiker, Maddison F McEvilly, Isaac C Veysey-White, Robert J Allen, Susana S Apiz-Saab, Madeline M Martin, Edward Himelblau, Laura T Vives, Arielle M Vasquez, Nathan T. Mortimer, Catherine O'Keeffe, Elizabeth J Villafuerte, Shannon R. McCartha, Kirsten Bickford, Max Kollmer, Henry Z Gong, Grzegorz L. Polak, Joanna J Smith, Terrance Embry, Katelynn E Deibel, Matt Van Camp, Devon E Schultz, Sarah Wai-Chee Kong, Leah E Waldman, Suzette M. Arias-Mejias, Yakov Shevin, Richard McGuire, Danny Mammo, Sarah K Hilton, Max Mian Liu, Jaclyn D Campbell, Robert W. Fernandez, Baljit Bedi, Jordan A Black, Christopher Scheiber, Chengyu Liu, Lindsay M Prescod, Lindsay M Corbeill, Patricia N Claudio-Vazquez, Jeremy Buhler, Michael J Pavia, Holly Lyn Robbins, Luis A. Jimenez, Tanveer Sandhu, James J. Youngblom, Jordan E. Matthews, Katherine Gavinski, Rahul Nadendla, Olivia A Pahl, Hien P Nguyen, Sasha Jia, Stephanie M Grieb, Joseph E Marcus, Michael B. Schultz, Amber M. Gygi, Emily A Morlock, Karina M Gonzalez-Bonilla, Paola Villegas, Jeffrey W Wei, Christopher J. Jones, Guadalupe Quintana, Kaidi Wang, Hiu Man Vivian Tsang, Ruchik Patel, Heaven L Cerritos, Thomas C. Giarla, Gerard P. McNeil, Michael R. Rubin, Mary E Franks, Jordan R Ramirez, Maiye Her, Matt Segal, Mark Scheuerman, Emmy E. Ogawa, Darryl Lopez, Robert M. Gingras, Simon Hsu, Amy T. Hark, Zuzana Kocsisova, Dennis Revie, Christopher Bazinet, Kevin Ko, Jeremy S Davis, Deana Gabbard, Amanda Boozalis, Suchita Rastogi, Jeffery Bettincourt, Laura Schiraldi, Edward A Horansky, Amanda H Cox, Susan Parrish, Kristine Ostby, Sarah M. Jacobs, Jesse J Ensign, Kevin Kumimoto, Paul F Lee, Nicholas U. Schwartz, David D. Xiong, Susan E Herman, Allison E. McClish, Averill D Guo, Cody M Mittig, Heran Gebreyesus, Allison R Wagner, Katherine J Olson, Lucy Huo, William D. Barshop, Victoria R Sochor, Francisco J Rivera-Rosario, Samatha K Begley, James E. B. Docherty, Brandon Lee, Eric P. Spana, Abubakarr Bangura, Sarah A Einsteen, Luke Schmidt, Arianne E. Rodriguez, Samantha Parsons, Ryan Duggal, Karen Zhou, George Odisho, Tam Vuong, Erin Duso, Adam P Lousararian, Stephanie L Christ, Christopher D. Shaffer, Myrielis Rivera-Burgos, Sam Asinof, Dennis Y. Wu, Torie L Richardson, Heather L. Eisler, Allyson P Mallya, Brittney Stanton, Elizabeth J. Chen, Laurie Cannon, Briana D McRae, Peter B Lowery, Alicia R Carroll, Judith Leatherman, Guillermo Perez-Aragon, Joshua M Lorenz-Guertin, Delia Shen, Erica Enoch, Peter Wendland, Wilson Leung, Elaine R. Mardis, Adam Schefkind, Thomas Q. Xu, Wint Yan Aung, Darrin T. Schultz, Misha A Host, Hani Yosif, Ashleigh P O'Reilly, Eric Spencer, Melissa D. Patao, Jonathan M Sarezky, Matthew R Kroll, Casey L Personius, Alice Turski, Julie Beth Gillespie, S. Catherine Silver Key, Hashini Precht, Harriette Carrington, Stella Rosen, Yi Huang, Joseph Perez-Otero, Jeanette Hauke, Elizabeth A S Rettie, Petros Svoronos, Nicholaus Monsma, Kelsey F. Sugrue, Latia Britt, Tracy Wang, Patrick Gomez Menzies, Alycia Zoellner, Francesca M Gifford, Carlos F Carrion-Ortiz, Lyndsay D Kirkland, Ryan Moran, Vinayak S. Nikam, Spencer M Batten, Vanessa P Chu, Justin R. DiAngelo, Sheryl T. Smith, Ximena Velez, Tara Skorupa, Alen Ramic, Ricky Prasad, Richard Forka, Ken Saville, Ben Chlebina, Robert Franklin, Drew Miller-Foreman, Judith A Ingles, Rohit Venkat, Jennifer J Palomino, Debbie M Espada-Green, Cassie M Modahl, William A Hilton, Tracy Selfridge, Mona O Rodriguez, Samantha House, Srebrenka Robic, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Patrick Ng, Masud Karimi, and Zachariah Wichman
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genetics, Euchromatin, biology, Drosophila ananassae, heterochromatin, Retrotransposon, Investigations, QH426-470, biology.organism_classification, Genome, retrotransposons, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Codon usage bias, genome size, Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster, Molecular Biology, Genome size, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Wolbachia
Abstract: The discordance between genome size and the complexity of eukaryotes can partly be attributed to differences in repeat density. The Muller F element (∼5.2 Mb) is the smallest chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster, but it is substantially larger (>18.7 Mb) in D. ananassae. To identify the major contributors to the expansion of the F element and to assess their impact, we improved the genome sequence and annotated the genes in a 1.4-Mb region of the D. ananassae F element, and a 1.7-Mb region from the D element for comparison. We find that transposons (particularly LTR and LINE retrotransposons) are major contributors to this expansion (78.6%), while Wolbachia sequences integrated into the D. ananassae genome are minor contributors (0.02%). Both D. melanogaster and D. ananassae F-element genes exhibit distinct characteristics compared to D-element genes (e.g., larger coding spans, larger introns, more coding exons, and lower codon bias), but these differences are exaggerated in D. ananassae. Compared to D. melanogaster, the codon bias observed in D. ananassae F-element genes can primarily be attributed to mutational biases instead of selection. The 5′ ends of F-element genes in both species are enriched in dimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3 (H3K4me2), while the coding spans are enriched in H3K9me2. Despite differences in repeat density and gene characteristics, D. ananassae F-element genes show a similar range of expression levels compared to genes in euchromatic domains. This study improves our understanding of how transposons can affect genome size and how genes can function within highly repetitive domains.
Published: 2017

13. Drosophila Muller F Elements Maintain a Distinct Set of Genomic Properties Over 40 Million Years of Evolution

Author: Raechel Harnoto, Morgan C. Anderson, Amy Z. Xu, Heather Hedeen, Arnaldo J. Santiago-Sanabria, Brandy L. Hammond, Kenneth Saville, Ross D. Kooienga, Christopher Chesley, Robert W. Morris, Aubree T. Gillis, Brittney Offenbacker, Katherine C. Palozola, Trisha Tomkins, Nicole Yu, Matthew Kwong, Megan E. Aldrup, Jordan E. Kus, Chelsey Friedrichs, Kenneth Stapleton, Carly E. Pelchen, Norma Chamma, Joshua F. Machone, Danielle Kulich, Andre Kennedy, Matt J. Crowley, Daniel Broomfield, Adeola Adebayo, Nicolas Ragland, Shady Messiah, Jonathan Misch, Meghan B. Rooney, Eva N. Rubio-Marrero, Will Sherrill, Joyce Stamm, Rachel R. Leads, Lindsey Shantzer, Alexis J. Scott, Andrew W. Waggoner, Kristen M. Cooper, Adam Haberman, Carmen A. Watchinski, Marcos A. Perez, Lisa Kadlec, Kiara N. Medina-Ortega, Kayla Chapman, Cheryl Bailey, Nicholas Fazzio, Insun Chong, Lasse Schmidt, Darla M. Balthaser, Megan DeShetler, Jien Shim, Anna Rogers, Chris Uitvlugt, Bryan Yarrington, Ruth A. Howe, Andrea Ochoa, Gregory J. Mullen, Young Lu Kim, Olivia L Knowles, Kevin M. Levine, Matthew M. Villerot, Thomas J. Rose, Jonathan E. Smith, Sukhjit Kaur, Roshni Patel, Olivia Plante, Tenzin Choeying, Jennifer R. Ramthun, Tiffany Y. Y. Choi, Michael Rahimi, Guzal Khayrullina, Lauren R. Boudreaux, James E. J. Bedard, Brian A. Dow, Christopher A. Louie, Kenneth S. Smith, Joannee Zumkehr, Marcus Gostelow, Melissa A. Tache, Tiffany Dai, Joan D. Zambrana-Burgos, Lauren R. Meyer, Carter Brown, Adam Brown, Travis Lamb, Carissa Belella, Hannah Gilman, David DuPuis, Ramón E. Rivera-Vicéns, Priyanka Naik, Anna L. Shipman, Jad El-Adaimi, Eric Spencer, Jonathan D. Marra, Melissa D. Patao, Sharon Ibarra, Jiayu Zhang, Ashley Vetor, Bobbi Botsford, Jenifer Winters, Nelson A. Valentín-Feliciano, Lauren M. Robinson, Christopher R. Macchi, Jennifer Hernández-Muñiz, E. Gloria C. Regisford, Jaelyn L. Johnson, Cory M. Dauphin, Tezin A. Walji, Matthew A. Zaborowicz, Stacey Winkler, Shannon M. Lowell, Marly R. McCracken, Andrew Adams, Lindsay A. Spaeder, Matthew W. Wolski, Adrese Kandahari, Fabiola Robles-Juarbe, Bryce A. Turner, Ángel L. Laboy-Corales, David T. Watson, Elaine J. Durchholz, Vanessa Rodriguez, Emily J. Teepe, Alaina C. Conturso, Eric Nyabeta Onsarigo, Tijana Martinov, Rohit Venkat, Charles R. Hauser, Priya Srikanth, Marwan Ibrahem, Karl E. Smith, Jessica M. Tucci, Ethan J. Brock, Aparna Sreenivasan, Jasmine Hales, Brianna K. Barnard, Andrew P. Stein, Jessica G. Thomas, Mallory Perella, Lorraine Rodriguez-Bonilla, Shekerah Primus, Zachary D. Moore, Caitlin M. Ament, Amber N. Hare, Brad Pamnani, Eugenia A. Soliterman, Christina Paluskievicz, Yashira M. Valentín-Feliciano, Alexandra K. Eckardt, Anya Goodman, Joseph W. Noynaert, Ashlee G. Johnson, Tyneshia C. P. Henry, Camille D. Ratliff, Ian O. Chase, Michel A. Conn, Jessica Koehler, Daniela Martiniuc, Allison J. Schepers, Megan B. Vylonis, Chrystel Dol, William Dirkes, Michelle S. Rivera-Llovet, Susana Rodríguez-Santiago, Heather L. Eisler, Mary L. Preuss, Daymon Peterson, Martin G. Burg, Aaditya Khatri, John R. Woytanowski, Holly Schiedermayer, Dara Cohn, Leah E Waldman, William M. Morris, Sharon C. Ehret, Marianna Defendini-Ávila, Jessica Fese, Suzette M. Arias-Mejias, Anna Kammrath, William D. Barshop, Edwin G. Ramírez-Aponte, Luis A. Jimenez, Carolina Marques dos Santos Vieira, Cody D. Kern, Francheska M. Delgado-Peraza, Tiffany Wan, Janice L. Krumm, Osagie Ighile, Eric D. Sassu, Jess M. Darusz, Laura Rodela, Daniel S. Nicolas, Shubha Govind, Mary Miller, Joseph E Marcus, Jason Pollack, Rostislav Castillo, Daniel Coomes, Matthew J. Borr, Diana Pérez-Afanador, Lucas A. Watson, Hannah C. Koaches, Amber Quintana, Faith H. Kung, Cameron B. Harris, Bridget M. Janssen, Cristina Zambrana-Echevarría, Jennifer K. Jones, Ian Dobbe, Benjamin M. Lewis, Lena N. Lupey, Julia A. Hilbrands, Cristina Montero Diez, Jorge L. Santiago-Ortiz, Dustin S. Woyski, Sandy D. Mach, Joseph Perez-Otero, Karim A. Sharif, Carlos Mendoza, John D. Fitzgibbons, Nelson H. Knudsen, Christy MacKinnon, Hayley M. Faber, Kwabea Agbley, Michelle Heslop, Olivia Cyrankowski, Priscilla Rodriguez, Melissa Jones, Jean M. Strelitz, Ryan A. Grove, Rachel A Greenstein, Michael Murillo, Elizabeth Greiner-Sosanko, Ciani Jean Sparks, Darryl McFarland, Franca G. Rossi, Heran Gebreyesus, Chris Kay, Danielle Ladzekpo, Chris Harward, Jordan S. Christie, Consuelo J. Alvarez, Elaine V. Morlock, Geoff Scott, Kelsey Hockenberger, Sepo Musokotwane, Adam Fearnow, Lauren J. Keny, Alaina J. Grantham, Evangelina Reza, Mike Colgan, Melanie K. Regan, Stephanie J. Potocny, Sasha L. Dorsett, Tara Skorupa, Valerie M. Gónzalez-Pérez, Vinayak S. Nikam, Anne C. Meier, Varun Sundaram, Helen B. Rankin, Andrew B. Nylander, Mariela Gines-Rosario, Laurell MacMillian, Jeannette M. Osterloh, Robert H. Allen, Melanie A. Smith, Sarah J. Spencer, Cheri M. Ackerman, Jeffrey L. Poet, Amanda J. Hay, Isaac O. Armistead, Laura K. Reed, Don W. Paetkau, Bib Yang, Enid M. Quintana-Torres, Kathryn L. Golden, Lauren A. DiLorenzo, Alen Ramic, Mark T. LeBlanc, Carl J. Minniti, Robert J. Bailey, Kristen M. Thomsen, Ashley L. Adams, Chad A. Koplinsky, Eliezer O. Perez-Colomba, Nicole A. Howey, Katie A. TerMeer, Stephanie Intriago, Christina N. Kufel, Mary Waters, Bo Liu, Thomas J. Bahr, Ashley R. Miller, Claire Pattison, Morgan R. Light, Amy T. Hark, Jennifer S. Doty, Catherine M. Mageeney, Adam J. Ronk, Nadezhda Fefelova, Andrew R. Armstrong, Maida Chen, Elizabeth Macias, Kim M. Chau, Paul Bilinski, Trevor G. Floyd, Cassidy T. Lee, Jenna C. Tenney, Bob Gardner, Patricia Ortiz-Ortiz, Elizabeth S. Jewell, Gabi Lucas, Brandon Lee, Jenifer N. Jarrell, Jimmy Hsiang-Chun Chang, Lorraine Malkowitz, Ulises Marrero-Llerena, Gabriel Stancu, Matthew R. Unzicker, Andrea P. Burgos-Bula, Michelle L. Miller, Elisandra Rivera, Kate Bagaeva, Jessica W. Polk, Jordan E. Carney, Maureen Corrielus, Jana Nietmann, Jeff Howenstein, Elizabeth Kiernan, Sabya A. Rauf, Brandon M. Katz, Elizabeth C. Nordman, Devon Shallman, Eric M. Clark, Lenin Lopez, Karen J. Kraftmann, Leslie Guadron, Julia Kuhn, Allison R. Schneiter, Satish C. Bhalla, Emily J. Howell, Blair Undem, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Arelys Flores-Vazquez, John Kiley, Cody M. Morrow, Joseline Serrano-González, John Mark Knepper, Christopher Beck, Calise Debow, Anna L. Smith, Angelica Garcia, Shelbi Christgen, Shadie Emiah, Tammy Mazur, Rachel E. VanDyken, Frank R. Soto delValle, Zachary Nichols, William R. Kennedy, Ameer Zidan, Douglas A. Herrick, Thomas Q. Xu, Elizabeth Shoop, Jessica A. Kampmeier, John M. Kerber, Caitlin Pozmanter, Emily L. Hong, Frederic J. Deuschle, Allyson B. Rivard, William Neutzling, Joseph V. Moran, Benjamin K. Johnson, Jacob Jipp, Shannon R. McCartha, Abby Vrable, Z. Goodwin, Suchita Rastogi, Alyssa M. Newman, Lionel Ortiz-Fuentes, Arjun A. Anilkumar, Bryan M. Hennessy, Hui-Min Chung, Katie L. Goeller, Carlos E. Santos-Ramos, Adam Dillman, Christine D. Wilson, Sarah J. Peacock, Andrew J. Kim, Carol I. Morales-Caraballo, Briana Brinkley, Justin Alldredge, Rebecca Krock, Kristen C. Davis, David Dunbar, Joshua L. Manghelli, Erica K. Earl, Katherine Gavinski, Sheryl T. Smith, Portia Mason, Lindsay J. Hoogenboom, Jessen T. Havill, Sonya G. Méndez-Castellanos, Darrin T. Schultz, Katherine J. Faber, Allison O’Rouke, Emily G. Miller, Yara Ashrawi, Curtiss E. Lane, Saryleine Ortiz-DeChoudens, Michael W. Sandusky, Andrew Montgomery, Rita Kabaso, Todd Aronhalt, Jonathan D. Foust, Jorge Ruiz, Eric Helmreich, Todd T. Eckdahl, Charlotte Lea, Kevin Coulson, Kristin M. French, Kate A. Woodard, Brandon J. Burkhart, Kylie McNeil, Curtis R. Edwards, Jimmy Ma, Darcie D. Elder, Tia DiTommaso, Nicholaus Monsma, Sarah A. Jelgerhuis, Stephanie J. Adams, Nichole Rigby, Heather L. Holderness, Charlotte Williams, Megan Donegan, Taylor S. Harding, Javier O. Martinez-Rodriguez, Sandeep Venkataram, Tiffany Wong, Anika Toorie, Jenny L. Rose, Ashley S. Brown, Sarah A. Popelka, Matthew Williams, Julie Bryant, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Sonali Kumar, Joshua Burkhardt, William J. Puetz, Erica L. Alvendia, Richard A. Tumminello, Kesley Parry, Joshua R. Smith, Ashley F. Custer, Carlos E. Ortiz, Yedda Li, April E. Bednarski, Simon Ng, Max Mandelbaum, Arlene J. Hoogewerf, Chelsea A. Walker, Ryan S. Lee, Jeannette Wong, Isabella Theresa Felzer-Kim, Harrison Friedman, Megan Bourland, Luis R. Colón-Cruz, Lucy Liu, Nicole C. Olson, Yi Ren, Adam P Lousararian, José M. Cruz-García, Charlie Manchee, Kyle Zoll, Kristina M. Stemler, Juliana Belén-Rodríguez, Ashley S. Timko, Jane Lopilato, England Raimey, Amy D. Melton, Joshua D. Forsyth, Christopher D. Savell, Himabindu Reddy, Alica B. Allen, Amanda Maffa, Daniel W. Cassidy, Luciann Bracero-Quiñones, Eric Lemmon, Justina R. Bartling, Bradley J. Ogden, Petros Svoronos, Mary Spratt, Lisa Sudmeier, Héctor A. Martell-Martínez, James F. Geary, Bridget J. Sessions, Christopher Campana, Kaitlyn A. Downey, Seth G. Dawson, Daniella Menillo, Casey Hanson, James M. Bellush, Justin A. Gonzales, Roy Song, Karvyn Torchon, Betsy Hoover, Michael Closser, Lacey Neufeld, Micah Shelton, Benjamin R. Does, Juan Carlos Martínez-Cruzado, Jordan S. Baumgardner, Nicole Chichearo, Mary T. Reilly, Colleen V. Kelley, Monica Yalamanchili, Dawn Lau, Abbie Morgan, Alyssa Cifelli, Milton R. Herrold, Ambreen Khan, James Messler, Kyle Westphal, James L. Kehoe, Juliana A. Wurzler, Garrett Salzman, Tracy Wang, Charlene Emerson, Lyndsey A. Reynolds, Alysha Moretti, Marita K. Abrams, Mara G. Cole, Michael B. Schultz, Samantha Cruz, Natalie Ngai, Nadia Safa, Vicente Velasquez, Ashley Townsend, Jonathan L. Crooke-Rosado, Amber M. Gygi, Ishwar S. Gill, Christopher McLaughlin, Dorianmarie Vargas-Franco, Alissa Beckett, Samantha Vue, Nadine L. Rossi, Justina Chinwong, Ryan Michael Rempe, Trip Freeburg, Amy J. Johnson, Omolara Glenn, Jade Lea Rekai, Hashini Gunasinghe, Vivienne Echendu, Marshall Strother, Morgan Baker, Christopher D. Smith, Paolo A. DaSilva, Noelle Delacruz, Tiara Tirasawasdichai, Yakov Shevin, Wilfried Guiblet, Shane M. Patao, Peterson R. Cullimore, Giancarlo F. Garbagnati, Adam E. Musick, Sarah C. Butzler, Jonathan D. Presley, Ana I. Correa-Muller, Christopher D. Shaffer, Chunguang Du, Ryan D. Mitchell, Jonathan P. Rennhack, Barbara L. Hopkins, Mary E. Shaw, Jessica E. Hill, Jeremy N. Wong, Anna Kim, Christopher B. Khoury, Julia Chapman, Amanda T. Mercer, Jessica A. Shuen, Joyce H. Lau, I.N. Falk, Sunil Rathore, Christopher J. Jones, Laura Simone Bisogno, Nighat P. Kokan, Paul Yenerall, Amber L. Price, Kelsey T. Bushhouse, Stephen L. McDaniel, Andrew P. Drake, Johnathan D. English, Sampson K. Boham, Robert A. Herbstsomer, Daniel S. Fosselman, Kevin Babilonia-Figueroa, Matthew Simon, Anne G. Rosenwald, Bryan J. Rupley, Heather Cohen, Victoria Scala, Avery B. Cromwell, Christopher E. Blunden, Yelena P. Davis, William B. Armstrong, Kristine Ostby, Joanna Haye, Lauren M. Wysocki, Lena Christiansen, Allison A. Throm, Sarah Flohr, Matthew Wawersik, Rebecca J. Cotteleer, Kristen R Ramirez, Dontae A. Jacobs, Sarah Woehlke, Gregory S. Messenger, Soham Aso, Nicole Clarke-Medley, Bryant R. Swanson, Lindsay K. Brouwer, S. Catherine Silver Key, Stephanie Zarrasola, Michael S. Salgado, Dong K. Rhee, Mai Abdelnabi, Eve VanEck, Jeremy Buhler, Sarah Kong, Turner Conrad, Jennifer Roecklein-Canfield, Marykathryn Tynon, Brian J. Maniaci, Alexa M. McDonough, Ivan G. Llavona-Cartagena, J. Devin Spencer, Todd D. Johnson, Azita Bashiri, Kimberley Ramsey, Mike Polen, Hien P Nguyen, Seantay D. Patterson, Lucia Wande, Nicholas U. Schwartz, Han Yuan, Albeliz Santiago-Colón, Joseph Medina, Samuel Thomas Crowley, Emma Shoemaker, Alex J. Feliciano-Cancela, Alexander J. Kujawski, Lillyann Asencio-Zayas, Gentry L. Pickett, Matt J. Randazzo, Erica Stagaard, Kristin M. LaForge, Gabriela A. Llaurador-Caraballo, Anastasia K. Yemelyanova, Alan Tseng, Erika E. Menyes, Julie Azarewicz, Christa Burke, Samuel I. Smith, Nazanin Ghavam, Carolina Gomez, Cameron Fick, Anthony Pinto, Lindsay Rios, Gary A Kuleck, Ashley Rich, Kayla A. Florian, Martin N. Cheramie, Yuki Kwan Wa Shum, Atlee Baker, LaJerald Augustine, Alyson Greenwell, Rasleen K. Saluja, Jason S. Macias, Wesley W. Winn, Samantha M. Schmuecker, Michelle E. M. Eisen, Pedro Benitez, Jeanette Hauke, Nora C. Goscinski, Justin R. DiAngelo, Carter T. Docking, David D. Xiong, Brittany D. Pasierb, Matt Van Camp, Yin Zheng, Nikie L. McCabe, Emily Reed, Katie Homa, Kimberly S. Kolibas, Elizabeth A. Karaska, Grace A. Dougherty, John P. Fanning, Michael Fasano, Joseph E. Sable, Robert W. Schulz, San Francisco Nguyen, Michael L. Rojas-Vargas, Kierstin L. Naylor, Emily Peoples, Jessica Neely, Lejla Cesko, Brionna D. Davis-Reyes, Roxanne Banker, Amanda K. Tilot, Jordan P. Brand, William H. Newhart, Lauriaun Johnson, Michelle M. Giddens, Nicole B. Clark, Anant Agarwalla, Thomas F. Minton, Dana W. Brooks, Amanda D. Garrett, Bethany M. Klett, Kristin M. Starkey, Antoinette E. Fafara-Thompson, Michael R. Rubin, Jonathon M. Benson, Erica Enoch, Amanda M. Damsteegt, Zackary W. Scott, Elisabeth A. Kelly, Jason M. Barnett, Wilson Leung, Luke J. Rodriguez-Giron, Krishna C. Mudumbi, Francis J. May, Nadyan M. Vargas-Barreto, Geeta Statton, José L. Torres-Castillo, Sarah Hirsch, Rachel M. Reem, Linghui Li, Deirdre Robinett, Jason Caronna, Abneris E. Rodríguez-Laboy, Samantha Lawrence, Katherine R. Reynolds, Corinne Weeks, Allison M. Sterling, Chun Leung Ng, Roman E. Ramirez, Daron C. Barnard, Leming Zhou, Eric P. Spana, John A. Toth, Alvin Lu, Krizia C. Menéndez-Serrano, Jonathan M. Heckman, Ben Chlebina, Matthew C. Fadus, Helmet T. Karim, Shailly Gaur, Timothy R. Jelsema, Nicholas Keysock, Thomas J. Carr, Zach Fusco, Evan M. Verbofsky, Monal Naik, Amanda H. Flores, Kristin A. Knouse, Olga R. Kopp, Elizabeth Feenstra, Edward P. Sweeney, Christen Johnson, Justin Crawford, Damian Urick, Victor W. Mullen, Carrie A. Dunham, Gabriella A. DeMichele, Mengyang Sun, William Harrington, Jessica M. Bodenberg, Xavier A. Collado-Méndez, T. Aaron Wiles, Michelle K. Powers, Phillip J. Minnick, Lourdes N. Irizarry-González, Valeria Silva, Steven Ovu, Nik Kolba, Peter Lindbeck, Jerome M. Molleston, Ifeanyi Obiorah, David Carranza, Lauren R. Beck, Alina M. Tamayo-Figueroa, Elaine R. Mardis, Rachel N. Lippert, Ingrid T. Rivera-Pagán, Mahdi Soos, Trung T. Nguyen, Megan Martinez, Van Kim, Benjamin L. Danner, Randall J. DeJong, Melissa M. Trieu, Andrea M. Senquiz-Gonzalez, Mary Grace Schueler, Emily E. Magnuson, Lesley E. Jackson, Hendrick Pagán-Torres, Fareed Sanusi, Dana Koenig, Vidya Chandrasekaran, Chinmoy I. Bhatiya, Dongyeon Kim, Paul J. Overvoorde, Reece Watson, Jennifer Schottler, Devry Lin, Jim Youngblom, Taylor Schauder, Nigel Madden, Isabel Valdez, Thomas John Reynolds, Kelly M. Deranek, Anne A. Welker, Jackie X. White, Nicole C. Riddle, Jacob Pfeil, Aldo Heredia-Negrón, Christine Langner, Tao Jian He, Jonathan P. Mecoli, Lissett Mayorga, Scott Chiang, Rishi Singhal, Julia C. Peairs, Michael Quach, Anne M. Eime, GiNell Elliott, Meleah J. Gross, Melissa Drewry, Julia A. Emerson, Anthony K. Lambright, Isaac Appiah, Gregory M. Robertson, Nathaniel Regenold, Philip Pham, George Odisho, Alexi Archambault, Matthew Dothager, Shana M. Baldassari, Paul J. Lee, Callie R. Merry, Jesse R. Farek, Archana Tare, Srebrenka Robic, William Vernon, Tam Vuong, Bethany Grace Bonifield, Katrina Thistle, Rose M. Dowd, Noor Tazudeen, Jennifer Weaver, Manpreet Kaur, Nicole M. Caesar, Yi Zhang, Michael C. Cristostomo, Albert Tzeng, Kayla Vondy, Emily Perling, Ramiro A. Chavez, Lanor S. Horton, Matt Kroll, Levent H. Beken, Justin R. Starcher, Sam Asinof, Nathalia M. Cruz, Eunice George, Adam T. Morrow, Heather Milnthorp, Cheryl Mazzeo, Kristen R. Hatfield, Anna L. Boudoures, Ashley A. Tewilliager, Edna P. Tascón-Peñaranda, Vilma F. Huerta, Sarah Tuberty, Mallory A. Williams, Rachel E. Weber, Sarah Spencer, Emily C. Leatherman, Yuying Gosser, Steve DeFazio, Patrick Ng, Jeri Sparks, Pavan Bhat, Mindy E. Bower, Jordan E. Matthews, Cyrus E. Kuschner, Anne Bertolet, Matt Kusner, Thomas C. Giarla, Jessica Penn, Gerard P. McNeil, Mariam Meghdari, Michael J. Wolyniak, Matthew Juergens, Karla I. Velázquez-Soto, Maria Kaisler, Jeanine Schibler, Alexis Nagengast, Susan Parrish, Frances Marín-Maldonado, Shiv Mohini, Jessica King, Danny Mammo, Katherine S. Harker, Allyson P. Hawkins, Kelly Drumm, Jennifer A. Lammers, Allyson P Mallya, Ashley Bryant, Katie Weihbrecht, Pete Wendland, Gabriela V. Bernal-Vega, Nestor A. Gutierrez, Armando G. Bermudez-Capo, Luke R. Salbert, Kirk Haltaufderhyde, Michelle L. Kappes, Mary A. Smith, York Chen, Miguel Vélez-Vázquez, Brittany E. Plescher, Francis D. Beauchamp-Pérez, Alyssa Ward, Andrea N. Clary, Don Foret, Mitchell J McDonald, Mariela Colon-Vazquez, Amanda L. Blaker, Hao Yang, James Z. Liu, Austin B. Limle, Henry Huang, Luis Vilanova-Velez, Edgar Garibay, Philip J. Freda, Laura L. Mays Hoopes, Maureen S. Hammond, Marian M. Kaehler, Rebecca Shuford, Ray Sunjed, Cynthia K. Hanson, Marielle VanderVennen, Idaliz M. Martínez-Traverso, Jack Y. Yu, Spencer L. Franchi, Michael Snavely, John E. Anderson, Lainey S. Rubin, Kelly K. Jones, Stephanie F. Mel, Stacey Lytle, Danny L. Tran, Chelsea R. Barberi, Max Mian Liu, Eric A. Nollet, Sarah E. Muller, Diana Norton, John M. Braverman, Thu A. Phan, Nelson Membreno, Colin Khoshabian, John Gooch, Cassandra Kubricky, Priscila M. Rodríguez-García, Anna Wylie, Diana L. E. Johnson, Anna K. Unruh, Deborah Hammett, Jon Sarezky, Marie Brown, Carolina Riascos-Cuero, Emily J. Diekema, Emmy E. Ogawa, Miranda Chavez, Zuzana Kocsisova, Dennis Revie, Anniken M. Lydon, Peter A. Cognetti, Ashley A. Collins, Tariq Abusheikh, Erin K. Luippold, Kevin Myirski, Brian O. Rodríguez-Echevarría, Haley J. Plasman, Lara Baatenburg, Jesse Hendriksma, Christopher R. Knob, Max Semon, Cassandra Farrar, Xiao Zhu, Ali Dobbe, Marie-Isabelle B. Seydoux, Griffin Sadovsky, Shreya Prasad, Victoria Newcomb, Chad Gier, Dmitri Serjanov, Jules Wellinghoff, Maxwell T. Smith-Gee, and Alexandra H. Scoma
Subjects: Transposable element, Codon Adaptation Index, Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, transposons, evolution of heterochromatin, Investigations, Genome, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, gene size, 0302 clinical medicine, melting characteristics, Species Specificity, codon bias, Genetics, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Selection, Genetic, Codon, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, Polytene Chromosomes, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Gene Rearrangement, 0303 health sciences, biology, Computational Biology, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Gene rearrangement, Exons, Genomics, biology.organism_classification, Introns, Drosophila melanogaster, Codon usage bias, DNA Transposable Elements, Drosophila, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The Muller F element (4.2 Mb, ~80 protein-coding genes) is an unusual autosome of Drosophila melanogaster; it is mostly heterochromatic with a low recombination rate. To investigate how these properties impact the evolution of repeats and genes, we manually improved the sequence and annotated the genes on the D. erecta, D. mojavensis, and D. grimshawi F elements and euchromatic domains from the Muller D element. We find that F elements have greater transposon density (25–50%) than euchromatic reference regions (3–11%). Among the F elements, D. grimshawi has the lowest transposon density (particularly DINE-1: 2% vs. 11–27%). F element genes have larger coding spans, more coding exons, larger introns, and lower codon bias. Comparison of the Effective Number of Codons with the Codon Adaptation Index shows that, in contrast to the other species, codon bias in D. grimshawi F element genes can be attributed primarily to selection instead of mutational biases, suggesting that density and types of transposons affect the degree of local heterochromatin formation. F element genes have lower estimated DNA melting temperatures than D element genes, potentially facilitating transcription through heterochromatin. Most F element genes (~90%) have remained on that element, but the F element has smaller syntenic blocks than genome averages (3.4–3.6 vs. 8.4–8.8 genes per block), indicating greater rates of inversion despite lower rates of recombination. Overall, the F element has maintained characteristics that are distinct from other autosomes in the Drosophila lineage, illuminating the constraints imposed by a heterochromatic milieu.
Published: 2015

14. A Course-Based Research Experience: How Benefits Change with Increased Investment in Instructional Time

Author: Juan Carlos Martínez-Cruzado, Gary A Kuleck, Shubha Govind, Christopher D. Smith, Judith Leatherman, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Daron C. Barnard, Christopher J. Jones, Paul J. Overvoorde, Matthew Wawersik, Amy Frary, Randall J. DeJong, Dale L. Beach, Todd T. Eckdahl, Laura L. Mays Hoopes, Marian M. Kaehler, David Lopatto, Justin R. DiAngelo, Michael R. Rubin, Mary A. Smith, Carina E. Howell, Donald R. Frohlich, Chunguang Du, Leming Zhou, Eric P. Spana, Stephanie F. Mel, John M. Braverman, Karim A. Sharif, Consuelo J. Alvarez, Gary R. Skuse, Cheryl Bailey, Anya Goodman, Kari Clase, Laura K. Reed, Anne G. Rosenwald, Don W. Paetkau, James E. J. Bedard, Mary L. Preuss, Gerard P. McNeil, Michael J. Wolyniak, Martin G. Burg, Lisa Kadlec, Alexis Nagengast, Susan Parrish, Hemlata Mistry, Hui-Min Chung, Joyce Stamm, April E. Bednarski, Sheryl T. Smith, Aparna Sreenivasan, Paul Szauter, Celeste Peterson, Stephanie Schroeder, Nighat P. Kokan, Satish C. Bhalla, Arlene J. Hoogewerf, Heather L. Eisler, Christy MacKinnon, Mary Spratt, Christopher Bazinet, Amy T. Hark, Wilson Leung, Olga R. Kopp, Diana S Johnson, Elaine R. Mardis, Mary E. Shaw, Catherine Reinke, David Dunbar, Yuying Gosser, Jane Lopilato, Vidya Chandrasekaran, Srebrenka Robic, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Kenneth Saville, Adam Haberman, Dennis Revie, Christopher D. Shaffer, Jennifer Roecklein-Canfield, Julia A. Emerson, Adam Kleinschmit, Jeremy Buhler, Charles R. Hauser, James J. Youngblom, S. Catherine Silver Key, and O'Dowd, Diane K
Subjects: Value (ethics), Program evaluation, Time Factors, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Information science, Education, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mathematics education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Humans, Learning, Cooperative Behavior, Curriculum, Biology, Mathematics, Data collection, Genome, Data Collection, Research, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Articles, Genomics, Investment (macroeconomics), Faculty, Research Personnel, Variety (cybernetics), Knowledge, Undergraduate research, Attitude, Self Report, Curriculum and Pedagogy, Program Evaluation
Abstract: While course-based research in genomics can generate both knowledge gains and a greater appreciation for how science is done, a significant investment of course time is required to enable students to show gains commensurate to a summer research experience. Nonetheless, this is a very cost-effective way to reach larger numbers of students., There is widespread agreement that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics programs should provide undergraduates with research experience. Practical issues and limited resources, however, make this a challenge. We have developed a bioinformatics project that provides a course-based research experience for students at a diverse group of schools and offers the opportunity to tailor this experience to local curriculum and institution-specific student needs. We assessed both attitude and knowledge gains, looking for insights into how students respond given this wide range of curricular and institutional variables. While different approaches all appear to result in learning gains, we find that a significant investment of course time is required to enable students to show gains commensurate to a summer research experience. An alumni survey revealed that time spent on a research project is also a significant factor in the value former students assign to the experience one or more years later. We conclude: 1) implementation of a bioinformatics project within the biology curriculum provides a mechanism for successfully engaging large numbers of students in undergraduate research; 2) benefits to students are achievable at a wide variety of academic institutions; and 3) successful implementation of course-based research experiences requires significant investment of instructional time for students to gain full benefit.
Published: 2014

15. The Genomics Education Partnership: Successful Integration of Research into Laboratory Classes at a Diverse Group of Undergraduate Institutions

Author: E. Gloria C. Regisford, Jeremy Buhler, Christopher D. Smith, Cheryl Bailey, Laura L. Mays Hoopes, Marian M. Kaehler, Anne G. Rosenwald, Elizabeth Shoop, Satish C. Bhalla, Yuying Gosser, Mary Shaw, Donald R. Frohlich, Gary A Kuleck, Gerard P. McNeil, Barbara A. Wilson, Joyce Stamm, Daron C. Barnard, Alexis Nagengast, Susan Parrish, Stephanie Schroeder, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Jennifer Leigh Myka, Consuelo J. Alvarez, Chitra Chandrasekaran, Christopher D. Shaffer, Robert W. Morris, Jim Youngblom, Paul J. Overvoorde, Mary Spratt, Diana L. E. Johnson, Todd T. Eckdahl, Charles R. Hauser, Vidya Chandrasekaran, Christopher J. Jones, David Lopatto, Kelynne E. Reed, Mary A. Smith, Robert Moss, Gary R. Skuse, Anya Goodman, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Wilson Leung, Olga R. Kopp, Nighat P. Kokan, Chunguang Du, Jeff L Poet, Elaine R. Mardis, Dennis Revie, Matthew Wawersik, Ken Saville, Douglas R Dorer, Hui-Min Chung, and Eric P. Spana
Subjects: Genetic Research, Universities, Genomics, Science education, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, Annotation, Pedagogy, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Animals, Students, Curriculum, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Medical education, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Educational technology, 050301 education, Articles, Faculty, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Undergraduate research, General partnership, Active learning, Laboratories, 0503 education
Abstract: Genomics is not only essential for students to understand biology but also provides unprecedented opportunities for undergraduate research. The goal of the Genomics Education Partnership (GEP), a collaboration between a growing number of colleges and universities around the country and the Department of Biology and Genome Center of Washington University in St. Louis, is to provide such research opportunities. Using a versatile curriculum that has been adapted to many different class settings, GEP undergraduates undertake projects to bring draft-quality genomic sequence up to high quality and/or participate in the annotation of these sequences. GEP undergraduates have improved more than 2 million bases of draft genomic sequence from several species of Drosophila and have produced hundreds of gene models using evidence-based manual annotation. Students appreciate their ability to make a contribution to ongoing research, and report increased independence and a more active learning approach after participation in GEP projects. They show knowledge gains on pre- and postcourse quizzes about genes and genomes and in bioinformatic analysis. Participating faculty also report professional gains, increased access to genomics-related technology, and an overall positive experience. We have found that using a genomics research project as the core of a laboratory course is rewarding for both faculty and students.
Published: 2010

16. Characterization of a Second Vaccinia Virus mRNA-Decapping Enzyme Conserved in Poxviruses

Author: Bernard Moss and Susan Parrish
Subjects: RNA Caps, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, viruses, Amino Acid Motifs, Immunology, Mutant, Mutation, Missense, Vaccinia virus, Biology, Guanosine Diphosphate, Microbiology, Nudix hydrolase, Virus, Substrate Specificity, Viral Proteins, Viral life cycle, Virology, parasitic diseases, Endoribonucleases, Gene expression, Point Mutation, Enzyme Inhibitors, Gene, Messenger RNA, Point mutation, virus diseases, Molecular biology, Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression, Insect Science, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Abstract: The regulation of mRNA turnover allows a cell to rapidly adjust gene expression in an adaptive manner. Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototype for the laboratory study of poxviruses, modulates both viral and host gene expression during the course of infection (12). The double-stranded DNA genome of VACV encodes approximately 200 proteins that are expressed in sequential stages delineated as early, intermediate, and late (13, 16). Although a transcriptional cascade drives entry into each phase of gene expression, rapid turnover eliminates viral mRNAs soon after their synthesis ceases, thereby augmenting progression through the virus life cycle (1). VACV infection also triggers the degradation of cellular mRNAs (2, 5), which contributes to the shutdown of host protein synthesis. A clue to the mechanism of accelerated cellular and viral mRNA degradation was obtained during studies designed to identify positive transcriptional regulators. Shors and coworkers (18) reported that overexpression of gene VACV-WR_115 (D10R) and to a lesser extent VACV-WR_114 (D9R) decreased expression of viral proteins and the quantity of transcripts possessing a 5′ cap, a structural feature of both cellular and viral messages. In contrast, a mutant virus with a deletion of the D10R gene displays persistence of cellular and viral transcripts, a delay in shutoff of host protein synthesis, and replication defects (14). Taken together, these data suggested that the D10 protein (the product of the D10R gene) regulates mRNA stability and consequently the amount and duration of host and viral proteins synthesized. Although a D9R deletion mutant virus did not exhibit replication defects in tissue culture cells, a mutant virus with deletions of both the D9R and D10R genes could not be isolated, suggesting that these two proteins have compensating functions (14). Moreover, the individual importance of D9 and D10 is reflected in the conservation of the genes for both proteins in most chordopoxviruses. D10 is the more highly conserved of the two, however, as it is one of approximately 50 proteins whose sequence can be recognized in both poxvirus subfamilies: chordopoxviruses and entomopoxviruses. Maintenance of the two genes in chordopoxviruses may be due to different functions or patterns of expression. In this regard, D9 is synthesized early in infection and D10 at late times (8). Thus, continuing synthesis of D9 or D10 may be necessary for efficient replication in vivo. The existence of related functions for D9 and D10 is suggested by their 25% sequence identity to each other and their possession of a Nudix hydrolase or MutT motif, a signature sequence characteristic of a diverse group of phosphohydrolases that cleave nucleoside diphosphates linked to another moiety, X (10). The presence of the Nudix hydrolase motif, in conjunction with the observation that overexpression of D9 and D10 reduced the quantity of capped transcripts, led to the hypothesis that D9 and D10 may cleave the m7GpppN cap structure, marking the message for subsequent degradation by cellular exonucleases. Adding support for this hypothesis, cellular Dcp2 Nudix hydrolases have been shown to modulate mRNA turnover through cleavage of the mRNA cap (19, 20). Recent biochemical investigations demonstrated that purified recombinant VACV D10 has intrinsic mRNA-decapping activity, liberating m7GDP as a product (15). Mutations in the Nudix motif abolished D10 decapping activity, indicating that the site is essential for catalysis and confirming that D10 is the protein responsible for cap cleavage (15). Here we show that D9 also has mRNA-decapping activity, although the two poxvirus Nudix hydrolases appear to have some differences in substrate recognition.
Published: 2007

17. Vaccinia virus D10 protein has mRNA decapping activity, providing a mechanism for control of host and viral gene expression

Author: Bernard Moss, Susan Parrish, and Wolfgang Resch
Subjects: Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, RNA Caps, Five-prime cap, RNA Cap Analogs, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Vaccinia virus, RNA-binding protein, Biology, Virus, Substrate Specificity, Viral Proteins, Nucleotidases, Capping enzyme, Point Mutation, Pyrophosphatases, Binding site, Messenger RNA, Binding Sites, Multidisciplinary, RNA-Binding Proteins, RNA, Biological Sciences, Molecular biology, Cell biology, Gene Expression Regulation
Abstract: Previous studies indicated that the vaccinia virus D10 protein, which is conserved in all sequenced poxviruses, participates in the rapid turnover of host and viral mRNAs. D10 contains a motif present in the family of Nudix/MutT enzymes, a subset of which has been shown to enhance mRNA turnover in eukaryotic cells through cleavage of the 5′ cap (m 7 GpppNm-). Here, we demonstrate that a purified recombinant D10 fusion protein possesses an intrinsic activity that liberates m 7 GDP from capped RNA substrates. Furthermore, point mutations in the Nudix/MutT motif abolished decapping activity. D10 has a strong affinity for capped RNA substrates ( K m ≈ 3 nm). RNAs of 24–309 nt were decapped to comparable extents, whereas the cap of a 12-nt RNA was uncleaved. At large molar ratios relative to capped RNA substrate, competitor m 7 GpppG, m 7 GTP, or m 7 GDP inhibited decapping, whereas even higher concentrations of unmethylated analogs did not. High concentrations of uncapped RNA were also inhibitory, suggesting that D10 recognizes its substrate through interaction with both cap and RNA moieties. Thus far, poxviruses represent the only virus family shown to encode a Nudix hydrolase-decapping enzyme. Although it may seem self-destructive for a virus to encode a decapping and a capping enzyme, accelerated mRNA turnover helps eliminate competing host mRNAs and allows stage-specific synthesis of viral proteins.
Published: 2007

18. A central support system can facilitate implementation and sustainability of a Classroom-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in Genomics

Author: Lisa Kadlec, Vidya Chandrasekaran, Michael R. Rubin, Aparna Sreenivasan, Srebrenka Robic, David Dunbar, Christopher D. Shaffer, Amy Frary, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Charles R. Hauser, Gerard P. McNeil, Michael J. Wolyniak, Jane Lopilato, Shubha Govind, Chunguang Du, Gary A Kuleck, Martin G. Burg, Justin R. DiAngelo, Julia A. Emerson, Jennifer A Roecklien-Canfield, Kenneth Saville, Adam Haberman, Alexis Nagengast, Susan Parrish, David Lopatto, James J. Youngblom, Wilson Leung, Laura D Reed, Nighat P. Kokan, Olga R. Kopp, Amy T. Hark, Arlene J. Hoogewerf, Mary Spratt, Yuying Gosser, Elaine R. Mardis, James E. J. Bedard, John M. Braverman, April E. Bednarski, Christy MacKinnon, Karim A. Sharif, Christopher D. Smith, Diana L. E. Johnson, Satish C. Bhalla, Marian M. Kaehler, Daron C. Barnard, Jeremy Buhler, Donald R. Frohlich, S. Catherine Silver Key, Randall J. DeJong, Stephanie F. Mel, Paul J. Overvoorde, Consuelo J. Alvarez, Jeffrey S. Thompson, Don W. Paetkau, Dennis Revie, Mary A. Smith, Mary Shaw, Todd T. Eckdahl, Joyce Stamm, Hui-Min Chung, Juan Carlos Martínez-Cruzado, Christopher J. Jones, Gary R. Skuse, Anya Goodman, Mary L. Preuss, Leming Zhou, Eric P. Spana, Anne G. Rosenwald, Matthew Wawersik, Jennifer Mary Threlfall, Stephanie Schroeder, Sheryl T. Smith, E. Gloria C. Regisford, and Dolan, Erin
Subjects: Value (ethics), Models, Educational, Universities, Genomics, Articles, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, United States, Education, Incentive, Undergraduate research, Models, Clinical Research, General partnership, Pedagogy, Sustainability, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Curriculum development, Engineering ethics, Educational, Curriculum, Program Development, Curriculum and Pedagogy
Abstract: There have been numerous calls to engage students in science as science is done. A survey of 90-plus faculty members explores barriers and incentives when developing a research-based genomics course. The results indicate that a central core supporting a national experiment can help overcome local obstacles., In their 2012 report, the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology advocated “replacing standard science laboratory courses with discovery-based research courses”—a challenging proposition that presents practical and pedagogical difficulties. In this paper, we describe our collective experiences working with the Genomics Education Partnership, a nationwide faculty consortium that aims to provide undergraduates with a research experience in genomics through a scheduled course (a classroom-based undergraduate research experience, or CURE). We examine the common barriers encountered in implementing a CURE, program elements of most value to faculty, ways in which a shared core support system can help, and the incentives for and rewards of establishing a CURE on our diverse campuses. While some of the barriers and rewards are specific to a research project utilizing a genomics approach, other lessons learned should be broadly applicable. We find that a central system that supports a shared investigation can mitigate some shortfalls in campus infrastructure (such as time for new curriculum development, availability of IT services) and provides collegial support for change. Our findings should be useful for designing similar supportive programs to facilitate change in the way we teach science for undergraduates.
Published: 2014

19. On the Role of RNA Amplification in dsRNA-Triggered Gene Silencing

Author: Ronald H.A. Plasterk, Susan Parrish, Lisa Timmons, Andrew Fire, Titia Sijen, Femke Simmer, Jamie Fleenor, and Karen L. Thijssen
Subjects: Ribonuclease III, Small interfering RNA, RNA, Untranslated, RNA-induced transcriptional silencing, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Trans-acting siRNA, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Animals, Genetically Modified, Bacterial Proteins, RNA interference, DNA-directed RNA interference, Endoribonucleases, Animals, Gene silencing, Gene Silencing, Transgenes, RNA, Small Interfering, Caenorhabditis elegans, RNA, Double-Stranded, Sequence Deletion, Models, Genetic, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, Helminth Proteins, Molecular biology, RNA silencing, RNA, Helminth, Transcription Factors
Abstract: We have investigated the role of trigger RNA amplification during RNA interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans. Analysis of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) produced during RNAi in C. elegans revealed a substantial fraction that cannot derive directly from input dsRNA. Instead, a population of siRNAs (termed secondary siRNAs) appeared to derive from the action of a cellular RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) on mRNAs that are being targeted by the RNAi mechanism. The distribution of secondary siRNAs exhibited a distinct polarity (5′→3′ on the antisense strand), suggesting a cyclic amplification process in which RdRP is primed by existing siRNAs. This amplification mechanism substantially augments the potency of RNAi-based surveillance, while ensuring that the RNAi machinery will focus on expressed mRNAs.
Published: 2001

20. Specific inhibition of gene expression by small double-stranded RNAs in invertebrate and vertebrate systems

Author: Andrew Fire, Natasha J. Caplen, Richard A. Morgan, Farhad Imani, and Susan Parrish
Subjects: Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase, Ribonuclease III, Small interfering RNA, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Trans-acting siRNA, Muscle Proteins, Biology, Transfection, Mice, Species Specificity, Genes, Reporter, DNA-directed RNA interference, RNA interference, Endoribonucleases, Gene expression, Animals, Humans, RNA, Antisense, Gene Silencing, Phosphorylation, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Cells, Cultured, RNA, Double-Stranded, Mammals, Multidisciplinary, Cell Death, RNA, Helminth Proteins, Biological Sciences, Invertebrates, Molecular biology, Long non-coding RNA, Cell biology, Luminescent Proteins, RNA silencing, Vertebrates, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins, RNA, Helminth, HeLa Cells
Abstract: Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are double-stranded RNAs of ≈21–25 nucleotides that have been shown to function as key intermediaries in triggering sequence-specific RNA degradation during posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants and RNA interference in invertebrates. siRNAs have a characteristic structure, with 5′-phosphate/3′-hydroxyl ends and a 2-base 3′ overhang on each strand of the duplex. In this study, we present data that synthetic siRNAs can induce gene-specific inhibition of expression in Caenorhabditis elegans and in cell lines from humans and mice. In each case, the interference by siRNAs was superior to the inhibition of gene expression mediated by single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides. The siRNAs seem to avoid the well documented nonspecific effects triggered by longer double-stranded RNAs in mammalian cells. These observations may open a path toward the use of siRNAs as a reverse genetic and therapeutic tool in mammalian cells.
Published: 2001

21. Genes and Mechanisms Related to RNA Interference Regulate Expression of the Small Temporal RNAs that Control C. elegans Developmental Timing

Author: Na Li, David L. Baillie, Susan Parrish, Craig C. Mello, Alla Grishok, Amy E. Pasquinelli, Andrew Fire, Darryl Conte, Gary Ruvkun, and Ilho Ha
Subjects: Heterozygote, Lin-4 microRNA precursor, Embryo, Nonmammalian, DGCR8, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Animals, Genetically Modified, Genomic Imprinting, Genes, Reporter, RNA interference, DNA-directed RNA interference, Animals, Gene Silencing, Small nucleolar RNA, Caenorhabditis elegans, Luciferases, Genes, Helminth, Phylogeny, DNA Primers, RDE-1, Genetics, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), fungi, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, RNA, RNA silencing, Larva, biology.protein, Drosophila, Female, RNA, Helminth
Abstract: RNAi is a gene-silencing phenomenon triggered by double-stranded (ds) RNA and involves the generation of 21 to 26 nt RNA segments that guide mRNA destruction. In Caenorhabditis elegans, lin-4 and let-7 encode small temporal RNAs (stRNAs) of 22 nt that regulate stage-specific development. Here we show that inactivation of genes related to RNAi pathway genes, a homolog of Drosophila Dicer (dcr-1), and two homologs of rde-1 (alg-1 and alg-2), cause heterochronic phenotypes similar to lin-4 and let-7 mutations. Further we show that dcr-1, alg-1, and alg-2 are necessary for the maturation and activity of the lin-4 and let-7 stRNAs. Our findings suggest that a common processing machinery generates guide RNAs that mediate both RNAi and endogenous gene regulation.
Published: 2001

22. Functional Anatomy of a dsRNA Trigger

Author: Andrew Fire, Craig C. Mello, Susan Parrish, SiQun Xu, and Jamie Fleenor
Subjects: Genetics, RNA silencing, Duplex (building), RNA interference, Sense (molecular biology), Nucleic acid, Homologous chromosome, RNA, Cell Biology, Biology, Molecular Biology, Antisense RNA, Cell biology
Abstract: In RNA-mediated interference (RNAi), externally provided mixtures of sense and antisense RNA trigger concerted degradation of homologous cellular RNAs. We show that RNAi requires duplex formation between the two trigger strands, that the duplex must include a region of identity between trigger and target RNAs, and that duplexes as short as 26 bp can trigger RNAi. Consistent with in vitro observations, a fraction of input dsRNA is converted in vivo to short segments of approximately 25 nt. Interference assays with modified dsRNAs indicate precise chemical requirements for both bases and backbone of the RNA trigger. Strikingly, certain modifications are well tolerated on the sense, but not the antisense, strand, indicating that the two trigger strands have distinct roles in the interference process.
Published: 2000
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23. Loss of the Putative RNA-Directed RNA Polymerase RRF-3 Makes C. elegans Hypersensitive to RNAi

Author: Andrew Fire, Ronald H.A. Plasterk, Marcel Tijsterman, Michael L. Nonet, Susan Parrish, Julie Ahringer, Sandhya P. Koushika, and Femke Simmer
Subjects: Mutant, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, RNA interference, RNA polymerase, Animals, Caenorhabditis elegans, Gene, Loss function, RNA, Double-Stranded, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), fungi, RNA, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Phenotype, Reverse genetics, chemistry, RNA Interference, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is a broadly used reverse genetics method in C. elegans [1]. Unfortunately, RNAi does not inhibit all genes [2, 3]. We show that loss of function of a putative RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) of C. elegans, RRF-3, results in a substantial enhancement of sensitivity to RNAi in diverse tissues. This is particularly striking in the nervous system; neurons that are generally refractory to RNAi in a wild-type genetic background can respond effectively to interference in an rrf-3 mutant background. These data provide the first indication of physiological negative modulation of the RNAi response and implicate an RdRP-related factor in this effect. The rrf-3 strain can be useful to study genes that, in wild-type, do not show a phenotype after RNAi, and it is probably the strain of choice for genome-wide RNAi screens.
Published: 2002
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24. The African swine fever virus g5R protein possesses mRNA decapping activity

Author: Susan Parrish, Shin-Wu Liu, Megan Hurchalla, and Bernard Moss
Subjects: GTP', g5R protein, African swine fever virus, Virus, Article, law.invention, Viral Proteins, law, Virology, Endoribonucleases, RNA, Messenger, Pyrophosphatases, mRNA decapping, chemistry.chemical_classification, Messenger RNA, Cap binding complex, biology, RNA, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, African Swine Fever Virus, Enzyme, Nudix enzyme, Biochemistry, chemistry, Recombinant DNA, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Mutant Proteins
Abstract: The African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) encodes a single Nudix enzyme in its genome, termed the g5R protein (g5Rp). Nudix phosphohydrolases cleave a variety of substrates, such as nucleotides and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. Previously, ASFV g5Rp was shown to hydrolyze diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and GTP, but was unable to cleave methylated mRNA cap analogues. In vaccinia virus (VACV), a distant relative of ASFV, the D9 and D10 Nudix enzymes were shown to cleave the mRNA cap, but only when the cap was attached to an RNA body. Here, we show that recombinant ASFV g5Rp hydrolyzes the mRNA cap when tethered to an RNA moiety, liberating m 7 GDP as a product. Mutations in the Nudix motif abolished mRNA decapping activity, confirming that g5Rp was responsible for cap cleavage. The decapping activity of g5Rp was potently inhibited by excess uncapped RNA but not by methylated cap analogues, suggesting that substrate recognition occurs by RNA binding.
Published: 2009

25. Characterization of a Vaccinia Virus Mutant with a Deletion of the D10R Gene Encoding a Putative Negative Regulator of Gene Expression

Author: Bernard Moss and Susan Parrish
Subjects: Cytoplasm, Transcription, Genetic, viruses, Immunology, Mutant, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression, Vaccinia virus, Biology, Virus Replication, Microbiology, Virus, Cell Line, Viral Proteins, Virology, Gene expression, Animals, Humans, Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus, RNA, Messenger, Cycloheximide, Regulator gene, Wild type, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Actins, Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression, Viral replication, Insect Science, Gene Deletion
Abstract: The D9 and D10 proteins of vaccinia virus are 25% identical to each other, contain a mutT motif characteristic of nudix hydrolases, and are conserved in all sequenced poxviruses. Previous studies indicated that overexpression of D10 and, to a lesser extent, D9 decreased the levels of capped mRNAs and their translation products. Here, we further characterized the D10 protein and showed that only trace amounts are associated with purified virions and that it is expressed exclusively at late times after vaccinia virus infection. A viable deletion mutant (vΔD10) produced smaller plaques and lower virus yields than either wild-type virus or a D9R deletion mutant (vΔD9). Purified vΔD10 virions appeared normal by microscopic examination and biochemical analysis but produced 6- to 10-fold-fewer plaques at the same concentration as wild-type or vΔD9 virions. When 4 PFU per cell of wild-type or vΔD9 virions or equal numbers of vΔD10 virions were used for inoculation, nearly all cells were infected in each case, but viral early and late transcription was initiated more slowly in vΔD10-infected cells than in the others. However, viral early transcripts accumulated to higher levels in vΔD10-infected cells than in cells infected with the wild type or vΔD9. In addition, viral early and late mRNAs and cellular actin mRNA persisted longer in vΔD10-infected cells than in others. Furthermore, analysis of pulse-labeled proteins indicated prolonged synthesis of cellular and viral early proteins. These results are consistent with a role for D10 in regulating RNA levels in poxvirus-infected cells.
Published: 2006

26. Reviews

Author: Walter R. Zakahi, Susan Parrish‐Sprowl, Joan Gorham, Phil Backlund, Lawrence R. Frey, Barbara Eakins, Brian David Phillips, and Peter Ehrenhaus
Subjects: Communication, Language and Linguistics, Education
Published: 1988

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26 results on '"Susan Parrish"'

1. A case for a quantum informed approach to health communication research

2. The AIMS approach: regulating receptivity in patient-provider vaccine conversations

3. Editorial: Complexity-based approaches in health communication

4. Student Attitudes Contribute to the Effectiveness of a Genomics CURE

5. The Mimivirus L375 Nudix enzyme hydrolyzes the 5' mRNA cap.

6. Innovations in Addressing Mental Health Needs in Humanitarian Settings: A Complexity Informed Action Research Case Study

7. Facilitating Growth through Frustration: Using Genomics Research in a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

8. Retrotransposons Are the Major Contributors to the Expansion of the Drosophila ananassae Muller F Element

9. Student Attitudes Contribute to the Effectiveness of a Genomics CURE

10. Innovations in Addressing Mental Health Needs in Humanitarian Settings: A Complexity Informed Action Research Case Study

11. Facilitating Growth through Frustration: Using Genomics Research in a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

12. Retrotransposons Are the Major Contributors to the Expansion of the Drosophila ananassae Muller F Element

13. Drosophila Muller F Elements Maintain a Distinct Set of Genomic Properties Over 40 Million Years of Evolution

14. A Course-Based Research Experience: How Benefits Change with Increased Investment in Instructional Time

15. The Genomics Education Partnership: Successful Integration of Research into Laboratory Classes at a Diverse Group of Undergraduate Institutions

16. Characterization of a Second Vaccinia Virus mRNA-Decapping Enzyme Conserved in Poxviruses

17. Vaccinia virus D10 protein has mRNA decapping activity, providing a mechanism for control of host and viral gene expression

18. A central support system can facilitate implementation and sustainability of a Classroom-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in Genomics

19. On the Role of RNA Amplification in dsRNA-Triggered Gene Silencing

20. Specific inhibition of gene expression by small double-stranded RNAs in invertebrate and vertebrate systems

21. Genes and Mechanisms Related to RNA Interference Regulate Expression of the Small Temporal RNAs that Control C. elegans Developmental Timing

22. Functional Anatomy of a dsRNA Trigger

23. Loss of the Putative RNA-Directed RNA Polymerase RRF-3 Makes C. elegans Hypersensitive to RNAi

24. The African swine fever virus g5R protein possesses mRNA decapping activity

25. Characterization of a Vaccinia Virus Mutant with a Deletion of the D10R Gene Encoding a Putative Negative Regulator of Gene Expression

26. Reviews

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26 results on '"Susan Parrish"'

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