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1. Abstract

Author

Tejinder S. Chhina, Harry Lapierre, Zane S. Jackson, Howard M. Leong-Poi, Jerome M. Teitel, David A. Latter, Bradley H. Strauss, Peter L. Gross, C. David Mazer, Richard Brull, Colin J. L. McCartney, Sherif Abbas, Hugo Nova, Regan Rawson, Vincent W. S. Chan, Joel Katz, Brent Graham, Dimitri Anastakis, Herbert von Schroeder, Alexandre Lallo, Pierre Drolet, Mélanie Lacroix, Kong E. You-Ten, Valerie B. Caraiscos, Erin M. Elliot, Victor Y. Cheng, John F. MacDonald, Beverley A. Orser, Bertrand Lau, Ban C. H. Tsui, Heather L. Mollison, William P. S. McKay, Rajesh Patel, Vance Chow, October Negraeff, Rana Karam, H. Yang, K. Raymer, R. Butler, J. Parlow, R. Roberts, David C. Campbell, Terrance W. Breen, Stephen Halpern, Holly Muir, Robert Nunn, Rita Katznelson, Keyvan Karkouti, Mohammed Ghannam, Esam Abdelnaem, Jo Carroll, Stuart McCluskey, Terrence M. Yau, Jacek Karski, Gregory M. T. Hare, Xiamao Li, Rong Qu, May S. M. Cheung, Carla Coackley, Andrew J. Baker, Michael Ronayne, Dajun Song, Frances Chung, Barnaby Ward, Suntheralingam Yogendran, Carolyn Sibbick, Lisa C. Silcox, Ted L. Ashbury, Brian Milne, Elizabeth G. VanDen Kerkhof, Pamela J. Morgan, Doreen Cleave-Hogg, Susan DeSousa, Louie Wang, Jelka Lujic, Niamh I. Donnelly, Clint J. Torok-Both, Barry Finegan, Michael J. Jacka, Barry A. Finegan, Rajiv Chawla, Ravi K. Agrawal, Mahendra Kumar, David H. Goldstein, James E. Paul, Monakshi Sawhney, W. Scott Beattie, Richard F. McLean, Joel L. Parlow, Deborah A. Tod, Dmitri Souzdalnitski, Elena Sourovtseva, Donald Livingstone, Gil Faclier, Jason Sawyer, Joseph Kay, Arsenio Avila, Mrinalini Balki, Pirjo H. Manninen, Karolinah Lukitto, Michael B. Lukins, Keya Quader, Munisha Agarwal, Rakhi Kawatra, J. S. Dali, Peter H. Mak, Geraldine Jose, Sean R. Hall, Murray Hong, Ivan L. Rapchuk, Karen Loo, Alain Deschamps, Asaha Suzuki, Akifumi Kanai, Sumio Hoka, Anthony M. -H. Ho, Manoj K. Karmakar, Anna Lee, Winnie Samy, Jie Yi, Paul B. S. Lai, Amy Cho, E. Stockton, S. Gowrie-Mohan, P. U. Ramanayake, S. Jothilingam, Ali Mirmansouri, Alese M. Wagner, Kirsten Cunningham, Shirley Perry, Sunil Desai, Clint Torok-Both, Kathryn DeKoven, Paul Brousseau, Orlando Hung, Adam Law, Derek Levangie, Ronald Cheverie, Karen M. Caputo, Robert Byrick, Martin Chapman, Kim Vicente, Glen Atlas, Josiane Léveillé, Dany Côté, Julie Soucy, Jean S. Bussières, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, George Djaiani, Vivek Rao, Michael A. Borger, Robert J. Cusimano, Anoush D. Moghadam, Abtin Heydarzadeh, Ashraf A. Fayad, Homer Yang, Elizabeth Ling, Paul K. Tenenbein, Doug Maguire, Roland Debrouwere, Peter C. Duke, Stephen E. Kowalski, Devashish Chakravarty, Jean-Yves Dupuis, Howard Nathan, Fraser Rubens, Roy Masters, Paul Hendry, Thierry Mesana, Hyun Ju Jung, Dmitri Chamchad, Valerie Arkoosh, Duminda Wijeysundera, Chris Chan, Kathleen Datillo, Joan Ivano, Cantwell Clark, Reed D. Quinn, John H. Braxton, Andreas H. Taenzer, Kristen M. Sullivan, Osama A. Al-Abdulhadi, Diane R. Biehl, Bill Y. Ong, Abdulaziz Boker, Kristine I. Stewart, Susan A. Shaw, Jeong-Yeon Hong, Susan K. Palmer, Rose Kung, Stephen H. Halpern, Jennifer A. Yee, Eric Goldszmidt, Crystal Chettle, Ralph Kern, Kristi Downey, Isabella Devito, Alison Macarthur, Niall L. Purdie, Pamela J. Angle, Christine Kurtz-Landy, David Streiner, Cathy Charles, Jo Watson MacDonnell, Desmond Lam, Lie Ming Lie, Jean E. Kronberg, Dorothy E. Thompson, Haiheng Dong, Ayman Hyder, Qinghua Wang, Wei-Yang Lu, Ngozi N. Imasogie, Atul Prahbu, Bruna Curti, Zoya Potyomkina, Matthew R. Belmont, Joseph Tjan, Cynthia A. Lien, Sanjay Patel, Charles Imarengiaye, Javad Peirovy, Reginald Edward, Frances F. Chung, Leonid Kayumov, David R. Sinclair, Henry J. Moller, Colin M. Shapiro, Guillaume Michaud, Guillaume Trager, Stephane Deschamps, Thomas M. Hemmerling, Janet Hsu, Patrick Cheng, John T. Granton, Alan D. Baxter, Salmaan Kanji, Adam D. Oxner, Karen J. Buth, Gregory M. Hirsch, Claudio DiQuinzio, Kristine A. Hirsch, A. Denault, P. Couture, M. Carrier, A. Fortier, D. Babin, J. C. Tardif, Jean-François Olivier, Fadi Basile, Ignatio Prieto, Nhiên Lê, Yuji Hirasaki, Patricia Murphy, Karen McRae, Thomas Waddell, Shaf Keshavjee, Peter Slinger, Adriaan Van Rensburg, Terry M. Yau, Eric Yeo, David Sutton, Michael Borger, Gilbert Blaise, Marius D. Gangal, Lan Gao, Stuart A. McCluskey, Wing Cheung, Bobby Metha, Humara Poonwala, Ludwik Fedorko, Johnson R. Symon, Mark D. Peterson, Carl C. P. Leipoldt, Michelle Clunie, William P. S. Mckay, Grant Miller, Joanne Guay, Louise Lortie, Soochang Son, Yunhee Kim, Toshimi Arai, Masao Yamashita, Denise Rohan, Ross Barlow, Sean J. Barbour, J. Mark Ansermino, Christine A. Vandebeek, Rangamani K. Raman, Nao Nakatsuka, Carolyne J. Montgomery, Erik D. Skarsgard, Colleen A. Court, James S. Galton, Mark W. Crawford, Basem Naser, Clifford Carter, Richard Liu, Andrew G. Usher, Dominic A. Cave, Cathy Tang, Jason A. Hayes, and Juliana M. Tan

Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, General Medicine
Published
2004

2. Anesthesia-related Deaths during Obstetric Delivery in the United States, 1979–1990

Author

Susan K. Palmer, Joy L. Hawkins, Lisa M. Koonin, and Charles P. Gibbs

Subjects
Adult, Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, business.industry, Public health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, United States, Maternal Mortality, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Regional anesthesia, Anesthesia, Emergency medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Humans, Female, Obstetric Delivery, business
Abstract

Background Anesthesia-related complications are the sixth leading cause of pregnancy-related death in the United States. This study reports characteristics of anesthesia-related deaths during obstetric delivery in the United States from 1979-1990. Methods Each state reports deaths that occur within 1 yr of delivery to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of the ongoing Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance. Maternal death certificates (with identifiers removed) matched with live birth or fetal death certificates when available from 1979-1990 were reviewed to identify deaths due to anesthesia, the cause of death, the procedure for delivery, and the type of anesthesia provided. Maternal mortality rates per million live births were calculated. Case fatality rates and risk ratios were computed to compare general to regional anesthesia for cesarean section deliveries. Results The anesthesia-related maternal mortality rate decreased from 4.3 per million live births in the first triennium (1979-1981) to 1.7 per million in the last (1988-1990). The number of deaths involving general anesthesia have remained stable, but the number of regional anesthesia-related deaths have decreased since 1984. The case-fatality risk ratio for general anesthesia was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-2.9) times that for regional anesthesia before 1985, increasing to 16.7 (95% CI, 12.9-21.8) times that after 1985. Conclusions Most maternal deaths due to complications of anesthesia occurred during general anesthesia for cesarean section. Regional anesthesia is not without risk, primarily because of the toxicity of local anesthetics and excessively high regional blocks. The incidence of these deaths is decreasing, however, and deaths due to general anesthesia remain stable in number and hence account for an increased proportion of total deaths. Heightened awareness of the toxicity of local anesthetics and related improvements in technique may have contributed to a reduction in complications of regional anesthesia.

Published
1997

3. Alterations in uteroplacental blood flow precede hypertension in preeclampsia at high altitude

Author

J. C. Berman, Stacy Zamudio, Thomas E. Dahms, Susan K. Palmer, D. A. Young, and Lorna G. Moore

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Hemodynamics, Blood volume, Iliac Artery, Preeclampsia, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Placental Circulation, Uterine artery, Ultrasonography, Blood Volume, business.industry, Altitude, Arteries, Blood flow, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hypertension, Gestation, Female, business, Blood Flow Velocity, Artery
Abstract

High-altitude residence during pregnancy is associated with an increased incidence of preeclampsia. To determine whether uteroplacental blood flow was reduced and pelvic blood flow distribution altered before the onset of hypertension, we measured common iliac (CI), uterine (UA), and external iliac (EI) artery flow velocities (FV), indexes of flow distribution, and blood volume (BV) at week 12, 24, and 36 of pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum in 23 normotensive, 7 preeclamptic, 5 transiently hypertensive, and 3 chronically hypertensive residents of 3,100 m. Normotensive women had a progressive increase in CIFV and UAFV, decrease in EIFV, redistribution of CIFV from the EI to the UA, and increase in BV with advancing pregnancy. Preeclamptic women attained maximal UAFV and redistribution of CIFV from the EI to the UA well before the onset of hypertension and, unlike normotensive women, showed no further increases near term. Plasma volume increment with pregnancy related to the fall in the EIFV/CIFV ratio. Transiently hypertensive women resembled normotensive subjects in the parameters measured, whereas chronically hypertensive subjects resembled preeclamptic subjects. We concluded that preeclamptic vs. normotensive pregnant residents of high altitude had less redistribution of CI flow to the UA and no increase in UA blood flow near term. That these differences were present before the onset of hypertension supports the concept that preeclampsia is characterized by an incomplete vascular adjustment to pregnancy.

Published
1995

4. Effect of altitude on uterine artery blood flow during normal pregnancy

Author

Lorna G. Moore, Carolyn T. Coffin, Stacy Zamudio, Susan K. Palmer, Tarshi Droma, and E. Stamm

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Physiology, business.industry, External iliac artery, Hemodynamics, Blood flow, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Common iliac artery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physiology (medical), medicine.artery, Internal medicine, Circulatory system, medicine, Cardiology, business, Uterine artery, Blood vessel
Abstract

To determine whether uterine blood flow was reduced and indexes of pelvic blood flow distribution altered in normotensive pregnancy at high (3,100 m) compared with low altitude (1,600 m), we measured uterine, common iliac, and external iliac artery blood flow velocities and diameters in women during pregnancy and again postpartum. Pregnancy increased uterine artery diameter, blood flow velocity, and volumetric flow at both altitudes. Uterine artery blood flow velocity was greater (69.0 +/- 2.2 vs. 59.4 +/- 3.0 cm/s; P < 0.005) but diameter was smaller at 3,100 m than at 1,600 m (2.5 +/- 0.3 mm vs. 3.4 +/- 0.2 mm; P < 0.005), resulting in volumetric flow that was one-third lower at week 36 of pregnancy (203 +/- 48 vs. 312 +/- 22 ml/min, respectively; P < 0.01). Pregnancy increased common iliac blood flow velocity and decreased external iliac artery blood flow velocity at both altitudes. The uterine artery received a smaller percent of common iliac flow at 3,100 than at 1,600 m (46 +/- 7 vs. 74 +/- 6%; P < 0.005). Gestational age was similar but birth weight was lower at 3,100 m than at 1,600 m. Among subjects at 1,600 m, variation in uterine blood flow velocity correlated positively with infant birth weight. We concluded that reduced uterine blood flow and altered pelvic blood flow distribution during pregnancy at high altitude likely contributed to the altitude-associated reduction in infant birth weight.

Published
1995

5. Clinical Ethics in Anesthesiology : A Case-Based Textbook

Author

Gail A. Van Norman, Stephen Jackson, Stanley H. Rosenbaum, Susan K. Palmer, Gail A. Van Norman, Stephen Jackson, Stanley H. Rosenbaum, and Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
Anesthesiology--Moral and ethical aspects
Abstract

Ethical issues facing anesthesiologists are more far-reaching than those involving virtually any other medical specialty. In this clinical ethics textbook, authors from across the USA, Canada and Europe draw on ethical principles and practical knowledge to provide a realistic understanding of ethical anesthetic practice. The result is a compilation of expert opinion and international perspectives from clinical leaders in anesthesiology. Building on real-life, case-based problems, each chapter is clinically focused and addresses both practical and theoretical issues. Topics include general operating room care, pediatric and obstetrical patient care, the intensive care unit, pain practice, research and publication, as well as discussions of lethal injection, disclosure of errors, expert witness testimony, triage in disaster and conflicts of interest with industry. An important reference tool for any anesthesiologist, whether clinical or research-oriented, this book is especially valuable for physicians involved in teaching residents and students about the ethical aspects of anesthesia practice.

Published
2011

6. Preface

Author

Susan K. Palmer, Gail A. Van Norman, Stanley H. Rosenbaum, and Stephen H. Jackson

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Intensive care, Family medicine, Anesthesiology, Medicine, Medical law, Clinical Ethics, Pain management, business
Published
2012

7. Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Author

Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Obstetrics, Medicine, Pregnancy induced, business
Published
2011

8. Contributors

Author

Sanjib Adhikary, Jorge Aguilar, Charles Ahere, Moustafa Ahmed, Jane C. Ahn, Shamsuddin Akhtar, David B. Albert, Nasrin N. Aldawoodi, John T. Algren, Gracie Almeida-Chen, David Amar, Zirka H. Anastasian, Stephen Aniskevich, Solomon Aronson, Harendra Arora, Amit Asopa, Joshua H. Atkins, John G. Augoustides, Mohammad Fareed Azam, Catherine R. Bachman, Douglas R. Bacon, Andrew D. Badley, Emily Baird, Alethia Baldwin, Ryan Ball, Amir Baluch, David Bandola, Shawn Banks, Paul G. Barash, Kathleen E. Barrett, Shawn T. Beaman, Jonathan C. Beathe, Christopher D. Beatie, W. Scott Beattie, Perry S. Bechtle, G. Richard Benzinger, Lauren Berkow, Jeffrey M. Berman, Wendy K. Bernstein, Arnold J. Berry, Frederic Berry, Ulrike Berth, Walter Bethune, Sumita Bhambhani, Shobana Bharadwaj, Neil Bhatt, Frederic T. Billings, Wendy B. Binstock, David J. Birnbach, Michael Bishop, Stephanie Black, Mary A. Blanchette, James M. Blum, Krishna Boddu, Lara Bonasera, Richard L. Boortz-Marx, Cecil O. Borel, Gregory H. Botz, Charles D. Boucek, William Bradford, Jason C. Brainard, Michelle Braunfeld, Ferne R. Braveman, Caridad Bravo-Fernandez, Peter H. Breen, Marjorie Brennan, Tricia Brentjens, Megan A. Brockel, Jay B. Brodsky, Todd A. Bromberg, Adam J. Broussard, Chris Broussard, Carmen Labrie-Brown, Robert H. Brown, Charles S. Brudney, Sorin J. Brull, Claude Brunson, Trent Bryson, Jacob M. Buchowski, Stefan Budac, Zachary D. Bush, John Butterworth, Lisbeysi Calo, Christopher Canlas, Ayana Cannon, Shawn M. Cantie, Lisa Caplan, Marco Caruso, Davide Cattano, Charles B. Cauldwell, Laura Cavallone, Maurizio Cereda, Thomas M. Chalifoux, Susan Chan, Theodore G. Cheek, Alexander Chen, Samuel A. Cherry, Albert T. Cheung, Grace L. Chien, Peter T. Choi, Christopher Ciarallo, Franklyn Cladis, Anthony J. Clapcich, Richard B. Clark, Mindy Cohen, Neal H. Cohen, Robert I. Cohen, Stephan J. Cohn, Aisling Conran, Richard I. Cook, Randall F. Coombs, David M. Corda, Daniel Cormican, Darren Cousin, Vincent S. Cowell, Lyndsey Cox, Paula A. Craigo, Richard C. Cross, Roy F. Cucchiara, William H. Daily, Gaurang Dalal, Priti Dalal, Michael Danekas, Ahmed M. Darwish, Ribal Darwish, Suanne M. Daves, Kathleen Davis, Peter J. Davis, Bracken J. De Witt, Ellise Delphin, Seema Deshpande, Dawn P. Desiderio, Tricia Desvarieux, Laura K. Diaz, Christian Diez, Sanjay Dixit, Meenakshi Dogra, Karen B. Domino, Kathryn Dorhauer, Todd Dorman, Don D. Doussan, James Duke, Ann C. Duncan, Frank W. Dupont, Andrew Dziewit, L. Jane Easdown, R. Blaine Easley, Thomas J. Ebert, David M. Eckmann, Talmage D. Egan, Seth Eisdorfer, Nabil M. Elkassabany, Ryan P. Ellender, Logan S. Emory, Monique Espinosa, Lucinda L. Everett, Nauder Faraday, James J. Fehr, James M. Feld, Lynn A. Fenton, Laura H. Ferguson, Matthew Fiegel, Aaron M. Fields, Gordon N. Finlayson, Alan Finley, Gregory W. Fischer, Gary Fiskum, Molly Fitzpatrick, Russell Flatto, Lee A. Fleisher, Ronda Flower, Annette G. Folgueras, Patrick J. Forte, Joseph F. Foss, Charles J. Fox, William R. Furman, Robert Gaiser, David R. Gambling, Scott Gardiner, Matthew L. Garvey, Abraham C. Gaupp, Steven Gayer, Jeremy M. Geiduschek, Frank Gencorelli, Eric Gewirtz, Ghaleb A. Ghani, Charles P. Gibbs, Jeremy L. Gibson, Lori Gilbert, Kevin J. Gingrich, Gregory Ginsburg, Christopher Giordano, Christine E. Goepfert, Hernando Gomez, Santiago Gomez, Alanna E. Goodman, Stephanie R. Goodman, Alexandru Gottlieb, Ori Gottlieb, Allan Gottschalk, Basavana Gouda Goudra, Harry J. Gould, Nikolaus Gravenstein, Megan Graybill, William J. Greeley, Patrick Guffey, Ala Sami Haddadin, John G. Hagen, Karim Abdel Hakim, Michael Hall, N. James Halliday, Raafat S. Hannallah, Jeremy Hansen, C. William Hanson, Charles B. Hantler, Andrew P. Harris, Jonathan Hastie, Henry A. Hawney, Stephen O. Heard, James E. Heavner, James G. Hecker, Elizabeth A. Hein, Eugenie Heitmiller, Mark Helfaer, Lori B. Heller, Andrew Hemphill, Adrian Hendrickse, Frederick A. Hensley, Ian A. Herrick, Douglas Hester, Eric J. Heyer, Michael S. Higgins, Roberta Hines, Charles W. Hogue, Kenneth J. Holroyd, Natalie F. Holt, Simon J. Howell, Faisal Huda, Keith E. Hude, Hayden R. Hughes, James M. Hunter, Brad J. Hymel, James W. Ibinson, Karen E. Iles, Robert M. Insoft, Shiroh Isono, Yulia Ivashkov, Bozena R. Jachna, Anna Jankowska, Norah Janosy, Arun L. Jayaraman, Nathalia Jimenez, Judy G. Johnson, Lyndia Jones, Edmund H. Jooste, Zeev N. Kain, Maudy Kalangie, Philip L. Kalarickal, Ihab Kamel, Mia Kang, Ivan Kangrga, Ravish Kapoor, Helen W. Karl, Christopher Karsanac, Swaminathan Karthik, Jeffrey A. Katz, Alan Kaye, Adam M. Kaye, A. Murat Kaynar, Nancy B. Kenepp, Miklos D. Kertai, Mary A. Keyes, Sarah Khan, Swapnil Khoche, David Y. Kim, Jerry H. Kim, Kimberly M. King, Jeffrey Kirsch, Matthew A. Klopman, Paul R. Knight, Donald D. Koblin, W. Andrew Kofke, Vincent J. Kopp, Joseph R. Koveleskie, Courtney Kowalczyk, Valeriy V. Kozmenko, Kaylyn Krummen, Sapna R. Kudchadkar, Nathan Kudrick, Adrienne Kung, C. Dean Kurth, Robert Kyle, J. Lance LaFleur, Jason G. Lai, Kirk Lalwani, William L. Lanier, Dawn M. Larson, Richard M. Layman, Chris C. Lee, Mark J. Lema, W. Casey Lenox, Jacqueline M. Leung, Roy C. Levitt, Jerrold H. Levy, J. Lance Lichtor, Charles Lin, Sharon L. Lin, Karen S. Lindeman, Lesley Lirette, Ronald S. Litman, Qianjin Liu, Renyu Liu, Wen-Shin Liu, Justin Lockman, Stanley L. Loftness, Martin J. London, Philip D. Lumb, M. Concetta Lupa, Anne Marie Lynn, Devi Mahendran, Jeffrey Mako, Anuj Malhotra, Vinod Malhotra, Andrew M. Malinow, Mark G. Mandabach, Dennis T. Mangano, Sobia Mansoor, Inna Maranets, Jonathan B. Mark, Sinisa Markovic, H. Michael Marsh, Choendal Martin, Nicole D. Martin, Douglas Martz, Veronica A. Matei, Letha Mathews, Lynne G. Maxwell, Philip McArdle, John P. McCarren, Brenda C. McClain, Brian McClure, William A. McDade, Kathryn E. McGoldrick, Brian J. McGrath, Gregory L. McHugh, David McIlroy, Jason McKeown, Thomas M. McLoughlin, R. Yan McRae, William L. Meadow, Sameer Menda, William T. Merritt, David G. Metro, Berend Mets, Hosni Mikhaeil, David W. Miller, Jessica Miller, Mohammed Minhaj, Marek A. Mirski, Nanhi Mitter, Alexander J.C. Mittnacht, Raj K. Modak, Pierre Moine, Constance L. Monitto, Richard C. Month, Richard E. Moon, Laurel E. Moore, Roger A. Moore, Thomas A. Moore, Debra E. Morrison, Jonathan Moss, John R. Moyers, Jesse J. Muir, Adam J. Munson-Young, Stanley Muravchick, John M. Murkin, Peter Nagele, Peter A. Nagi, Daniel A. Nahrwold, Michael L. Nahrwold, Madhavi Naik, Manchula Navaratnam, Stephan P. Nebbia, Priscilla Nelson, Thai T. Nguyen, Viet Nguyen, Stavroula Nikolaidis, Zoulfira Nisnevitch, Dolores B. Njoku, Mary J. Njoku, Edward J. Norris, Omonele O. Nwokolo, Daniel Nyhan, William T. O'Byrne, Edward A. Ochroch, Andrew Oken, Nathan Orgain, Nancy E. Oriol, Pedro Orozco, Andreas M. Ostermeier, Andranik Ovassapian, Mehmet S. Ozcan, Ira Padnos, Sheela S. Pai, Nirvik Pal, Dhamodaran Palaniappan, Susan K. Palmer, Howard D. Palte, Wei Pan, Oliver Panzer, Sibi Pappachan, Anthony Passannante, Dennis A. Patel, Dilipkumar K. Patel, Kirit M. Patel, Samir Patel, Shalin Patel, Sanup Pathak, Minda L. Patt, Ronald W. Pauldine, Olga Pawelek, Tim Pawelek, Kiarash Paydar, Ronald G. Pearl, Christine Peeters-Asdourian, Padmavathi R. Perela, Charise T. Petrovitch, Patricia H. Petrozza, Dennis Phillips, Mark C. Phillips, Christine Piefer, Edgar J. Pierre, S. William Pinson, Evan G. Pivalizza, Raymond M. Planinsic, Don Poldermans, Joel M. Pomerantz, Jason E. Pope, Wanda M. Popescu, Vivian H. Porche, Jahan Porhomayon, Dmitry Portnoy, Corinne K. Postle, Paul J. Primeaux, Donald S. Prough, Ferenc Puskas, Carlos A. Puyo, Forrest Quiggle, Mary Rabb, Bronwyn R. Rae, Muhammad B. Rafique, Jesse M. Raiten, Arvind Rajagopal, Srinivasan Rajagopal, Gaurav Rajpal, Chandra Ramamoorthy, Ira J. Rampil, James G. Ramsay, James A. Ramsey, Vidya N. Rao, Joana Ratsiu, Selina Read, Ronjeet Reddy, Leila L. Reduque, David L. Reich, Karene Ricketts, Cameron Ricks, Bernhard Riedel, Jyotsna Rimal, Joseph Rinehart, James M. Riopelle, Stacey A. Rizza, Amy C. Robertson, Stephen Robinson, Peter Rock, Yillam F. Rodriguez-Blanco, Michael F. Roizen, Daniel M. Roke, Ryan Romeo, Joseph Rosa, David A. Rosen, Kathleen Rosen, Stanley H. Rosenbaum, Andrew D. Rosenberg, Andrew L. Rosenberg, Henry Rosenberg, Meg A. Rosenblatt, Steven Roth, Brian Rothman, Justin L. Rountree, Matthew J. Rowan, Marc Rozner, Ryan Rubin, Stephen M. Rupp, W. John Russell, Thomas A. Russo, Alecia L. Sabartinelli, Tetsuro Sakai, Orlando J. Salinas, Paul L. Samm, Jibin Samuel, Tor Sandven, Ted J. Sanford, Joshua W. Sappenfield, Ponnusamy Saravanan, Subramanian Sathishkumar, R. Alexander Schlichter, Eric Schnell, David L. Schreibman, Armin Schubert, Peter Schulman, Todd A. Schultz, Alan Jay Schwartz, Jamie McElrath Schwartz, Jeffrey J. Schwartz, Benjamin K. Scott, Joseph L. Seltzer, Tamas Seres, Daniel I. Sessler, Navil F. Sethna, Amar Setty, Paul W. Shabaz, Pranav Shah, Saroj Mukesh Shah, Milad Sharifpour, Joanne Shay, Jay Shepherd, Jeffrey S. Shiffrin, Marina Shindell, Daniel Siker, Richard Silverman, Brett A. Simon, Nina Singh, Ashish C. Sinha, Robert N. Sladen, Kieran A. Slevin, Tod B. Sloan, Kathleen Smith, Timothy E. Smith, Victoria Smoot, Denis Snegovskikh, Betsy Ellen Soifer, Molly Solorzano, James M. Sonner, Aris Sophocles, James A. Sparrow, Joan Spiegel, Bruce D. Spiess, Ramprasad Sripada, Stanley W. Stead, Joshua D. Stearns, Kelly Stees, Clinton Steffey, Christopher Stemland, John Stene, Christopher T. Stephens, Tracey L. Stierer, O. Jameson Stokes, Bryant W. Stolp, David F. Stowe, Ted Strickland, Suzanne Strom, Erin A. Sullivan, Michele Sumler, Dajin Sun, Lena Sun, Esther Sung, Veronica C. Swanson, Judit Szolnoki, Joe Talarico, Gee Mei Tan, Darryl T. Tang, Paul Tarasi, René Tempelhoff, John E. Tetzlaff, Alisa C. Thorne, Arlyne Thung, Vasanti Tilak, Kate Tobin, Joseph R. Tobin, Michael J. Tobin, R. David Todd, Matthew Tomlinson, Thomas J. Toung, Lien B. Tran, Minh Chau Joe Tran, Kevin K. Tremper, Sanyo Tsai, George S. Tseng, Kenneth J. Tuman, Avery Tung, Cynthia Tung, Rebecca Twersky, Mark Twite, John A. Ulatowski, Michael Urban, Manuel C. Vallejo, Andrea Vannucci, Albert J. Varon, Anasuya Vasudevan, Susheela Viswanathan, Alexander A. Vitin, Wolfgang Voelckel, Ann Walia, Russell T. Wall, Terrence Wallace, Shu-Ming Wang, David C. Warltier, Lucy Waskell, Scott Watkins, Denise Wedel, Stuart J. Weiss, Charles Weissman, Nathaen Weitzel, Gregory Weller, Gina Whitney, Robert A. Whittington, Danny Wilkerson, Nancy C. Wilkes, Michael Williams, Jimmy Windsor, Bernard Wittels, Gregory A. Wolff, Andrew K. Wong, Stacie N. Woods, A.J. Wright, Zheng Xie, Christopher C. Young, Ian Yuan, Francine S. Yudkowitz, James R. Zaidan, Paul Zanaboni, Warren M. Zapol, Angela Zimmerman, and Maurice S. Zwass

Published
2011

9. Blood volume expansion, preeclampsia, and infant birth weight at high altitude

Author

Stacy Zamudio, R. E. McCullough, Lorna G. Moore, J. C. Berman, Susan K. Palmer, Thomas E. Dahms, and R. G. McCullough

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Mean arterial pressure, Physiology, Birth weight, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Hemodynamics, Blood volume, Preeclampsia, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, Blood Volume, business.industry, Altitude, Infant, Newborn, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Blood pressure, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Low blood volume (BV) during pregnancy is associated with intrauterine growth retardation and preeclampsia, which are more common at high altitude (HA) than at low altitude. We hypothesized that reduced BV expansion during pregnancy predisposed some women to develop preeclampsia and/or have lower-birth-weight infants at HA. BV was lower in 34 HA residents (3,100 m) than in 22 moderate-altitude residents (1,600 m) while nonpregnant (58.3 +/- 1.2 vs. 72.3 +/- 1.3 ml/kg; P < 0.001) and 36 wk pregnant (69.9 +/- 1.9 vs. 83.3 +/- 3.6 ml/kg; P < 0.01). BV fell between weeks 24 and 36 of pregnancy, and total BV increment with pregnancy was less in women who developed preeclampsia or transient hypertension at HA (n = 12). At HA, total blood and plasma volume expansion and arterial O2 saturation correlated negatively with the highest mean arterial pressure recorded during pregnancy (r = -0.73, P < 0.01 and r = -0.58, P < 0.01, respectively). Total BV and late pregnancy change in BV correlated positively with infant birth weight. We concluded that BV expansion in normotensive pregnancy at HA vs. moderate altitude was similar but that nonpregnant BV was less among HA women, accounting for the low BV in pregnancy. HA women who developed preeclampsia or transient hypertension had less BV expansion, particularly during the third trimester, which was associated with smaller infants.

Published
1993

10. Anesthesia-related maternal mortality in the United States: 1979-2002

Author

Joy L. Hawkins, Jeani Chang, Charles P. Gibbs, Susan K. Palmer, William M. Callaghan, and University of Groningen

Subjects
Adult, DEATHS, Obstetric anesthesia, Anesthesia, General, FORCE, DELIVERY, Young Adult, Anesthesia, Conduction, Pregnancy, Case fatality rate, SURVEILLANCE, medicine, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Humans, Cause of death, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Cesarean Section, Mortality rate, OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Retrospective cohort study, PREGNANCY-RELATED MORTALITY, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, United States, FAILED TRACHEAL INTUBATION, Relative risk, Anesthesia, Maternal Death, Female, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine 12 years of anesthesia-related maternal deaths from 1991 to 2002 and compare them with data from 1979 to 1990, to estimate trends in anesthesia-related maternal mortality over time, and to compare the risks of general and regional anesthesia during cesarean delivery. METHODS: The authors reviewed anesthesia-related maternal deaths that occurred from 1991 to 2002. Type of anesthesia involved, mode of delivery, and cause of death were determined. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios, defined as pregnancy-related deaths due to anesthesia per million live births were calculated. Case fatality rates were estimated by applying a national estimate of the proportion of regional and general anesthetics to the national cesarean delivery rate. RESULTS: Eighty-six pregnancy-related deaths were associated with complications of anesthesia, or 1.6% of total pregnancy-related deaths. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios for deaths related to anesthesia is 1.2 per million live births for 1991-2002, a decrease of 59% from 1979-1990. Deaths mostly occurred among younger women, but the percentage of deaths among women aged 35-39 years increased substantially. Delivery method could not be determined in 14%, but the remaining 86% were undergoing cesarean delivery. Case-fatality rates for general anesthesia were 16.8 per million in 1991-1996 and 6.5 per million in 1997-2002, and for regional anesthesia were 2.5 and 3.8 per million, respectively. The resulting risk ratio between the two techniques for 1997-2002 was 1.7 (confidence interval 0.6-4.6, P=.2). CONCLUSION: Anesthetic-related maternal mortality decreased nearly 60% when data from 1979-1990 were compared with data from 1991-2002. Although case-fatality rates for general anesthesia are falling, rates for regional anesthesia are rising. (Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:69-74) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820093a9

Published
2010

11. Triage in civilian mass casualty situations

Author

Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Mass Casualty, Medical law, medicine.disease, Triage, Military medicine, Intensive care, Anesthesiology, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Medical emergency, Justice (ethics), business, Lifeboat ethics
Published
2010

12. Clinical Ethics in Anesthesiology

Author

Stanley H. Rosenbaum, Stephen H. Jackson, Gail A. Van Norman, and Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Medical law, Paternalism, Military medicine, Nursing, Informed consent, Intensive care, Anesthesiology, Honesty, Consequentialism, Medicine, business, media_common
Abstract

Ethical issues facing anesthesiologists are more far-reaching than those involving virtually any other medical specialty. In this clinical ethics textbook, authors from across the USA, Canada and Europe draw on ethical principles and practical knowledge to provide a realistic understanding of ethical anesthetic practice. The result is a compilation of expert opinion and international perspectives from clinical leaders in anesthesiology. Building on real-life, case-based problems, each chapter is clinically focused and addresses both practical and theoretical issues. Topics include general operating room care, pediatric and obstetrical patient care, the intensive care unit, pain practice, research and publication, as well as discussions of lethal injection, disclosure of errors, expert witness testimony, triage in disaster and conflicts of interest with industry. An important reference tool for any anesthesiologist, whether clinical or research-oriented, this book is especially valuable for physicians involved in teaching residents and students about the ethical aspects of anesthesia practice.

Published
2010

13. Communitarian values in medical decision-making: Native Americans

Author

Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, Surrogate decision-maker, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Beneficence, Medical law, Nursing, Informed consent, Anesthesiology, Intensive care, medicine, business, Autonomy, media_common
Abstract

This chapter explains the burdens of surrogate decision-making decision-making citing a case study of an 80 year-old widowed woman admitted for elective total hip replacement but post-surgery loses the decision-making capacity. Many European countries have autonomy-based models of decision-making for competent patients, and hierarchies for surrogate decision-making for incapacitated patients that are similar to that in the US. It may be possible to prevent confusion about the appropriate surrogate by asking all hospitalized and preoperative patients with decision-making capacity to identify their preferred surrogate decision maker(s) early in their hospital stay. Ethics and palliative care consultants can help evaluate apparent discrepancies. Decision-making capacity is assessed by evaluating patients' abilities to understand information about their condition and treatment options; appreciate that the decision at hand will affect them; explain their reasoning; and arrive at a choice consistent with their values and beliefs or a discussion of the patient's life and values.

Published
2010

15. The use of ethics consultation regarding consent and refusal

Author

Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Nursing ethics, Medical law, Treatment Refusal, Informed consent, Christian Science, Family medicine, Intensive care, Anesthesiology, medicine, Psychiatry, business, Ethics Consultation
Published
2010

18. Anesthesia-related Maternal Mortality in the United States

Author

Jeani Chang, Susan K. Palmer, William M. Callaghan, Joy L. Hawkins, and Charles P. Gibbs

Subjects
Falling (accident), Mode of delivery, General anesthetics, Regional anesthesia, business.industry, Relative risk, Anesthesia, Case fatality rate, medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Confidence interval, Cause of death
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine 12 years of anesthesia-related maternal deaths from 1991 to 2002 and compare them with data from 1979 to 1990, to estimate trends in anesthesia-related maternal mortality over time, and to compare the risks of general and regional anesthesia during cesarean delivery. METHODS: The authors reviewed anesthesia-related maternal deaths that occurred from 1991 to 2002. Type of anesthesia involved, mode of delivery, and cause of death were determined. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios, defined as pregnancy-related deaths due to anesthesia per million live births were calculated. Case fatality rates were estimated by applying a national estimate of the proportion of regional and general anesthetics to the national cesarean delivery rate. RESULTS: Eighty-six pregnancy-related deaths were associated with complications of anesthesia, or 1.6% of total pregnancy-related deaths. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios for deaths related to anesthesia is 1.2 per million live births for 1991-2002, a decrease of 59% from 1979-1990. Deaths mostly occurred among younger women, but the percentage of deaths among women aged 35-39 years increased substantially. Delivery method could not be determined in 14%, but the remaining 86% were undergoing cesarean delivery. Case-fatality rates for general anesthesia were 16.8 per million in 1991-1996 and 6.5 per million in 1997-2002, and for regional anesthesia were 2.5 and 3.8 per million, respectively. The resulting risk ratio between the two techniques for 1997-2002 was 1.7 (confidence interval 0.6-4.6, P=.2). CONCLUSION: Anesthetic-related maternal mortality decreased nearly 60% when data from 1979-1990 were compared with data from 1991-2002. Although case-fatality rates for general anesthesia are falling, rates for regional anesthesia are rising. (Obstet Gynecol 2011;117:69-74) DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820093a9

Published
2012

19. Ethics and Human Experimentation

Author

Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
Research ethics, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, Medicine, Engineering ethics, business
Published
2011

20. Commentary

Author

Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, World War II, MEDLINE, Historical Article, Medicine, Medical history, business, Classics
Published
2010

21. Anaesthesia care for obstetric patients in the United States

Author

Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
Labour analgesia, medicine.medical_specialty, Labour pain, business.industry, Anesthesia, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Regional anaesthesia, Obstetric patient, business, Abdominal Delivery, Health care financing
Abstract

The trend in American hospitals has been to provide more anaesthesia care for obstetric patients. More regional anaesthesia is being provided both for labour pain and for abdominal delivery. When given full access to anaesthesia services, about 60% of American women have chosen regional analgesia for control of labour pain. Maternal anaesthesia-related deaths have decreased at the same time that anaesthesia specialists have become more available in labour suites. The continuing access to anaesthesia services for routine and emergency conditions will be influenced by the health care financing choices that Americans make.

Published
2000

23. Altered blood pressure course during normal pregnancy and increased preeclampsia at high altitude (3100 meters) in Colorado

Author

J. C. Berman, Betsy Cregger, Susan K. Palmer, Stacy Zamudio, Lorna G. Moore, and David Young

Subjects
Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Complications of pregnancy, Colorado, Adolescent, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Blood Pressure, Preeclampsia, Cohort Studies, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, Poverty, Retrospective Studies, Obstetrics, business.industry, Altitude, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, Effects of high altitude on humans, medicine.disease, Body Height, Mean blood pressure, Blood pressure, Hypertension, Gestation, Regression Analysis, Female, business
Abstract

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the case incidences of preeclampsia at low and high altitudes and whether maternal blood pressure course during pregnancy differs between low and high altitudes. Study Design: This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies in sociodemographically matched communities at low and high altitudes in Colorado; each community had a small hospital served by family practitioners and was located >100 miles from major urban areas. Included were consecutive singleton pregnancies of women without chronic disease that resulted in live-born infants at >28 weeks' gestation during an 18-month period (n = 116 at 1260 m, n=93 at 3100 m). Clinic and hospital medical records were searched and data pertaining to hypertensive complications of pregnancy and serial blood pressure measurements were abstracted. Results: Despite similar maternal risk factors, the case incidences of preeclampsia were 16% at 3100 m and 3% at 1260 m. As in sea-level pregnancies, mean blood pressure fell until week 20 in normotensive pregnancy at 1260 m. Mean pressure rose linearly, however, in normotensive women at 3100 m and in women with preeclampsia at both 1260 m and 3100 m. High altitude acted independently of known risk factors and yielded an odds ratio for preeclampsia of 3.6 (95% confidence interval 1.1-11.9). Birth weight was 285 g lower at 3100 m despite similar gestational ages. Conclusion: The normal pregnancy-associated fall in blood pressure was absent at 3100 m, even in women who remained normotensive. The incidence of preeclampsia was increased at high altitude. Residence at high altitude interferes with the normal vascular adjustments to pregnancy, increasing the incidence of preeclampsia, and is perhaps analogous to other conditions that decrease uteroplacental oxygen delivery. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;180:1161-8.)

Published
1999

24. The Ethical Role of Medical Journal Editors

Author

Stephen H. Jackson, Gail A. Van Norman, and Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, Informed consent, Family medicine, Ethics committee, medicine, MEDLINE, Medical journal, business, Helsinki declaration
Published
2005

30. A904 ABNORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE COURSE DURING PREGNANCY IN NORMOTENSIVE WOMEN ACCOMPANIES AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF PREECLAMPSIA AT HIGH ALTITUDE

Author

Susan K. Palmer, B. Cregger, D. A. Young, J. C. Berman, Lorna G. Moore, and Stacy Zamudio

Subjects
Pregnancy, medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Blood pressure, business.industry, Obstetrics, Incidence (epidemiology), Medicine, Effects of high altitude on humans, business, medicine.disease, Preeclampsia
Published
1997

31. ALTERED HEART RATE RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA IN WOMEN WHO DEVELOP PREECLAMPSIA

Author

Lorna G. Moore, Charles P. Gibbs, Stacy Zamudio, Susan K. Palmer, and J. C. Berman

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.symptom, medicine.disease, business, Heart rate response, Preeclampsia
Published
1992

33. Epidural versus Intravenous Fentanyl

Author

Robin B. Slover and Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, Medicine, Small sample, business, Nuclear medicine
Published
1991

35. Continuous epidural analgesia for cesarean section in a patient with morbid obesity

Author

Stephen E. Abram, Bachhuber, Maitra Am, and Susan K. Palmer

Subjects
Adult, Anesthesia, Epidural, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cesarean Section, Section (typography), Surgery, Morbid obesity, Pregnancy Complications, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pregnancy, medicine, Anesthesia, Obstetrical, Humans, Female, Obesity, business
Published
1979

36. Halothane, tracheal compliance and upper-airway mechanoreceptors

Author

John P. Kampine, Edward J. Zuperku, Zeljko J. Bosnjak, Susan K. Palmer, and Robert L. Coon

Subjects
Pentobarbital, business.industry, Efferent, Airway Resistance, Stimulation, Vagus Nerve, respiratory system, Electric Stimulation, Compliance (physiology), Trachea, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dogs, Anesthesia, Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Paratracheal, Medicine, Animals, Halothane, business, Airway, Lung Compliance, medicine.drug
Abstract

This study was designed to define the effects of halothane on the compliance of the trachea. An isolated in-situ tracheal preparation was studied in 14 mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Compliance of the closed tracheal segment was measured with continuous intraluminal pressure recordings during repeated injections of known volumes of air: Slow-adapting neural activity observed in paratracheal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve accurately reflected pressure in the tracheal segment. Halothane at 0.5--4.0 per cent concentrations caused a significant (P less than 0.001) average 10 per cent increase in the compliance of the trachea. Stimulation of the efferent vagus caused a significant (P less than 0.001) average 8 per cent decrease in compliance of the trachea. After exposure to halothane, vagal stimulation still caused a significant decrease in compliance of the trachea.

Published
1978

37. Anesthetic management of the Prader--Willi syndrome

Author

Susan K. Palmer and John L. Atlee

Subjects
Male, business.industry, Nitrous Oxide, Anesthetic management, Nitrous oxide, Syndrome, Carbohydrate metabolism, Oxygen, chemistry.chemical_compound, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Glucose, chemistry, Muscular Diseases, Anesthesia, medicine, Humans, Halothane, business, Anesthesia, Inhalation, Child, medicine.drug, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Published
1976

38. Ventricular Tachycardia Terminated by Extubation of the Trachea

Author

Susan K. Palmer and Kita D. Patel

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Middle Aged, Autonomic Nervous System, Ventricular tachycardia, medicine.disease, Electrocardiography, Postoperative Complications, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tachycardia, Internal medicine, Intubation, Intratracheal, Cardiology, Humans, Medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, business
Published
1979

41. LOCAL ANESTHETIC BLOCKADE OF CANINE A– AND C-FIBERS

Author

F. A. Hopp, John P. Kampine, Susan K. Palmer, and Zeljko J. Bosnjak

Subjects
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Local anesthetic, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Anesthesia, medicine, business, Blockade
Published
1980

42. Lidocaine and Bupivacaine Differential Blockade of Isolated Canine Nerves

Author

von Colditz Jh, John P. Kampine, Zeljko J. Bosnjak, Susan K. Palmer, and F. A. Hopp

Subjects
Bupivacaine, Lidocaine, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Pharmacologic action, In vitro, Blockade, Vagus nerve, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia, medicine, Nerve block, business, medicine.drug, Phrenic nerve
Abstract

In vitro studies of pharmacologic actions of local anesthetics are usually performed at room temperature using amphibian nerves exposed to local anesthetics for substantial periods of time. We performed in vitro studies of pharmacologic responses of motor A fibers and sensory C fibers to lidocaine and bupivacaine in clinically effective concentrations using a canine nerve preparation at body temperature with short exposure times to evaluate responses under clinically relevant conditions. Differential blockade of isolated, desheathed phrenic and vagus nerves was achieved with bupivacaine (0.58 mM), C fibers being blocked before A fibers (P less than 0.05). Lidocaine (2.8 mM) did not block A and C fibers differentially.

Published
1983

43. Distance from the Skin to the Lumbar Epidural Space in an Obstetric Population

Author

Maitra Am, Susan K. Palmer, Stephen E. Abram, and von Colditz Jh

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, Pregnancy, business.industry, Obstetrics, Body height, Population, MEDLINE, Body weight, medicine.disease, Obesity, Epidural space, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Lumbar, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medicine, business, education
Published
1983

44. Obstetric Side Brace for the Delivery Room Table

Author

Stephen E. Abram, Susan K. Palmer, Anita M. Maitra, and Eric P. Jahn

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, business.industry, Delivery room, Physical therapy, Medicine, Table (database), Medical emergency, business, medicine.disease, Brace
Published
1984

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