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Background: Post-partum period brings joy as well as pain for women. It is period after delivery till 42 days. In most of women, problems like leg pain, back pain, floppiness of abdominal muscles, edema and extremities, spinal problems, problems in breast feeding arise. Postnatal back pain including lumbosacral region, pelvic girdle and sacroiliac pain is very common presentation. Evidences show that post natal low back pain is very common. Various studies show that in first year after delivery it ranges from 21% to 82%. It also has on and off period. Re-occurrence of pain is seen in first 6 months. In caesarean section, 51% of women noticed pain back by 1 month and 78% by 6 months. In vaginal delivery it reoccurred in 55% women at 1 month and 85% in 6th month. Conventional physiotherapy interventions are worldwide accepted one and practiced on large scales in various circumstances. Conventional approaches for back pain which includes core muscle exercises, yogic postures, walks, runs, hydrotherapy exercises and cardiorespiratory fitness training. Role of physiotherapy for women’s health is an upcoming area in developing country like India. It needs to be evaluated in both rural and urban set ups. Method: 494 subjects fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Conventional training was given for 6 weeks. Outcome measures used were focusing on Pain (Visual Analogue Scale), Range of motion (Modified Schober Test), abdominal muscle strength (Manual Muscle Testing) and quality of life (Oswestry Low Back Disability). Result: Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. The results showed significant changes in all the outcome measures but was time consuming lacked in establishing confirm evidences. Conclusion: Conventional therapy reduced back pain and improved quality of life but was time constrained. Further evaluation needs to be done for better results.

Background: As women gets pregnant, many changes take place in her body like physiological changes, hormonal changes leading to increase in joint laxity, experiences increase in weight gain which leads to many of the musculoskeletal disorders. Pregnant women experience many musculoskeletal problems which are common like lower back pain, leg pain, foot pain etc. Among all of the musculoskeletal dysfunctions, foot of pregnant women has many problems and which is not known to the people. As we all know that, various foot dysfunctions like calf muscle cramps, foot pain, swelling around ankles, heel pain on standing occur most commonly during second and third trimester of pregnancy. There is lack of knowledge seen whether there is any correlation seen among foot dysfunctions and body mass index during the pregnancy. Purpose: This study was done to check whether these incidences of various foot dysfunctions with increase in the body mass index of the pregnant women are correlated. Aim: To identify the correlation of foot dysfunctions and increase in body mass index during pregnancy. Methods: In this study, 160 participants between 20-35 years were selected for this study. According to the inclusion criteria, women who were pregnant for the first time were included in this study whereas pregnant women with complications such as polyhydraminos, fibroid complicating pregnancy were excluded in this study. Participants were given written as well as verbal informed consent. They were divided into group of four according to World Health organization of the body mass index categories. Statistics: Pearson’s correlation of Instat software was used to calculate statistics. Results: According to the data, it could be seen that extremely strong relation seen between pain and obese women (p = 0.0008) whereas no significant relation was found in underweight (p = 0.1501) and normal (p = 0.1420) women. Also very significant correlation was found between disability and women who was obese (p = 0.0084) whereas, no relation was found in women who were underweight, normal and overweight (p = 0.3390, 0.1919, 0.1513). Women’s with normal body mass index found extremely significant relation (p = 0.0001) with activity limitation, whereas, significant relation with underweight, obese and overweight (p = 0.0413, 0.0010, 0.0114) pregnant women. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) also showed significant correlation with all of the pregnant women. And overall total score of Foot Function Index (FFI) found extremely significant relation with women who were overweight (p =

Background: Power training is a concept where power can be best improved with the help of resistance exercise, that is, equivalent to 60% of 1RM. Along with this resistance, the exercise is to be done with maximum speed, that is, as fast as possible, which is equivalent to 33–60% of the maximum movement velocity without resistance. Power training is used for lower motor neuron lesion; but to work more on weakness for chronic stroke individuals and to improve their quality of life (QOL), power training is used for chronic stroke, that is, upper motor neuron lesion. Objectives: The objective was to assess the effect of power training along with conventional treatment protocol on QOL in chronic stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was carried out using convenient sampling technique during 3 months in Krishna Hospital. A total of 40 patients were subjected Group A (20 subjects) who received conventional treatment protocol and Group B (20 subjects) who underwent power training along with conventional treatment protocol. Protocol was conducted for 3 days per week (alternate days) for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-test results were assessed using Stroke-Specific QOL Scale and Modified Barthel’s Index as outcome measures. Results: Significant, very significant, and extremely significant correlations were observed for combination of power training and conventional treatment protocol when compared to conventional treatment alone. Conclusion: This study concluded that the combination of conventional treatment protocol and power training for chronic stroke survivors improved their QOL.

Background: Understanding differences in mechanics between pregnant and non-pregnant females are a first step toward identifying potential pathological mechanisms. Objectives: The objective was to investigate systematic changes in the range of motion of pelvis in all three trimesters of pregnancy and its correlation to BMI. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy-four primigravida pregnant females with age group of 20–30 years completed testing on three occasions (first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester) using goniometer. The patient was made comfortable and her height, weight was measured to calculate the BMI. Later with the help of goniometer range of motion of pelvis (hip and lumbar) was measured. Results: In this study, significant correlation was seen for anterior pelvic tilt, posterior pelvic tilt, and backward rotation for the first and third trimester. Very significant correlation was seen for anterior pelvic tilt, posterior pelvic tilt, lateral pelvic tilt, forward rotation, backward rotation in the second trimester, and for backward rotation in the third trimester. Extremely significant correlation was seen for posterior pelvic tilt in the first trimester, for anterior and posterior pelvic tilt in the second trimester, for posterior pelvic tilt in the third trimester. Conclusion: In this study, significant correlation was seen for the first and third trimester. Very significant correlation was seen for the second trimester and for third trimester. Extremely significant correlation was seen in the first trimester, second trimester, and third trimesters.

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most common late complications of diabetic individual. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy causes peripheral sensory loss and motor deterioration. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find the effect of conventional exercises on designed mat for sensory and motor dysfunction in chronic diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was carried out using simple random sampling method during 1 year in Krishna Hospital. A total of 44 subjects were allocated into Groups A and B to receive conventional physiotherapy and exercise on designed mat, respectively. Protocol was conducted for 3 days per week for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-design was used for assessing the study. Results: Subjects were assessed for quantitative sensory testing (QST) and manual muscle testing (MMT). Between the groups, the QST values were for Groups A 4.40 ± 0.66 and B 3.59 ± 1.18 along with P = 0.0071. MMT ankle dorsiflexion values were for Groups A 4.27 ± 0.55 and B 3.90 ± 0.61 along with P

Background: Shoulder subluxation is the common problem as it causes shoulder pain and hinders activity . In flaccid stage, propreoceptive impairment, lack of tone and muscle paralysis reduce the support and normal stirring action of rotator cuff muscles particularly supraspinatus. Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Comittee, KIMSDU, Karad. An Experimental study was conducted with 50 subjects .Which were divided into two groups using consecutive sampling with random allocation with computer generated table. Group A was given conventional treatment for reducing shoulder subluxation in stroke survivors Group B was treated with the Therapeutic shoulder sling and proximal control exercises .The outcome measures were AP lat X-ray, VAS, Functional outcome measurement By Motor assessment scale :Upper arm function. Results: Within the group comparison for the X-ray was done with the pair t test which was very significant for group A with P value of 0.0301 and Extremely significant for group B with P value ?0.0001 . within the group comparison for visual analogue scale for both the groups is extremely significant with the p value of ?0.0001 .within the group comparison for motor assessment scale for both the groups is extremely significant with the p value of ?0.0001 Conclusions: Therapeutic shoulder sling with proximal control exercises shows significant reduction of subluxation in shoulder x-ray as well as it reduces the pain and improves ADL activity.

Background: Unilateral spatial neglect is likely to be associated with poor functional outcome in sub acute phase. During this period, intensive rehabilitation is needed to obtain higher ADL scores. If greater efficacy of rehabilitation can be brought about by early intervention for unilateral spatial neglect, patients with unilateral neglect might achieve higher ADL goals. Material and Method: In this pre-post intervention study 25 neglect patients were included with less than six month of stroke.Tactile stimulations and joint integrity exercise protocol was set for four weeks. After pre-post assessment, data was analysed with help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: According to this study, there is increase in tactile stimulation (p=0.0023), kinaesthetic stimulation (p

Background- Balance disorder is a common problem in post-TBI patients. In many research’s done before treatment is given mainly on motor component to improve balance in TBI patients. In this study we are going to give multidimensional protocol - sensory stimulations along with motor components. Balance is a main component of a patient for his mobility, many therapist concentrate on balance in chronic stage of TBI patients, in this study we are going to give treatment in acute stage of TBI patients which will help them to recover fast. There is lack of research’s done on acute post TBI patients with multidimensional exercise program for balance disorder. Indeed this made us to study the effect of multidimensional exercise program on balance disorder in TBI patients. Objectives- To find out the effectiveness of multidimensional exercise program for improving balance control in mild TBI patients. To find out the effectiveness of multidimensional exercise program for improving balance control in moderate TBI patients. To find out the effectiveness of multidimensional exercise program for improving balance control in severe TBI patient. METHOD- In this study total 20 candidates were taken having impaired balance secondary to TBI from hospitals in karad. Their balance were assessed by berg balance scale and community balance and mobility scale. They were divided into mild, moderate and severe TBI. A multidimensional exercise protocol of 6 week was given for improving balance and their balance was checked at 2nd, 4th, and 6th week by same BBS and CBMS score. Later evaluation and interpretation of data was done. Result- The 20.8% improvement is seen in pre and post treatment BBS score and 8.82% improvement is seen in pre and post treatment CBMS score in post TBI patients with balance impairment. Conclusion- On the basis of result it can be concluded that multidimensional exercise program is effective for improving balance in TBI patients.

Background: Many studies suggest that when people are confined to wheelchair, central neuropathies such as spinal cord injury usually reduce strength of core muscles and corresponding functional abilities for standing and reaching. Studies that have aimed to compare different strategies to improve functional capacity or stability have produced controversial results. Furthermore such studies have focused solely on individual component. In contrast, the present study describes the effect of core stability as well as functional mobility exercises on muscle strength after lumbar spinal cord injury. Aim: To analyze the effect of core stability and functional mobility exercises on muscle strength after lumbar spinal cord injury. Methodology: 25 patients with lumbar spinal cord injury were recruited on a volunteer basis. Ethics approval was obtained from Institutional ethical committee, KIMSDU. The purpose and procedure of the study was explained to each participant before giving their consent to participate in the study. Neurological levels and impairment scales were determined according to the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standards. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean, and standard deviation were used for data analysis. Result: The p-value for each component is

Background: Stroke is one of the leading cause for mortality and disability. As a medical emergency, timely and appropriate treatment is necessary to save the life and disabilities in patients. Based on the impairments and clinical outcomes of the disease its awareness on knowledge about the condition and treatment approaches should be done especially in rural population. Objectives: 1. To study awareness about stroke 2. To study awareness of various forms of treatment approaches in stroke amongst rural population Material and Method: It is a questionnaire-based survey. 100 subjects participated in the survey. The questionnaire was based on the awareness of treatment approaches. subjects with age 20 and above were included in this study. After the reception of responses, data was analyzed with help of appropriate statistical methods. Results: Out of all respondents, 53% was female population and 47% was male population. Out of which 48 % of female population was aware about stroke and 5% females was unaware. 43% of male populations was aware about stroke and 4%of male population was unaware. The treatment approaches preferred were Medicine and physiotherapy. Conclusion: In rural population, people are well aware about stroke but are less aware about various treatment approaches used.

Introduction: Physiotherapy is a healthcare profession that assesses, diagnoses, treats and works to preventdiseases and disability. Physiotherapy is a part of primary health care system. Every person has right to accessto primary health care services. Physiotherapy has an important role in various illness and disorders butpeople are less aware about its benefits. Amongst these various diseases one is breast cancer. Physiotherapyhas important role in treating the complications of Ca-breast. However there is limited research available onawareness of Physiotherapy intervention on post-operative Ca-Breast.Objective: To find the awareness of physiotherapy intervention in post-operative CA-Breast.To find awareness of Physiotherapy among Doctors.To find out the number of post-operative Ca-Breast subjects referred to Physiotherapy.To find the awareness of Physiotherapy intervention in post-operative Ca-Breast among medical doctors.Material and Methodology: Total 120 doctors were included in survey. The questionnaire were self- devisedpre validated. A survey were conducted with clinical doctors. Questions were closed ended to prevent anystatistical error.Result: In this survey we found that there are 50 percent doctors who are aware about physiotherapy and 50percent are aware about physiotherapy intervention in individuals with Ca-breast.Conclusion: The study on Awareness of Various Aspects of Physiotherapy among Medical Residents. In thisstudy identified a need for physiotherapists to educate medical residents about various fields of physiotherapylike community based rehabilitation and industrial health physiotherapy, their extensive role in each of thespecialty, treatment modalities and evaluative procedures through continuing education programs.

Stroke rehabilitation focuses on reducing impairments and functional disability. Regaining functionalindependence in stroke patients in order to participate in usual self-care and daily activities as independentlyas possible in the final aim. .For this New treatment approaches to enhance recovery are been tried outglobally. Implementing this requires timely understanding of disease in order to decide right approach.Clinical decision making for correct assessment strategies will largely influence appropriate treatmentstrategies. It is therefore necessary to find out evidences for understanding traditional strategies and learnnewer skills for treatment

Background: Post-partum period is challenging for every woman. It usually starts from delivery and ends by 42 days. In majority of women, complications like hemorrhage, DVT, pulmonary embolism, edema in hand and ankle joints, puerperal infection, problems in breast feeding, kypho-scoliosis and backache arise. Postnatal low back pain and pelvic pain are common problems in the post-partum period; these could vary from mild problems to disability. The incidence of postnatal LBP is very high from 21% to 82% in the fisco year post-partum. Remission of pain occurred in 51% at 1 month and 78% at 6 months in CS group, while in the normal vaginal delivery group 55% at 1 month and 85% in the 6th month had remission of pain. Reoccurrence of pain is common in postnatal period. Physiotherapy has shown to have influence on various problems arising in post-natal period. Health literature listed out various conventional treatment approaches for back pain which includes exercises, yoga, core stability, walking, running, aquatic exercise and aerobics. Pilate therapy focuses on improving the body’s core and makes it more flexible and stronger. Pilates has been found to be effective in neuromuscular problems. Its effect in post natal women is a research area. Its effect over conventional therapy needs to be evaluated for better patient care. Method: 494 subjects were included according to criteria. Subjects were allotted into two groups. Group A: Pilates and Group B: Conventional. Interventions were given for 6 weeks and changes in Visual Analogue Scale, Modified Schober Test, Manual Muscle Testing, Oswestry Low Back Disability were noted. Result: For pre and post interventional analysis between the groups, student’s t-test was used. The results showed significant improvement with Pilates therapy than conventional training in reducing back pain, increasing abdominal muscle strength and improving quality of life. Conclusion: Pilates therapy reduced back pain than conventional therapy in post natal women.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is considered a very distressing condition affecting multiple domains ofhuman life i.e. social, physical, psychological, occupational, domestic, and sexual aspects experienced by allages. However, only pathophysiology varies according to each condition, and therefore demanding differenttherapeutic approaches according to the mechanism of urine loss. This study was designed to find out theeffect of structured bladder training in urinary incontinence. To find out effect of conventional bladdertraining in urinary incontinence. To compare the effect between two on the basis of demographic variables.Method: This was an experimental study with the total of 28 spinal cord injury patients who had urinaryincontinence were selected with random allocation from the Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad inthis study. Their ages were 20 years and above according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prior consentwas taken. They were divided into two groups: group A and group B. Group A received conventional therapyand group B received structured bladder training with conventional training. Pre assessment was taken priorto the treatment. These subjects were treated for 4 weeks, 3 days per week, 30 – 45 min. After 4 weeks thepost treatment assessment was taken. The outcome measures were included King’s Health Questionnaireand 1 hour Pad Test.Results: The obtained results showed a statistically highly significant improvement (p < 0.0001) noted inthe urinary incontinence in spinal cord injury patients.Conclusion: It was concluded that structured bladder training was effective in controlling urinaryincontinence secondary to spinal cord injury

The present research deal with the physical examination and analysis of an instrument that is ankle foot orthotic device. The physics of this device consist of calf piece; calf strap; a muscle stimulator; stimulator suspension including a press button with nylon strap; two adhesive electrodes; electrical wires; hinge joint; JBR outsole; foot piece; ankle strap; forefoot strap; rings; adjustable strap; press button; cold and hot pack pouch; a means to provide upward projection; & shank. The customized AFO device is characteristic in the sense that the adhesive strap being mounted on the rings so as to keep the plantar section of the foot piece in straight position and wherein the adhesive strap being made up by a combination of polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene wherein polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene is 1:1:2 by weight; wherein the cold and hot pack pouch being made up of 40.5 wt% water; 40.5 wt% ammonium nitrate, 4 wt% hydropropylmethyl cellulose and 15 wt% propylene glycol; and wherein the said electrode being made up of a hydrogel comprises of acrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone. The overall result feedback is a feeling of increased muscle control, flexibility, and range of motion on using the device.

The present research has made an attempt to theorize a physical device using the scientific method which will provide support to shoulder joint of a user. This physical orthotic device includes a rigid support, at least one pair of electrodes, at least one strap and the at least one-second strap. The rigid support is having an outer surface and an inner surface and is resting against the shoulder joint. The at least one strap is arranged on the rigid support to wrap around an upper arm of the shoulder joint for securing the orthotic device on the shoulder joint of the user. The at least one-second strap is extending from the rigid support and adapted to wrap around an armpit of a second shoulder joint for efficiently treating a subluxation condition.

Background: Cerebral Palsy has various structural and functional impairments which can lead to inability to walk, move independently which impairs their overall growth and development physiotherapy treatment in these subjects is a routine practice. Its applicability and outcomes is still an upcoming research area. This treatment has a longer duration of application for better outcomes. It is a big challenge for parents to do so due to many reasons. The impact of physiotherapy should be found out for all the age groups irrespective of their pathology and presentations. This study is an effort to do so. Objective: 1. To study the types of cerebral palsy. 2. To assess the children with cerebral palsy. 3. To study the impact of physiotherapy on levels of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Method: Ethical Clearance was obtained from the Institutional ethical committee. 64 cerebral palsy children were selected aged between 6 months to 5 years divided in 3 groups according to their age both girls and boys were selected. They were assessed using Gross Motor Function Classification System scale which was recorded for a duration of 3 months. According to which conclusion was derived with appropriate statistical method. Result: Group A shows maximum in level IV,Group B shows maximum in level I and II and Group C shows maximum in level III. Conclusion: We found that level of Gross Motor Function was improved in the age group of 2 to 4 years and above when compared with age below 2 years after receiving physiotherapy treatment.

Stroke is an medical condition that causes brain damage, leading to disability and mortality. Walking impairment are the most common problems in stroke survivors, occurring in 39 to 90 of all cases. In stroke walking is more affected due to foot drop, Due to foot drop there is not proper clearance of foot and toes during walking.