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Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0022034520970536 for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Gingival Crevicular Fluid by S. Gupta, R. Mohindra, P.K. Chauhan, V. Singla, K. Goyal, V. Sahni, R. Gaur, D.K. Verma, A. Ghosh, R.K. Soni, V. Suri, A. Bhalla and M.P. Singh in Journal of Dental Research

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of clinical, metabolic, hormonal and ultrasound features of women with PCOS in predicting the response to clomiphene citrate in treatment of infertility. Methods: A prospective observational study was done over a period of one year. A total of 164 women with PCOS related infertility were enrolled. They were treated with an incremental dose of clomiphene citrate starting with 50 mg/day to a maximum of 150 mg over 3 cycles. The response was recorded as either presence or absence of ovulation. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze various clinical, metabolic, hormonal and ultrasound features in these women. Sensitivity and specificity of each of these parameters in predicting non-responsiveness (failure to ovulate with 150 mg clomiphene) were calculated. Results: Ferriman-Gallwey score, androstenedione levels, HDL, and cholesterol were found to be the independent predictors of non-responsiveness to clomiphene citrate. The overall best predictor of non-responsiveness to clomiphene citrate is Ferriman- Gallwey score (FG). FG score, with a cut off value of 15, had 73.9% sensitivity and 86.8% specificity in predicting non-responsiveness to clomiphene. BMI was the best anthropometric predictor of the non-responsiveness to clomiphene. Fasting insulin was the best metabolic predictor of the non-responsiveness to clomiphene. AFC was the best ovarian reserve marker as the predictor of the non-responsiveness to clomiphene (cut-off value of 11.75 with 73.9% sensitivity and 73.7% specificity). Conclusion: Ferriman-Gallwey score, androstenedione levels, and lipid profile are clinically useful parameters to predict which groups of PCOS women are unlikely to respond to clomiphene.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of death in patients with chronic hepatitis. In this international collaboration, we sought to develop a global universal HCC risk score to predict the HCC development for patients with chronic hepatitis. Methods: A total of 17,374 patients, comprising 10,578 treated Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 2,510 treated Caucasian patients with CHB, 3,566 treated patients with hepatitis C virus (including 2,489 patients with cirrhosis achieving a sustained virological response) and 720 patients with non-viral hepatitis (NVH) from 11 international prospective observational cohorts or randomised controlled trials, were divided into a training cohort (3,688 Asian patients with CHB) and 9 validation cohorts with different aetiologies and ethnicities (n = 13,686). Results: We developed an HCC risk score, called the aMAP score (ranging from 0 to 100), that involves only age, male, albumin–bilirubin and platelets. This metric performed excellently in assessing HCC risk not only in patients with hepatitis of different aetiologies, but also in those with different ethnicities (C-index: 0.82–0.87). Cut-off values of 50 and 60 were best for discriminating HCC risk. The 3- or 5-year cumulative incidences of HCC were 0–0.8%, 1.5–4.8%, and 8.1–19.9% in the low- (n = 7,413, 43.6%), medium- (n = 6,529, 38.4%), and high-risk (n = 3,044, 17.9%) groups, respectively. The cut-off value of 50 was associated with a sensitivity of 85.7–100% and a negative predictive value of 99.3–100%. The cut-off value of 60 resulted in a specificity of 56.6–95.8% and a positive predictive value of 6.6–15.7%. Conclusions: This objective, simple, reliable risk score based on 5 common parameters accurately predicted HCC development, regardless of aetiology and ethnicity, which could help to establish a risk score-guided HCC surveillance strategy worldwide. Lay summary: In this international collaboration, we developed and externally validated a simple, objective and accurate prognostic tool (called the aMAP score), that involves only age, male, albumin–bilirubin and platelets. The aMAP score (ranged from 0 to 100) satisfactorily predicted the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development among over 17,000 patients with viral and non-viral hepatitis from 11 global prospective studies. Our findings show that the aMAP score had excellent discrimination and calibration in assessing the 5-year HCC risk among all the cohorts irrespective of aetiology and ethnicity. © 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver