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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan e-modul dengan topik sintesis Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Cu-BDC sebagai adsorben zat warna congo red dan metanil yellow serta menganalisis peningkatan literasi sains mahasiswa setelah penerapan e-modul berbasis Problem Based Learning pada mata kuliah kimia material menggunakan aplikasi bot telegram. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah research and development dengan model ADDIE (Annalysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, tes, dan angket. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar tes dan lembar angket yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli. Teknik analisis data yaitu analisis kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil validasi e-modul dari ahli materi diperoleh skor 93,17%, ahli media 95,8%, hasil validasi soal 88,75% dan hasil validasi angket respon mahasiswa 92,6%. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan hasil validasi e-modul dengan kategori sangat layak. Hasil angket respon mahasiswa terhadap e-modul didapatkan skor 95% dengan kategori sangat layak. Hasil n-gain yang diperoleh setelah penerapan e-modul pada mata kuliah kimia material sebesar 0,67 dengan kriteria sedang. Simpulannya bahwa e-modul dengan topik sintesis MOFs Cu-BDC sebagai adsorben zat warna congo red dan metanil yellow dengan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning menggunakan aplikasi bot telegram sangat layak digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan ajar dalam proses pembelajaran kimia material dan dapat meningkatkan literasi sains mahasiswa.

As a fermentation method, the utilisation of starter culture is a common practice in industrial manufacturing, although spontaneous methods have been employed since ancient times. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different production methods on red beetroot juice (RBJ). For this purpose, as a starter culture, the probiotic Lactibasillus paracasei (Lc. paracasei) was inoculated into the RBJ samples after pasteurization. Also, the growth of cells, acid production, and substrate utilisation were monitored throughout the fermentation process of RBJ under two different methods of fermentation.The samples produced by the addition of Lc. paracasei demonstrated a slightly lower decrease in pH values in comparison to the samples obtained by the spontaneous method. The concentration of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) at the end of fermentation reveals that Lc. paracasei exhibits a greater capacity for both LA and AA generation compared to the spontaneous method. The ratios of LA and AA molar concentrations of RBJ were determined to be 1.7 and 3.6 for the samples produced by adding Lc. paracasei and the spontaneous method, respectively. The samples produced by adding Lc. paracasei exhibited a greater consumption of sucrose. Both fermentation methods provide LAB counts exceeding 8 log CFU/mL at the end of fermentation.Time demonstrated a significant correlation with LA and AA in the method by adding Lc. paracasei (r = 0.942 and 0.745), respectively (p

Diabetes mellitus, which is caused by high blood glucose, is increasing from time to time due to an unhealthy modern lifestyle. Diabetes can cause complications in many parts of the body and increase the risk of death. So far, glucose assay often used glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymatic system that requires special treatment and other high-cost resources. Thus, developing a simple non-enzymatic analytical method to determine the glucose content in body fluids is necessary. Here, a novel and straightforward method for glucose sensing was developed based on digital image colorimetry (DIC) combined with smartphone detection. Small amounts (< 1 mM) of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which has a violet-blue color were employed as colorimetric biosensors that selectively change their color to violet-red upon the addition of glucose. The addition of glucose concentration is linearly proportional to the light absorbance and blue color intensity. These AuNPs color changes were captured as a digital image using a smartphone which then undergo data processing using an application attached to the smartphone. The accuracy of the proposed DIC-smartphone was tested with standard addition (recovery 99.5–103%) and validated with the UV–vis spectrometer. The method has good selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.043 μM and a linear range from 0 to 40 μM (R 2 = 0.9984). The method was successfully applied to quantify the glucose concentration in real samples, i.e., urine samples of normal people and diabetic patients that give satisfactory accuracy (< 3.0%) and precision (< 4.2%).

According to Permenkes RI nomor 15 tahun 2013 on How Providing the Special Facility for Breastfeeding and or breast milk, Lactation Room or Nursing Room is a special room equipped with facilities for breastfeeding directly to the baby or breast milk and keep the milk, and or a counseling room for breastfeeding. Availability of lactation room is increased the positive image of University of Bengkulu in level of local, national, and international community as one of efforts to reach the quality of world class university. University of Bengkulu should be the pioneer of such this program in Bengkulu Province. Lactation room, called Bilik Laktasi, is 4.5 m x 8.5 m’s room that accommodate of maximum of 10 infants and breastfeeding mothers. This room is equipped with mattresses and toys, a refrigerator, cooling box, fan, dispenser, and other supporting facilities. A trained nanny will manage the room and standard operational procedurals are set for services. Keywords: Lactation Room, Breastfeedind, breastfeeding milk, working women, employer

Trashion is the activity of turning trash into fashion goods. The utilization of waste into valuable recycled products is an activity that should be done to save the environment and income generating. This activity introduces how to process waste, designing, and making products from plastics waste. This activity invites society to make use of waste, honing skills to design and sew and look at business opportunities from Trashion products. Keywords: Trashion, plastic waste, recycle, product design

ABSTRAK Kambing kacang dikenal sebagai kambing lokal dan merupakan salah satu plasma nutfah ternak ruminansia Indonesia. Kambing lokal ini lazim dipelihara oleh peternak dan menjadi salah satu pensuplai kebutuhan protein hewani masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh dari suplementasi tepung katuk (Sauropus androgynus) dengan level pemberian yang berbeda terhadap profil komponen leukosit dan deferensiasinya pada kambing kacang betina fase prasapih. Rancangan percobaan yang dipergunakan adalah Bujur Sangkar Latin (Latin Square). Sebanyak 9 ekor kambing kacang betina prasapih (umur 4 sampai 6 bulan, berat rerata 8,45 ± 1,00 kg) selama 7 minggu dipelihara dalam kandang individu dan mendapat perlakuan 3 aras suplementasi tepung katuk (A: pakan hijauan dan konsentrat ad libitum (HK) + non suplementasi, B: HK + suplementasi 3% dari berat hidup, dan C: HK + suplementasi 6% dari berat hidup) masing dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa bahwa perlakuan suplementasi tepung katuk berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap profil komponen leukosit dan deferensiasinya yaitu limfosit, monosit, netrofil dan eosinofil (P > 0,05). Kondisi (umur, berat badan, seks) kambing betina prasapih yang seragam dalam penelitian ini diperkirakan sebagai penyebabnya. Kondisi individu yang seragam berakibat pada kondisi fisiologis tubuh serta kemampuan produksi antibodi yang sama pula. Kata Kunci: Kambing kacang betina prasapih, Leukosit, Suplementasi tepung katuk

Immunostimulatory glucose polymers known as beta-glucans have been studied for many years. Our laboratory has prepared and characterized a novel microparticulate beta-glucan (MG) from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because MG particles are rapidly phagocytized by murine peritoneal macrophages and induce the expression of B7 costimulatory molecules, we hypothesized that MG could serve as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance specific immune responses. Here, we describe a procedure for conjugating the test vaccine antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA) to MG via water-soluble carbodiimide linkage. Conjugates with up to 0.4 mg of BSA/mg MG were prepared. MG/BSA conjugates were still actively phagocytized by mouse peritoneal macrophages. When used to immunize mice by the intradermal route, these conjugates enhanced the primary IgG antibody response to BSA in a manner comparable to the prototypic complete Freund's adjuvant. Although primary oral immunization with MG/BSA caused no increase in serum anti-BSA antibody titers, booster immunization elicited a significant anti-BSA antibody response. These results suggest that protein antigens can be conjugated to MG via a carbodiimide linkage and that these conjugates provide an adjuvant effect for stimulating the antibody response to the protein antigens.

beta-(1-->3)-D-Glucan is an integral cell wall component of a variety of fungi, plants, and bacteria. Like the prototypic inflammatory mediator lipopolysaccharide (LPS), some beta-(1--> 3)-D-glucan-containing preparations have been shown to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages. In the present study, we have tested a new microparticulate form of beta-(1--> 3)-D-glucan (MG) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for its ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro, and we have examined the effect of IFN-gamma. MG was rapidly phagocytized by peritoneal macrophages, and these MG-treated macrophages upregulated TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNAs and secreted these proinflammatory cytokines. IFN-gamma treatment alone did not induce unstimulated macrophages to produce TNF-alpha. However, a 4 h IFN-gamma pretreatment augmented TNF-alpha secretion by peritoneal macrophages subsequently treated with an optimally stimulatory dose of MG. IFN-gamma pretreatment for 2 h followed by thorough washing and a further 2 h incubation without IFN-gamma still resulted in enhanced TNF-alpha production in response to MG, suggesting that IFN-gamma can prime macrophages for a subsequent proinflammatory response. Most interestingly, we found that IFN-gamma pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages enhanced the TNF-alpha response to amounts of MG that were poorly stimulatory or non-stimulatory in the absence of IFN-gamma priming. These data suggest that a synergy between IFN-gamma and beta-glucan may have evolved to lower the threshold of sensitivity of the innate immune response to fungal pathogens.

Objective: To report a case of acute reversible pancreatitis associated with metronidazole-treated aspiration pneumonia., Case Summary: A 61-year-old white woman requiring coronary artery bypass surgery developed acute pancreatitis following treatment with metronidazole for suspected postsurgical aspiration pneumonia. The patient developed moderate to severe bilateral upper quadrant abdominal pain; laboratory studies revealed elevated amylase and lipase concentrations four days following the initiation of metronidazole therapy. After discontinuation of metronidazole, the patient's abdominal pain subsequently improved, and both amylase and lipase concentrations immediately declined and were within normal limits within one week., Discussion: An acute attack of pancreatitis is characterized by moderate to severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, accompanied by increased concentrations of pancreatic enzymes and few morphologic changes in the pancreas. Metronidazole is reported as having a probable association with acute pancreatitis, although the mechanism of drug-induced pancreatitis is not known. One speculative mechanism of metronidazole-induced pancreatitis is that, under aerobic conditions, metronidazole may undergo redox cycling and yield hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and other free radicals. Such redox-active compounds are toxic to pancreatic beta-cells, and oxygen-centered free radicals have been implicated in the induction of pancreatitis. Other suggested mechanisms include immune-mediated inflammatory response, pancreatic duct constriction, and metabolic effects., Conclusions: Very few cases of metronidazole-associated pancreatitis have been reported, and the long-term sequelae are unknown. However, if metronidazole or any other drug is suspected as the causative agent in pancreatitis, it should be discontinued and rechallenge should be avoided.

Aprotinin, a naturally occurring protease inhibitor derived from bovine lung, is used prophylactically to minimize the amount of perioperative blood loss in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery who are at high risk for excessive bleeding. A retrospective multicenter evaluation of aprotinin use was performed in high-risk coronary artery bypass graft patients treated either with aprotinin or according to usual-care to assess (1) differences in demographic and medical history characteristics, and (2) clinical and economic outcomes associated with their care. This study suggests that in many cases, the cost of aprotinin is offset by reductions in overall cost. Additional study is required to better understand this potential. In other cases, however, a more conservative approach to aprotinin use appears to be warranted.