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3. Environmental Toxicology

Author

Zimmermann, Sonja, Sures, Bernd, Pugsley, Michael K., Section editor, Hock, Franz J., editor, and Pugsley, Michael K., editor

Published
2024
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9. Assessing the response of an urban stream ecosystem to salinization under different flow regimes

Author

Madge Pimentel, Iris, Baikova, Daria, Buchner, Dominik, Burfeid Castellanos, Andrea, David, Gwendoline M., Deep, Aman, Doliwa, Annemie, Hadžiomerović, Una, Mayombo, Ntambwe A. Serge, Prati, Sebastian, Spyra, Marzena Agata, Vermiert, Anna-Maria, Beisser, Daniela, Dunthorn, Micah, Piggott, Jeremy J., Sures, Bernd, Tiegs, Scott D., Leese, Florian, and Beermann, Arne J.

Published
2024
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43. Matrix-specific mechanism of Fe ion release from laser-generated 3D-printable nanoparticle-polymer composites and their protein adsorption properties

Author

Li, Yaya, Rehbock, Christoph, Nachev, Milen, Stamm, Jacqueline, Sures, Bernd, Blaeser, Andreas, Barcikowski, Stephan, Li, Yaya, Rehbock, Christoph, Nachev, Milen, Stamm, Jacqueline, Sures, Bernd, Blaeser, Andreas, and Barcikowski, Stephan

Abstract

Nanocomposites have been widely applied in medical device fabrication and tissue-engineering applications. In this context, the release of metal ions as well as protein adsorption capacity are hypothesized to be two key processes directing nanocomposite-cell interactions. The objective of this study is to understand the polymer-matrix effects on ion release kinetics and their relations with protein adsorption. Laser ablation in macromolecule solutions was employed for synthesizing Au and Fe nanoparticle-loaded nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and alginate. Confocal microscopy revealed a three-dimensional homogeneous dispersion of laser-generated nanoparticles in the polymer. The physicochemical properties revealed a pronounced dependence upon embedding of Fe and Au nanoparticles in both polymer matrices. Interestingly, the total Fe ion concentration released from alginate gels under static conditions decreased with increasing mass loadings, a phenomenon only found in the Fe-alginate system and not in the Cu/Zn-alginate and Fe-TPU control system (where the effects were proportioonal to the nanoparticle load). A detailed mechanistic examination of iron the ion release process revealed that it is probably not the redox potential of metals and diffusion of metal ions alone, but also the solubility of nano-metal oxides and affinity of metal ions for alginate that lead to the special release behaviors of iron ions from alginate gels. The amount of adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA) and collagen I on the surface of both the alginate and TPU composites was significantly increased in contrast to the unloaded control polymers and could be correlated with the concentration of released Fe ions and the porosity of composites, but was independent of the global surface charge. Interestingly, these effects were already highly pronounced at minute loadings with Fe nanoparticles down to 200 ppm. Moreover, the laser-generated Fe or Au nanoparticle-loaded algin

Published
2024

45. Impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater biota across spatial scales and ecosystems

Author

Birk, Sebastian, Chapman, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Spears, Bryan M., Andersen, Hans Estrup, Argillier, Christine, Auer, Stefan, Baattrup-Pedersen, Annette, Banin, Lindsay, Beklioğlu, Meryem, Bondar-Kunze, Elisabeth, Borja, Angel, Branco, Paulo, Bucak, Tuba, Buijse, Anthonie D., Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Cremona, Fabien, de Zwart, Dick, Feld, Christian K., Ferreira, M. Teresa, Feuchtmayr, Heidrun, Gessner, Mark O., Gieswein, Alexander, Globevnik, Lidija, Graeber, Daniel, Graf, Wolfram, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Hanganu, Jenica, Işkın, Uğur, Järvinen, Marko, Jeppesen, Erik, Kotamäki, Niina, Kuijper, Marijn, Lemm, Jan U., Lu, Shenglan, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Mischke, Ute, Moe, S. Jannicke, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve J., Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Phillips, Geoff, Posthuma, Leo, Pouso, Sarai, Prudhomme, Christel, Rankinen, Katri, Rasmussen, Jes J., Richardson, Jessica, Sagouis, Alban, Santos, José Maria, Schäfer, Ralf B., Schinegger, Rafaela, Schmutz, Stefan, Schneider, Susanne C., Schülting, Lisa, Segurado, Pedro, Stefanidis, Kostas, Sures, Bernd, Thackeray, Stephen J., Turunen, Jarno, Uyarra, María C., Venohr, Markus, von der Ohe, Peter Carsten, Willby, Nigel, and Hering, Daniel

Published
2020
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48. Assessing Prior Knowledge Types as Predictors of Academic Achievement in the Introductory Phase of Biology and Physics Study Programmes Using Logistic Regression

Author

Binder, Torsten, Sandmann, Angela, Sures, Bernd, Friege, Gunnar, Theyssen, Heike, and Schmiemann, Philipp

Abstract

Background: Increasingly, high dropout rates in science courses at colleges and universities have led to discussions of causes and potential support measures of students. Students' prior knowledge is repeatedly mentioned as the best predictor of academic achievement. Theory describes four hierarchically ordered types of prior knowledge, from declarative "knowledge of facts" to procedural "application of knowledge". This study explores the relevance of these four prior knowledge types to academic achievement in the introductory phase of the two science subjects, biology and physics. Results: We assessed the knowledge types at the beginning and student achievement (measured by course completion) at the end of the first study year. We applied logistic regression models to evaluate the relationship between the knowledge types and academic achievement. First, we controlled for a well-established predictor of academic achievement (high school grade point average). Second, we added the knowledge types as predictors. For biology, we found that only knowledge about principles and concepts was a significant predictor in the first year. For physics, knowledge about concepts and principles as well as the ability to apply knowledge to problems was related to academic achievement. Conclusion: Our results concerning the knowledge types, which are of special relevance in biology and physics studies, could lead to effective measures, e.g. for identifying at-risk students and course guidance. Furthermore, the results provide a profound starting point for controlled intervention studies that systematically foster the identified relevant knowledge types in each subject and aim at a theory- and empirical-based optimization of pre- and introductory courses.

Published
2019
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49. Comparing Microsporidia-targeting primers for environmental DNA sequencing

Author

Doliwa Annemie, Grabner Daniel, Sures Bernd, and Dunthorn Micah

Subjects
barcoding, diversity, metabarcoding, microsporidia, parasites, protists, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Metabarcoding is a powerful tool to detect classical, and well-known “long-branch” Microsporidia in environmental samples. Several primer pairs were developed to target these unique microbial parasites, the majority of which remain undetected when using general metabarcoding primers. Most of these Microsporidia-targeting primer pairs amplify fragments of different length of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene. However, we lack a broad comparison of the efficacy of those primers. Here, we conducted in silico PCRs with three short-read (which amplify a few-hundred base pairs) and two long-read (which amplify over a thousand base pairs) metabarcoding primer pairs on a variety of publicly available Microsporidia sensu lato SSU-rRNA gene sequences to test which primers capture most of the Microsporidia diversity. Our results indicate that the primer pairs do result in slight differences in inferred richness. Furthermore, some of the reverse primers are also able to bind to microsporidian subtaxa beyond the classical Microsporidia, which include the metchnikovellidan Amphiamblys spp., the chytridiopsid Chytridiopsis typographi and the “short-branch” microsporidian Mitosporidium daphniae.

Published
2023
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50. Hooking the scientific community on thorny-headed worms: interesting and exciting facts, knowledge gaps and perspectives for research directions on Acanthocephala

Author

Perrot-Minnot Marie-Jeanne, Cozzarolo Camille-Sophie, Amin Omar, Barčák Daniel, Bauer Alexandre, Filipović Marijić Vlatka, García-Varela Martín, Servando Hernández-Orts Jesús, Yen Le T.T., Nachev Milen, Orosová Martina, Rigaud Thierry, Šariri Sara, Wattier Rémi, Reyda Florian, and Sures Bernd

Subjects
acanthocephala, environmental parasitology, host ranges, integrative taxonomy, transmission strategies, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Although interest in Acanthocephala seems to have reached only a small community of researchers worldwide, we show in this opinion article that this group of parasites is composed of excellent model organisms for studying key questions in parasite molecular biology and cytogenetics, evolutionary ecology, and ecotoxicology. Their shared ancestry with free-living rotifers makes them an ideal group to explore the origins of the parasitic lifestyle and evolutionary drivers of host shifts and environmental transitions. They also provide useful features in the quest to decipher the proximate mechanisms of parasite-induced phenotypic alterations and better understand the evolution of behavioral manipulation. From an applied perspective, acanthocephalans’ ability to accumulate contaminants offers useful opportunities to monitor the impacts – and evaluate the possible mitigation – of anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic fauna and develop the environmental parasitology framework. However, exploring these exciting research avenues will require connecting fragmentary knowledge by enlarging the taxonomic coverage of molecular and phenotypic data. In this opinion paper, we highlight the needs and opportunities of research on Acanthocephala in three main directions: (i) integrative taxonomy (including non-molecular tools) and phylogeny-based comparative analysis; (ii) ecology and evolution of life cycles, transmission strategies and host ranges; and (iii) environmental issues related to global changes, including ecotoxicology. In each section, the most promising ideas and developments are presented based on selected case studies, with the goal that the present and future generations of parasitologists further explore and increase knowledge of Acanthocephala.

Published
2023
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