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The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of the Solanum radicans L.f. (huallpachaqui) from San Juan of Chacña, province of Aymaraes, department of Apurímac. The extract was taken to dryness, fractionated and determined the presence of secondary metabolites by precipitation and / or color reactions; The characterization of the extract was then carried out by determining the pH, total solids, soluble solids, ashes, color and appearance. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the inhibition method against the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil (DPPH) and by the Ferric Reduction Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method; the antimicrobial activity was tested in bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. The presence of secondary metabolites was identified as flavonoids, free phenolic groups, alkaloids, catechins, triterpenes and / or steroids. The antioxidant activity by the DPPH method, an IC50 of 2,77 mg /mL of extract was obtained and by the FRAP method a TEAC (1mM of trolox) was obtained for 6,59 mg /mL of extract. In the antimicrobial study, the ethanolic extract of Solanum radicans leaves showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, concluding that there is a strong correlation between the presence of the secondary metabolites found and their antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana del extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas de la especie Solanum radicans L.f. (huallpachaqui) procedente de San Juan de Chacña, provincia de Aymaraes, departamento de Apurímac. El extracto se llevó a sequedad, se fraccionó y determinó la presencia de metabolitos secundarios por reacciones de precipitación y/o coloración; se efectuó la caracterización del extracto mediante determinación de pH, sólidos totales, sólidos solubles, cenizas, color y aspecto. La actividad antioxidante fue evaluada por el método de inhibición del radical 2,2-difenil- 1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) y el método del Poder Antioxidante de Reducción Férrica (FRAP); la actividad antimicrobiana se probó en cepas de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Proteus mirabilis. Se identificó presencia de metabolitos secundarios como: flavonoides, grupos fenólicos libres, alcaloides, catequinas, triterpenos y/o esteroides. La actividad antioxidante por el método DPPH obtuvo un IC50 de 2,77 mg/ mL de extracto y por el método FRAP obtuvo un TEAC (1mM de trolox) de 6,59 mg/mL de extracto. El extracto de Solanum radicans mostró actividad contra Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, concluyendo que existe una fuerte correlación entre la presencia de los metabolitos secundarios y su actividad antioxidante, y antimicrobiana.

El presente trabajo está enmarcado en el estudio de rescatar y revalorar a las especies vegetales en peligro de extinción en la provincia de Ica y tuvo como objetivo determinar la actividad antioxidante, contenido de minerales y toxicidad aguda del extracto alcohólico tallos de Bulsenia retama Griseb Calato obtenido en el distrito de Yauca del Rosario del departamento de Ica. Se obtuvo el extracto por ultrasonido y luego se determinaeron los metabolitos secundarios por reacciones de precipitación y coloración; la actividad antioxidante por los métodos DPPH y FRAP; el contenido de minerales por absorción atómica y así mismo la toxicidad aguda a una dosis fija. Como resultado se obtuvo la presencia de los metabolitos taninos, flavonoides y alcaloides; actividad antioxidante frente al radical DPPH con IC50 equivalente a 0.74 mg de extracto, por el método FRAP 1.24 mg extracto equivalente a 1mM de trolox, la presencia de Fe 24.5; Ca 526.1; Mg 330.4; Zn 8.20 mg/Kg de extracto respectivamente; y no se observó signos clínicos ni anatomopatologico a toxicidad aguda a 2,000 mg/Kg. Palabras claves: Bulsenia retama, actividad antioxidante, minerales, toxicidad.

The Zea mays purple variety is a plant native to America that has purple grain and crown, thanks to the anthocyanins that are the pigments that give this color. The objective of this work was to analyze the influence of the various drying procedures of the purple maize carried out by the producers of the Ica valley, on the proximal chemical composition and the content of total anthocyanins. 5 drying procedures were applied, which were coded from T1 to T5 and the coronas and grains were analyzed separately; it is observed that the different treatments do not significantly affect the chemical composition of the crown or the grain; however, treatments 3 and 4 preserved a higher content of anthocyanins in the crown (1513 and 1516 mg / 100g), while treatment 2 preserved a higher content of anthocyanin in the grain (907,1 mg / 100g). El Zea mays, variedad morada, es una planta oriunda de América que tiene el grano y la coronta de color morado, gracias a las antocianinas que son los pigmentos que le confieren este color. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de los diversos procedimientos de secado del maíz morado que ejecutan los productores del valle de Ica, sobre la composición químico proximal y el contenido de antocianinas totales. Se aplicó 5 procedimientos de secado, los que se codificaron de T1 a T5 y se analizó las corontas y los granos por separado; se observa que los diferentes tratamientos no afectan significativamente la composición químico proximal de la coronta ni del grano; sin embargo, los tratamientos 3 y 4 preservaron un mayor contenido de antocianinas en la coronta (1513 y 1516 mg/100g), mientras que el tratamiento 2 preservó un mayor contenido de antocianina en el grano (907,1 mg/100g).

The mango, Mangifera indica L., is a tropical fruit that stands out for its particular flavor and aroma, is widely accepted. In this paper the effect of lyophilization on the pulp four mango varieties was evaluated: Chato, Pink, Meat and Suck. Bromatological chemical analysis by official methods (AOAC, FAO) and antioxidant capacity by DPPH before and after treatment was performed. No significant differences between varieties of mangos, except vitamin C (pink and meat ~ 50 % +) and carotenoids (Pink ~ 70 % +) was found; the processing affected the acidity with an increase of 250 %, a decrease of total carotenoids (27- 42 %) and antioxidant activity (~ 50 %). El mango, Mangifera indica L., es una de las frutas tropicales que destaca por su particular sabor y aroma, tiene amplia aceptación. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la liofilización sobre la pulpa de cuatro variedades de mango: Chato, Rosado, Carne y Chupar. Se efectuó un análisis químico bromatológico por métodos oficiales (AOAC, FAO) y la capacidad antioxidante por DPPH antes y post tratamiento. No se encontró diferencias significativas entre las variedades de mangos salvo en el contenido de vitamina C (rosado y carne ~50 % +), y carotenoides (rosado ~70 % +); el procesamiento afectó la acidez con un incremento de 250 %, una disminución de carotenoides totales (27- 42 %) y actividad antioxidante (~50 %).

Catechins are major polyphenols in many plant foods that have been related to health promotion. In the human organism, they are largely metabolised to different conjugated metabolites (i.e. glucuronide, sulphate and methylated derivatives), which are further found in plasma and would be thus able to reach the biological targets. Therefore, in vitro assays aiming to elucidate the biological effects of dietary catechins should also consider their metabolites and not only the original compounds. In this article, the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different catechin and epicatechin sulphates, one of the less studied catechin metabolites, have been evaluated. Since these compounds are not commercially available, they had to be first synthesised in the laboratory. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay and two methods based on the ability to scavenge the ABTS ̇+ radical cation at different pH values. Sulphation of (epi)catechin lead to a decrease in the antioxidant activity that was greater when the sulphate moiety was located in the catechin B-ring than in A-ring. Despite this, all the studied (epi)catechin sulphates still behave as better antioxidants than a-tocopherol in the radical scavenging assays carried out at pH 7.4, suggesting that they might act as efficient antioxidants in physiological conditions. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed by evaluating the ability of the compounds to reduce the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) secreted by macrophages (RAW 264.7) after activation with a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the range of studied concentrations (1-300 μM), all the (epi)catechin sulphates caused a dose-dependent inhibition in NO production that even slight was statistically significant in most cases in relation to controls (LPS-activated cells without catechins), whereas the parent catechins did not show any effect in NO production in our experimental conditions. None of the assayed compounds showed any cytotoxic effect in macrophages up to the highest concentration used (300 μM). The obtained results suggested possible antioxidant and immuno-modulatory roles of the sulphated metabolites of catechins. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.