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The purpose of this study is to determine directly or indirectly the effect of service quality (X) on user satisfaction (Y) and loyalty of LAPAN's ICT users. The sample size of this study was 278 participants from a population of 1,191 LAPAN employees based on Slovin's formula, with an error of 6%. The data acquisition technique was performed by targeted sampling and proportional sampling, with data acquisition taking place in June 2021. Data analysis was carried out using the path analysis method. The results show that there is a positive and significant effect between service quality and user satisfaction. There is a positive and important effect between user satisfaction and user loyalty. There is a positive and important effect between the quality of service and the loyalty of the user. It also has a positive and important effect between service quality and loyalty through user satisfaction. It was found that H1: Service quality (X) has a direct positive and significant effect on user satisfaction (Y); H2: User satisfaction (Y) directly has a positive and significant effect on user loyalty (Z); H3: Service quality (X) has a direct positive and significant effect on user loyalty (Z); and H4: Service quality (X) does not indirectly have a positive and significant effect on loyalty (Z) through user satisfaction (Y). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economically, peatland plays an important role since they can be reclaimed for agriculture. Shallow peat (<100 cm) can be used to grow food crops including vegetables. Peatland has also become attractive for development of large-scale oil palm and rubber plantations. However, peatland has a number of constraints in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, especially CO2 emissions in the degraded peatland. These arise from decomposition of peat. Common sense suggests three alternatives to manage GHG emissions from degraded peatland: conservation and restoration, natural recovery, and agricultural use. In this context, the challenge is to utilize degraded tropical peatland for agriculture while avoiding the negative impacts, and ensuring its environmental sustainability. This research attempts to contribute toward developing better management plans. Results of this study show that rice farming has highest sustainable score in degraded peatland. Rice farming secured a 52.14% sustainability score, while oil palm and rubber farming exhibited 47.55 and 47.67% sustainable scores, respectively. Therefore, rice farming can be considered as the first alternative for development of degraded peatland. Improved oil palm and rubber farming systems may also be subsequently considered if their sustainability can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]