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Introduction: In dentistry, there has been an increasing demand for aesthetics and biocompatible restorations with low plaque affinity. The success of any restoration is based on three main factors: marginal fit, fracture resistance, and aesthetics. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a polymeric material that has emerged as a novel thermoplastic material with wide applications. Aim: To evaluate the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and zirconia copings fabricated using Computer-aided Design (CAD)/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) technology. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, from November 2022 to March 2024. The present study compared the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and zirconia copings fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. All-ceramic tooth preparations were performed on extracted maxillary first premolars, and the prepared teeth were scanned. Using three dimensional (3D) printing technology, 20 resin dies were obtained. These dies were divided into two groups: 10 for PEEK and 10 for zirconia. Ten copings for zirconia and PEEK were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology, and two reference points were marked on the copings. The copings were luted with resin cement on the dies, and marginal fit and fracture resistance were recorded. The observations were statistically analysed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and a two-sample t-test. Results: The lowest mean marginal discrepancy values (18.469±6.55 μm for the palatal aspect and 17.116±6.34 μm for the buccal aspect) were observed for the zirconia copings. These values were significantly better compared to the PEEK copings (23.941±7.73 μm on the palatal aspect and 22.338±7.89 μm on the buccal aspect). In terms of fracture resistance, PEEK copings demonstrated a higher load-bearing capacity (523.11±117.27 N) and significantly better results compared to zirconia copings (395.4±150.93 N). Conclusion: The results revealed that, when comparing both PEEK and zirconia copings, zirconia copings demonstrated a better marginal fit compared to PEEK copings. However, for fracture resistance analysis, PEEK copings exhibited better load-bearing capacity than zirconia copings.

Introduction: With increasing age, patients experience a reduction in immunity and an increase in systemic illnesses. These factors significantly contribute to the occurrence of candidiasis in the oral cavity. New approaches to treating and preventing a wide range of oral disorders may become possible through host immunity modulation. Natural agents are preferred for complete denture wearers to prevent candidiasis, which is one of the leading causes of denture stomatitis. Aim: To assess the efficacy of herbal oral rinses (Triphala) and probiotics against Candida species in denture-wearing patients. Materials and Methods: This randomised double-blinded study clinical study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics at MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, from August 2022 to January 2023. Ethical clearance was obtained and 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=30): Group-A (Probiotics group) and Group-B (Triphala group). Sample collection was performed at baseline and after an 8-week experimental period. The collected samples were inoculated in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C±2°C in a Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubator. The number of Candida colonies was scored and counted using a Digital Colony Counter, reported as Colony-forming Units (CFU) at baseline and after eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon matched-pair test for comparisons within groups and the Mann-Whitney U-test for pair-wise comparisons (p0.05) was observed between the two groups, both rinses proved effective against Candida species in denture-wearing patients. However, the mean reduction in CFUs was significantly higher for Triphala (p-value=0.021). Conclusion: Both probiotics and Triphala showed a significant reduction in CFU after eight weeks of use. However, Triphala was more effective in reducing Candida compared to probiotics. Therefore, it can be considered an efficient agent for denture-wearing patients against Candida species.

Current implant therapy is a frequently employed treatment for individuals who have lost teeth, as it offers functional and biological advantages over old prostheses. Concurrently, active exploration of intervention strategies aims to prevent the progression of peri-implant diseases and manage the existing peri-implant tissue damage. Indian Society of Periodontology has recognized the need for systematic documents to update the everyday clinical practice of general dental practitioners and has provided evidence-based consensus documents, namely good clinical practice recommendations from time to time to raise the oral health-related awareness and standards of oral health-care delivery across the country. The current clinical practice recommendations focused on peri-implant care to bridge the gap between academic theory and clinical practice by compiling evidence-based suggestions for preventing and treating peri-implant diseases. Twenty-eight subject experts across the country prepared these recommendations after a thorough literature review and group discussions. The document has been prepared in three sections covering peri-implant health and maintenance, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. It will be a quick and concise reference for oral implant practitioners in patient management. The guidelines provide distinct definitions, signs, and symptoms, treatment required; recall visit specifications for plausible clinical case situations, and home-care recommendations regarding maintaining peri-implant health. The document advocates combined efforts of oral implant practitioners and the population at large with evidence-based, integrated, and comprehensive peri-implant care. By providing accessible, applicable guidance, these guidelines would empower dental professionals to uphold the well-being of implant patients and ensure the long-term success of implant therapy.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to find out the incidence of the middle mesial canal in mandibular molars by using five different techniques. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 extracted human mandibular first molars were selected, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken. Then, conventional access cavities were made, followed by troughing under dental loupes (3X), and were also examined under a dental operating microscope (DOM) (6X). Incidence of intermediate canals was noted from all these stages. Later, these teeth underwent a clearing method procedure, and incidence was noted from this stage and compared. Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy of CBCT (9 mm) had 97.48%, and evaluation under DOM had an overall accuracy of 97.33%. The least accuracy was found with the naked eye (92.67%). Conclusion: This study advocates the usage of newer methods like CBCT and DOM to find out and negotiate these accessory canals.

Aim: This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with MTA, and PRF with Biodentine as pulpotomy medicament in the permanent molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods: Sixty permanent first molars with a carious exposed tooth showing signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis with caries extending >2/3rd of dentin, but no signs of pulpal necrosis, were randomly allocated in four groups, and full pulpotomy was performed using MTA, Biodentine, PRF with MTA, and PRF with Biodentine as pulpotomy agents. The clinical and radiographic assessment was done after 24 h, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months postoperatively. Nonparametric tests, including Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman test, and Chi-square test, were used for repeated measures among the biomaterials. For pair-wise comparison of subgroups, the Wilcoxon sum-rank test was used. Results: The clinical success rate was 90.5% at a 9-month interval. There was a nonsignificant result among all the groups (P < 0.05), and all agents were equally effective in providing pain relief at all the intervals tested. No significant difference was observed between the radiographic success rates observed among the groups (P = 0.089 at 6 months and P = 0.095 at 9 months). Conclusion: Pulpotomy dressing agents used proved to be a success in mature permanent teeth with carious exposure with clinical signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis.

Background: PepGen P-15, a xenograft, has proven its periodontal regenerative potential. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate which too contributes to periodontal redevelopment through the release of different polypeptide progression factors. The present study intended to evaluate the regenerative potential of PepGen P-15 xenograft when used unaccompanied or in blend with PRF in periodontal intraosseous defects in humans through clinical and a novel computed tomography (CT) scan analysis technique. Materials and Methods: Twelve chronic periodontitis individuals with paired periodontal intraosseous defects were randomly treated either with PepGen P-15 exclusively (Control/Group A) or in concoction with PRF (Test/Group B) utilizing split-mouth study design. Pocket probing depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), and relative position of gingival margin were assessed at 3- and 6-month interval, whereas the linear and volumetric bone defect regeneration were assessed at 6 months postoperatively using CT scan. Results: Both the groups validated statistically significant PPD reduction, RAL gain at 3 and 6 months, but on intergroup comparison, test group CT images revealed significantly greater linear bone gain and volumetric bone gain, with mean difference of 0.73 ± 0.28 (P = 0.018) and 2.70 ± 1.36 (P = 0.06) at 6 months in comparison to the baseline data. Conclusions: PepGen P-15 and PRF blend had better regeneration potential for the management of intrabony defects. Further long-term investigations on large sample size are recommended to authenticate the same.

Tissue engineering is the science of design and manufacture of new tissues to replace impaired or damaged ones. The key ingredients for tissue engineering are stem cells, the morphogens, or growth factors that regulate their differentiation, and a scaffold of extracellular matrix that constitutes the microenvironment for their growth. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in applying the concept of tissue engineering to endodontics.

Recent developments in medical and dental field have shown that magnification and microsurgery can greatly improve clinical practice. The main aim of surgical intervention is not only the survival of the patient or one of his organs but also the effort to preserve a maximum amount of function and to improve patient comfort. These demands are mostly met owing to a minimally invasive surgical approach. The improved visual acuity provided by magnification opens a whole new world for those who make effort and take time to become proficient in microsurgical principles and procedures. The promising periodontal microsurgery will provide new possibilities to improve the therapeutic results for variety of periodontal surgeries. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of periodontal microsurgery, role of magnification systems, and advantages of microsurgery over conventional surgery.

Buccal exostosis is benign, broad-based surface masses of the outer or facial aspect of the maxilla and less commonly, the mandible. They begin to develop in early adulthood and may very slowly enlarge over the years. A 24-year-old female presented with gingival enlargement on the buccal aspect of both the quadrants of the maxillary arch. The overgrowth was a cosmetic problem for the patient. The etiology of the overgrowth remains unclear though the provisional diagnosis indicates toward a bony enlargement, which was confirmed with the help of transgingival probing. The bony enlargement was treated with resective osseous surgery. The following paper presents a rare case of the bilateral maxillary buccal exostosis and its successful management.

Background: Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder caused by dental plaque having mixed microbial flora. The different treatment modalities available to treat this disease are aimed at removal of micro-organisms from both hard and soft tissues. Systemic as well as local anti-microbial agents are helpful adjuncts in reducing microbes especially in inaccessible areas along with mechanical debridement therapy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a split mouth design. Thirty-five patients having at least two non-adjacent sites in different quadrants with periodontal pockets ≥5 mm and with bleeding on probing at initial visit were selected. The selected sites were treated with both scaling and root planing plus tetracycline fibers or with scaling and root planing alone. Baseline and follow-up measurements included plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. Result: Both treatment modalities were affective in improving clinical parameters over three months′ observation period. The combined antimicrobial and mechanical debridement therapy has shown better results as compared with scaling and root planing alone. Conclusion: Application of tetracycline in modified collagen matrix following scaling and root planing might be beneficial in treatment of chronic periodontitis and improving periodontal parameters for 3-month duration.