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Biodiversity is extremely complex and dynamic. India is rich in biodiversity but facing lots of challenge in protecting its environment. Main problems with regard to the environment in India are from the use and misuse of biological resources. The development of environment jurisprudence in India is obliged to the Apex Court and the numerous legislations and policies. The approach of the ‘Green Bench’ has been very appreciable. There is a need for effective implementation of law so that the goals for conservation and sustainable management for ecosystem can be achieved together. This paper describes a critical analysis of law regarding biodiversity conservation and forest ecosystem management in India.

The doctor/dentist-patient relationship has transformed over the last two decades. Health professionals are increasingly viewed as providers of service for consideration. The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) was enacted in 1986 for better protection of the interests of consumers as well as to provide a simple and quick mechanism for redressing consumer grievances. Since 1995, health professionals have been included within the ambit of the CPA, empowering the patient to file lawsuits (in case of perceived negligence) in consumer courts. This review explores the definitions of 'consumer', 'services', and 'negligence', discussing their implications with respect to civil and criminal liability of dentists, while providing relevant case examples and court guidelines in landmark judgments. It is concluded that the potential for civil lawsuits against dentists for negligent actions is existent, although the prospect of a dentist being held liable for criminal negligence is low.