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This study examines American masculinity as constructed in 136 reality television programs airing between 1948 and 2016 with an all-male or predominately male cast. We argue that televised reality programs reveal a new form of hegemonic American masculinity, namely, hyperauthentic masculinity. Hyperauthentic masculinity appears to be grounded in essential male traits, but is rather a reflexive process allowing White male viewers to imagine (re)creating a White male utopia in which they have economic and cultural dominance. Unlike previous studies that claim that reality television allows men to escape into a frontier masculinity of the past, we argue these programs encourage White men today to actively do masculinity and, more important, to believe doing hegemonic masculinity is desirable and worth fighting for.

Hegemonic masculinity is a fluid concept that varies according to historical period and social and cultural location. While much has been written about hegemonic masculinity as experienced by adult men, research is lacking on hegemonic masculinity in boyhood from an historical perspective. Using a quantitative content analysis of images on the covers of Boy’s Life magazine, this study finds three distinct historically specific images of hegemonic American boyhood masculinity: boys who serve their country as patriotic scouts in uniform; boys who admire celebrities, particularly professional athletes; and a branded boyhood in which boys wear brand name products while engaging in sports activities.

This paper argues that men’s Halloween costumes do not offer insight on versions of hegemonic and non-hegemonic masculine performativity as much as Halloween costumes tell us about the colonization of masculinity by commercial interests, thus creating yet another version of branded masculinity. The data, from a content analysis of 100 images of men’s Halloween costumes, demonstrates the considerable power commercial culture has today in constructing and limiting ideas of American masculinity through licensed/branded costumes. Men’s Halloween costumes are not a mere masquerade, an impersonation; rather commercially produced costumes masquerade as consumer “choice” while simultaneously masking the continued transformation of American masculinity into specific brand products.

SummaryStaphylococcus aureus is both a colonizer of humans and a cause of severe invasive infections. Although the genetic basis for phenotype switching from colonizing to invasive has received significant study, knowledge of host factors that antagonize the switch is limited. We show that VLDL and LDL lipoproteins interfere with this switch by antagonizing the S. aureus agr quorum-sensing system that upregulates genes required for invasive infection. The mechanism of antagonism entails binding of the major structural protein of these lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, to an S. aureus autoinducing pheromone, preventing attachment of this pheromone to the bacteria and subsequent signaling through its receptor, AgrC. Mice deficient in plasma apolipoprotein B, either genetically or pharmacologically, are more susceptible to invasive agr+ bacterial infection, but not to infection with an agr deletion mutant. Therefore, apolipoprotein B at homeostatic levels in blood is an essential innate defense effector against invasive S. aureus infection.

The academic public that I encounter at my lectures always show surprise when I speak intimately and deeply about the classroom. That public seemed particularly surprised when I said that I was working on a collection of essays about teaching. This surprise is a sad reminder of the way teaching is seen as a duller, less valuable aspect of the academic professions. This perspective on teaching is a common one.

This article examines a postmodern construct of mascu- linity in which male identity is based on consumption, a traditional role for women, rather than production. Data for this qualitative content analysis were drawn from a sample of Men's Health magazine. Analysis of the front covers, stories and features, an advice column, and advertisements reveals a construct that I identify as "branded masculinity." Branded masculinity is rooted in consumer capitalism wherein corporate profit can be enhanced by generating insecurity about one's body and one's consumer choices and then offering a solution through a particular corporate brand. The form of branded masculinity found in Men's Health constructs muscles combined with a fashion sense and the appearance of financial success as the neces- sary characteristics for a real man today. Hair is important. Which shampoo will I use today? Maybe PsycoPath ® the sports shampoo with salon-grade micro protein packed in a manly black injection-molded plastic motor-oil canister. Your hair is you—your tribe—it's your badge of clean. Hair is your document. What's on top of your head says what's inside your head. —Tyler, in Douglas Coupland, Shampoo Planet In Douglas Coupland's Generation X novel, Shampoo Planet (1992), Tyler, the twenty-two-year-old protagonist, is continually concerned with choosing the right hair care products. Searching for his identity revolves not around a job, which Tyler lacks, but around appearance. Self-doubt and fear of not finding a place in the new world economy, rather than any narcissistic impulse, induces Tyler into excessive concern about grooming. From a sociological perspective, Tyler illus- trates that the hegemonic masculinity of his father's or grandfather's day is mu- tating under the stresses of a new social structure in which consumption is more important than production. Masculinity itself is constructed as a product avail- able for consumption if one merely chooses the appropriate brand names. The

(1998). Richard A. Peterson. Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1997. 306 Pages. Sociological Focus: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 407-408.

Les AA. presentent une experience pedagogique menee au sein d'une universite americaine. Celle-ci combine analyse theâtrale et enseignement de la sociologie. Ils estiment que ces deux domaines revelent les processus de contruction de la signification. Ils passent en revue les themes etudies par ce biais et les pieces de theâtre censees illustrees ces differents themes sociologiques

A series of 4-ω-phenylalkyl substituted-1H-pyrazol-5-amines has been synthesized from the corresponding α-acetylphenylalkanenitriles and methylhydrazine. They were converted into the corresponding 5-isocyanates and cyclized under Friedel-Crafts conditions to medium-sized cyclic lactams. The reaction was shown to give the 7-, 8-, 9-, and 10-membered lactams but failed to yield the 11-membered lactam. Rings synthesized were: pyrazolo[3,4-c][2]benzazepin-2(1H)-one; 10H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][2]benzazocin-10-one; pyrazolo[3,4-c][2]benzazonin-11(1H)-one; 12H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][2]benzazocin-12-one.

Digitized x‐ray radiographs of plastic‐coated glass shells were analyzed for thickness uniformity. The glass shells were 2 μ thick with a radius of 100 μ and the plastic coating was 20 μ thick. Nearly circular contours of image intensity for the inner edge of the glass shell and the outer edge of the plastic coating were constructed. The difference between the contour radii (the thickness of the glass and plastic) was interpolated on an evenly spaced angular grid along the circumference. The thickness was Fourier analyzed with respect to the angle variable. Low angular frequency perturbations which characterize large scale thickness nonuniformity were observed.

Spherical glass shells filled with fuel mixtures of deuterium, tritium, and occasionally additional gases are required as targets for the inertial fusion program. Accurate knowledge of the amount of tritium and other gases contained in the shell is necessary. The X-ray spectrum resulting from the interaction of beta particles with the constituents of the glass shell and gas fill is analyzed. A method is presented to reduce the effort required to relate X-ray yield to tritium content.