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This study aims to delve into the existing relationship between personnel management, the concept of servant leadership, and the level of personnel discipline in educational institutions. A quantitative research method was chosen as the primary approach to collect and analyze data to obtain a strong understanding of these dynamics. Respondents involved in this study are educational personnel from various backgrounds and educational levels, providing a broader representation of the education population. In the data collection process, validated research instruments with high reliability were used to measure key variables involved, such as leadership styles, personnel management practices, and discipline levels. Careful statistical steps were applied in data analysis, including regression techniques, to identify the strength of the influence of personnel management and servant leadership on the level of personnel discipline in education. From the results of this analysis, it is expected that significant patterns and correlations between the examined variables will be revealed. The findings of this research are expected to provide new insights into the factors underlying discipline levels in educational institutions. The practical implications of this study will be valuable for managers and stakeholders in the field of education, aiding them in designing more effective management strategies to enhance personnel discipline, which in turn can positively impact the overall quality of education. Thus, this study not only fills gaps in the academic literature on educational management and leadership but also makes a significant contribution in practical contexts by offering a framework that can be applied to enhance the quality of education through improvisation personnel discipline.

Artikel ini merupakan hasil pelatihan dan pendampingan branding school dengan pembuatan video content creator ibu – ibu guru TK se-Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Tujuannya adalah meningkatkan keterampilan video content creator dan branding sekolah bagi ibu guru TK di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Materi meliputi public speaking, perencanaan, produksi konten, serta produksi, editing, dan publikasi video. Guru diajarkan public speaking untuk komunikasi efektif, perencanaan konten menarik, dan produksi serta editing video. Hasilnya, guru-guru mampu menghasilkan konten video informatif, mempublikasikannya melalui media sosial, meningkatkan citra sekolah, dan menarik calon murid. Pendampingan ini berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara di depan umum, produksi konten menarik, serta penguasaan produksi, editing, dan publikasi video. Pendampingan ini memiliki dampak positif dalam menghubungkan guru dengan keterampilan video modern, mendukung branding sekolah, dan memperkaya komunikasi dengan masyarakat. Rekomendasi dari artikel ini adalah bahwa pendekatan serupa bisa diterapkan di lembaga pendidikan lain untuk mendukung branding dan komunikasi yang efektif. Peningkatan ini diharapkan akan memperbaiki citra sekolah dan jumlah pendaftar di masa mendatang. This article is the result of training and mentoring for branding schools by making video content creators for kindergarten teachers throughout Sidoarjo Regency. The aim is to improve the skills of video content creators and school branding for kindergarten teachers in Sidoarjo Regency. Materials include public speaking, planning, content production, as well as video production, editing and publication. Teachers are taught public speaking for effective communication, planning interesting content, and video production and editing. As a result, teachers are able to produce informative video content, publish it through social media, improve the school's image, and attract prospective students. This assistance has succeeded in improving public speaking skills, production of interesting content, as well as mastery of video production, editing and publication. This assistance has had a positive impact in connecting teachers with modern video skills, supporting school branding, and enriching communication with the community. The recommendation from this article is that a similar approach can be applied in other educational institutions to support effective branding and communication. This increase is expected to improve the image of the school and the number of applicants in the future.

Ketidaknyamanan saat kehamilan banyak terjadi di trimester I, sebanyak 80% ibu hamil mengeluhkan masalah mual atau muntah yang biasa disebut dengan morning sickness . Biasanya masalah ini timbul sekitar 0-16 minggu usia kehamilan atau pada saat ibu hamil memasuki Trimester 1 kehamilannya. Di Puskesmas Padurenan terdapat 25 RW, dengan jumlah ibu hamil 994. Angka rujukan di Puskesmas Padurenan sebesar 120 orang, diagnosa hiperemisis menjadi penyumbang angka rujukan terbanyak yaitu sebesar 50 kasus (41,6%) pada periode Januari – Desember 2022. Pada tahun 2023 periode Januari – Mei keluhan mual muntah pada ibu hamil trimester 1 sebanyak 40 ibu hamil. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk Mengetahui Efektivitas Essential Oil Peppermint Terhadap Morning sickness pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I di Puskesmas Padurenan Kota Bekasi Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimental, pre dan post test with Control Group Design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 38 pasien dengan 18 kelompok eksperimen dan 18 kelompok kontrol. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan buku panduan aromaterapi dan kuesioner INVR yang sudah di uji validitas dan reabilitas. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil ada pengaruh pemberian aromatherapy peppermint terhadap morning sickness pada kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi. Pada kelompok eksperimen didapatkan nilai p 0,00 dan untuk kelompok kontrol didapatkan nilai p 0.60.

Nyeri persalinan merupakan manifestasi dari kontraksi otot rahim yang dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit yang tidak nyaman dan dapat memengaruhi proses persalinan dan jenis persalinan salah satu dampaknya partus lama yang berakibat pada permintaan untuk section sesarea semakin meningkat. Pada bulan April tahun 2023 di Klinik Timedika Bintara menunjukan bahwa 8 ibu bersalin primigravida mengalami cemas pada saat menghadapi nyeri persalinan sehingga tidak termanajemen nyeri kontakasinya dengan baik oleh ibunya sendiri. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi pijat akupresure terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan pada ibu bersalin. Desain penelitian mengunakan pre-eksperimen tanpa adanya kelompok kontrol dengan pendekatan pretest and posttest design. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 15 ibu bersalin primigravida. Tehnik sampel menggunakan Purposive sampling. Alat ukur nyeri persalinan menggunakan NRS (Numerical Rating Scale). Uji normalitas data menggunakan shapro wilk serta uji bivariat menggunakan paited t-test untuk mengetahui efektivitas pijat akupresure terhadap pengurangan nyeri persalinan pada kala I fase aktif. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan sig.2 tailed = 0,000. Artinya pijat akupresure efektif membantu mengurangi nyeri persalinan pada ibu bersalin kala I fase aktif.

The aim of this research is to improve teachers' ability to use digital literacy with animated interactive media and to increase participant participation in taking In-House Training (IHT) at Tegalharjo Kapanewon Kalibawang Elementary School, Kulon Progo Regency. This research is school action research carried out at Tegalharjo Kapanewon Kalibawang Elementary School, Kulon Progo Regency. Data techniques and analysis use observation sheets and assessment instruments. This research was conducted in 2 cycles where each cycle consisted of 2 meetings. Participants' participation in taking part in the IHT each cycle has increased, in the first cycle of the 1st meeting and the 2nd meeting there was an increase of 13.22%. Meanwhile, in cycle II for the 1st meeting and the 2nd meeting there was an increase of 6.28%. The use of animated interactive media in cycle I for the 1st and 2nd meetings reached 12.50%. Cycle I at the 2nd meeting and Cycle II at the 1st meeting reached 5.13%. Furthermore, in cycle II of the 1st meeting and cycle II of the 2nd meeting there was an increase of 6.10%. Regarding IHT management by researchers in cycle I for the 1st and 2nd meetings, there was an increase of 5.42%. Furthermore, cycle I at the 2nd meeting with cycle II at the 1st meeting achieved an increase of 5.62%. In cycle II, at the 1st and 2nd meetings, there was an increase of 5.63%. So it can be said that teacher participation and ability to use digital literacy with animated interactive media through IHT activities can increase.

Empty oil palm bunches (EFB) can be converted by hydrothermal carbonation process into biochar that can be used as low-cost adsorbent. This study aims to identify the effects of pretreatment and post-treatment using alkaline activators on the biochar characteristics produced from EFB. The activation process was carried out before and after pyrolysis by heating it using an autoclave at 121 oC for 90 minutes. Biochar was then soaked using NaOH or KOH with a concentration of 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% for 3 h. The ability of biochar as an adsorbent was analyzed for its ability to absorb iodine and methylene blue. Iodine absorption analysis was carried out using the Titrimetric method, while the methylene blue absorption test was carried out using the Spectrophotometric method. Results of the analysis showed that the absorption capacity of the resulting biochar for iodine ranged from 208.86-616.32 mg/g, and the absorption capacity of biochar for methylene blue ranged from 62.53-81.11 mg/g.

The development of oil palm plantations in Bengkulu Province has increased rapidly yearly. An increase also occurred in the CPO production sector. In 2021 the Bengkulu Province's CPO production rose to 30,052 tons of CPO from the total production in 2020 of 1,063,404 tons of CPO. PT X is a CPO production industry with a 30 tons/hour production capacity of FFB located in Bengkulu Province. PT X’s activities, from oil palm cultivation, fertilization and garden maintenance, industrial processing, waste treatment, and others, impact the environment and increase emissions. This research aims to evaluate the potential environmental impact of 1 tonne of CPO production. The method used is a life cycle assessment (LCA) with three impact categories: greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, acidification, and eutrophication. The boundary of the LCA study is cradle-to-gate, which includes the oil palm plantation subsystem and the industrial CPO production process subsystem. Based on the LCA results, the environmental impact of GHG, acidification, and eutrophication of 1 tonne of CPO production is 559.9 kg-CO2eq/tonne-CPO; 2.04 kg-SO2eq/tonne-CPO, and 0,96 kg-PO43-eq/tonne-CPO. GHG emission is the most significant impact resulting from the CPO production life cycle. Alternative recommendations for improvement to reduce the impact of replacing NPK fertilizer 12:12:17 with organic fertilizer EFB and using electricity from POME biogas (methane capture).

Red brick is a building material that can be used as a construction material. Red bricks are made of pure clay or mixed materials. This study aimed to determine the effect of fly ash and heating temperature variations on physical properties (compressive strength, density, porosity, and absorption), chemical composition, phase structure, and morphology in brick making. The addition of fly ash by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the composition of the material is 750 grams. The red bricks were printed with a size of 5 x 5 x 5 cm3, heated at 700°C and 800°C for 2 hours, and soaked for 24 hours. Physical tests include compressive strength test, density test, porosity test, and absorption test, as well as red brick characterization, namely XRF, XRD, and SEM-EDS. Red brick with sample A10 at a temperature of 700°C has the highest compressive strength value of 3.68 Mpa, while red brick with sample A10 at a temperature of 800 °C has the highest compressive strength value of 4.17 Mpa. Characterization shows that the phases formed in red brick are quartz (SiO2), hematite (Fe2O3), and anorthite (Al2O3).

This article aims to determine the effect of motivation and work discipline on MA Unggulan Hikmatul Amanah Pacet. Respondents in this study were all teachers of the Supreme Court of Hikmatul Amanah Pacet, totaling 39 people. The results of the study found that: 1) The effect of work motivation on the performance of MA Hikmatul Amanah teachers was 23.9%, with a research t value of 1.589 < t table of 1.687 and a significant value of 0.121 > 0.05; 2) The effect of work discipline on Hikmatul Amanah's teacher performance was 40.9% with a research t value of 2.717 > t table of 1.687 and a significant value of 0.010 F table of 3.25. The influence of motivation and work discipline on teacher performance at MA Wisdom Amanah Pacet needs to be considered. Solutions to the problem are sought to be more helpful in improving teacher performance in the future.

The extraction of palm oil fruit (E. guineensis) is achieved by a combination of methods such as pressing, sterilizing, digesting, peeling, grading, purifying, and vacuum drying the extracted oil. This process requires excessive use of water and produces a large amount of wastewater with a high concentration of pollutants, called palm oil mill efluent (POME). This waste water is a high-viscosity liquid with a brown color and a temperature of 80-90 °C. It has a very low pH value, between 4.2-4.5, has a high chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, and is extremely toxic. POME treatment has adopted a variety of methods and technologies, including coagulation-flocculation, anaerobic-aerobic treatment and membrane technology. Biological treatment is mainly used to treat POME, and the POME treated through biological treatment is called palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE). Unfortunately, the treated wastewater still contains high concentrations of organic matter. The color of the effluent is still dark brown. The remaining pollutants from this biological process are generally difficult to degrade biologically, thus requiring suitable processing methods for its removal, so that it can be discharged to the environment safely or even reused orrecycled. One of the challenging processing methods is photocatalytic process. This method is able to utilize abundant resources in the form of sunlight, and is also effective to degrade a wide variety of recalcitrant organic pollutants in the wastewater. This paper presents the current research and development of photocatalytic degradation process for processing of palm oil mill secndary effluent. The review and analysis are focused on synthesis of photocatalyst and the photoreactor design. Based on the results of the literature review and analysis, some recommendations are formulated for future research for their application in advanced POMSE management so that it can be reused for various purposes.

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest producer of coffee commodities globally. The high productivity of coffee is a good opportunity to establish Small and Medium Industries for coffee processing. The increase in coffee production will affect the quality of the environment due to the entire series of coffee production activities such as pollution or emissions and waste. The policies set by the government encourage industries to become environmentally friendly and sustainable industries. An assessment of the coffee processing life cycle needs to be carried out to determine how big the environmental impact is from the production process. The magnitude of the environmental impact can be calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method from providing raw materials to products ready for consumption by consumers resulting in environmental impacts and requiring energy that can be calculated. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the environmental impact of coffee processing production activities using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with a gate to gate scope. The stages of LCA research are setting research objectives and scope, inventory analysis, environmental impact assessment, and implementation of improvements. The environmental impact analyzed is Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions which are categorized as one of the causes of Global Warming Potential (GWP). The results of the LCA analysis show that for every one tonne of wet-processed coffee, 1900 MJ of energy will be used, and GHG emissions of 270.17 Kg CO2eq / day are equivalent to 1.31 CO2eq / kg of ground coffee, which is equivalent to 6,438 Kg CO2eq. / month and 77,260 Kg CO2eq/ year.

Coffee is one of Indonesia's leading commodity that has the potential to be developed for agro-industry. High coffee production has encouraged the establishment of a small and medium coffee industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze possible strategies for implementing cleaner production and evaluate the impact on the environment using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with a gate to gate scope. The stages of cleaner production research used quick scan techniques, source identification, cause evaluation and option generation implementation. LCA research stages with the determination of the objectives and scope of research, inventory analysis, environmental impact assessment and implementation of improvements. Greenhouse gases (GHG) emission was assessed as an environmental impact parameter. The results showed the alternative potential for cleaner production that was applied the manufacture of drying domes (Payback Period/PBP) 3.18 months with an investment ofRp. 2,285,000), procurement of generator machines (PBP 1.16 months with an investment of Rp. 5,860,000), making air circulation in roasting room (PBP 0.07 months with an investment of Rp. 1,268,000), making of solid waste composting reactor (PBP 2.18 months with an investment of Rp. 3,440,000) and addition packing equipment (PBP 0.45 month with an investment of Rp. 3.057 .000). The results of the LCA analysis show that 1,000 Kg of dry-processed coffee requires energy of 869.92 MJ and produces GHG emissions of 95.58 Kg CO₂eq / ton coffee fruits or 0.42Kg CO₂eq / Kg coffee powder equal to 2.389Kg CO₂eq/month and 28.674Kg CO₂eq/year. Key words : environmental impact assessment, life cycle assessment, small coffee industries

Context Pandanus odoratissimus Linn. (Pandanaceae) seed extract is known to have antioxidant activities. However, the potential hepatoprotective effect is still unclear. Objective To investigate the hepatoprotection aspect of P. odoratissimus methanol extract towards paracetamol-induced rats. Materials and methods Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: one group served as the healthy control and five groups with hepatotoxicity (hepatotoxic control and 4 treatment groups). The oral treatment of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity of 3 g/kg using three different concentrations of P. odoratissimus (300, 600 and 900 mg/kg), and silymarin (200 mg/kg) groups were administered once a day for 14 days. Enzyme activities and protein levels in serum were determined in rats at the end of the treatments. The histopathology of rat livers was observed under an electron microscope with 10× magnification. Results Pandanus odoratissimus significantly decreased the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities in induced-paracetamol rat serum (p

The guest book used at Brawijaya University is digital, where visitor data is stored in a MySQL database. The use of barcode systems is quite effective compared to manual books that are manual, however, the barcode is printed, so that if too often affected by friction, the barcode can be damaged, to overcome the weaknesses that are owned by the barcode, the use of RFID technology can be a new alternative , because RFID (tag) is a technology in the form of an embedded chip. This research methodology discusses the framework carried out in the development of RFID and Fingerprint as an alternative to library guest book registration. In the implementation of NodeMCU and fingerprint sensor to the library guest book database with VB.Net GUI, it can be implemented well. Data filling on RFID cards can be done on data blocks, ie blocks other than trailer blocks and manufacturer blocks. Recording in the library guest book database can be done by comparing the registration time of students, if students register on the same day, then recording is only done once, ie at the beginning of registration. Recording can be done using queries directly embedded in the GUI, or calling functions / procedures stored in the database.

Information Technology makes things easier, the existence of a library in an institution of higher education is very important needed by all academicians, to realize a digital library and library services that are ideal for users is not an easy job. The Brawijaya University library has implemented a book lending independent service and book extensions for its visitors, so that users can feel comfortable and satisfied when utilizing the services available in the library. The independent service system in UB's Library as a form of transformation of the university library in improving the ideal service for visitors. The purpose of this study was to determine the usability analysis of independent service information systems in the Brawijaya University Library. This research is a quantitative descriptive study, using the theory of usability to determine the evaluation of self-service systems, the method used is a survey with a sample of 100 students. Hypothesis testing and data processing in this study using Partial LeastSquares(PLS). The results of this study indicate that there are 4 hypotheses that have been empirically proven to affect the usability of independent services in the Brawijaya University Library, namely the variables of Learnability, Efficiency, Memorability, Satisfaction (user satisfaction). 1 hypothesis is empirically proven to have no effect, namely the Few error variable (some errors), so that the UB library should innovate to improve services to users by submitting a mobile android based book loan application design. The intended application is intended so that the library user can borrow books independently only with the smartphone the user has.

Indonesia is the country with the greatest potential for sago in the world. This research is intended to determine the carbon footprint of sago starch produced from a semi-mechanical process. The calculation was carried out using the LCA approach with the system boundary of cradle to gate. The process steps were carried out in a combination of manual work and diesel-driven engines. The inventory data on material, energy input flows and emissions were obtained from 3 samples of typical medium-scale semi-mechanical sago mills. It was found that the carbon footprint of the sago produced from semi-mechanical processes was 37.9±0.6 kgCO2eq per 1 ton of dried sago starch. Further analysis shows that 62% of the carbon footprint comes from the extraction stage and 38% from the transportation. It can be estimated that the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from the semi-mechanical sago starch production in Indonesia for 2018 reached around 2,617,639 kg CO2eq.

ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine and describe the teacher's ability to use the WhatsApp Voice Note application program in the distance learning process through integrated mentoring. The sample in this study was 9 teachers consisting of 6 classroom teachers and 3 subject teachers who were selected based on criteria using the WhatsApp Voice Note application program. This research was conducted in 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of 2 meetings and research procedures include; planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Meanwhile, to find out the teacher's activities at work, the researchers completed measuring instruments with observation instruments based on their ability to use the WhatsApp Voice Note application. The next aspect observed was the implementation of mentoring activities for researchers (principals). The results of the first cycle of research on the teacher's ability to use WhatsApp Voice Notes in Distance Learning obtained the lowest average score of the first cycle of 70.86%, the conversion value of 3, the "Good" category the highest average score of 77.55%, the conversion value; 3, category “Good”. The lowest average score in cycle II; 86.86%, value conversion; 4, “Very Good” category, the highest average score; 91.30%, value conversion; 4, “Very Good” category. As for the increase in the results of the first cycle to the second cycle; 13.75%. Furthermore, the results of the research cycle I the average score based on the percentage obtained the lowest average score of 82.04%, the conversion value was 3, the category "Satisfactory" while the highest average score reached 87.89%, the conversion value was 4, the category "Very Satisfactory" cycle II obtained the lowest average score of 89.72%, conversion value of 4, category "Very Satisfactory" the highest average score of 94.63%, conversion value of 4, category "Very Satisfactory". The results of the research cycle I and II there was an increase of 6.74%. The results of interviews with participants and researchers related to the implementation of the guidance program are contained in the interview transcript table for the WhatsApp Voice Note application program material considering that during the pandemic it was not only SD Negeri Borosuci Kalibawang that experienced difficulties, but every elementary school in the Kulon Progo Regency area. Research through integrative guidance is very helpful for teachers to add new knowledge about the WhatsApp Voice Note application. Furthermore, the principal also feels that it provides new experiences and is helped by all teachers who have a passion for learning to do distance learning in the era of the covid-19 pandemic.

Ca-bentonit adalah jenis bentonit dengan sifat penyerapan yang baik. Sifat tersebut dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengaktifkannya melalui penambahan asam, tetapi asam apapun yang dipilih memiliki potensi untuk mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengelolaan air limbah bentonit dengan 98% H2SO4 sebagai aktivator. Karena produksi yang besar, berkelanjutan dan metode trial and error dalam mencari solusi akan membutuhkan waktu yang lama, diusulkan pemodelan sistem dinamik. Pemodelan menggunakan software Powersim Studio 7 mengacu pada data konsentrasi H+ dan jumlah bahan penetral. Model simulasi menghasilkan ilustrasi bahwa pengolahan air limbah yang efektif dan efisien adalah mengganti metode pengenceran air limbah menjadi 126 m3 / 3 ton bentonit dan penambahan campuran NaOH-kapur yang diatur secara bertahap. Netralisasi optimum didapatkan pada penambahan 961,9 kg NaOH untuk meningkatkan pH air limbah hingga pH 3 kemudian diikuti dengan penambahan 40,31 kg kapur hingga pH 6,5 sehingga perubahan pH dan waktu pengerjaan tetap terkontrol. Biaya total pengolahan optimum membutuhkan biaya total Rp 44.100.716/3 ton bentonit yang diproses.

Wood industry produces a large amount of waste water that contains various pollutants. These pollutants are mostly dangerous for the environment. This research work aims to analyze the ability of phytoremediation for reducing pollutants in wood industrial waste water. These experiments usee Chrysopongon zizanoides L. and Ipomoea aquatica Forsk as phytoremediation agents. The ability was evaluated from the improved quality of wood industrial wastewater and the growth rate of C. zizanioides (L.) and I. aquatica Forsk in wood industrial wastewater. Analysis was conducted by measuring the removal efficiency of pollutants in wood industrial wastewater, the correlation between the reduced pollutants concentrations in the waste water and plant growth rate. Furthermore, a mathematical model is developed to predict the potential of C. zizanioides (L.) and I. aquatica Forsk for wood industrial wastewater. The result showed that C.zizanioides L. and I aquatica Forsk were potential phytoremediation agent. The removal efficiency for C.zizanioides L. and I aquatica Forsk are respectively as follows: 66.19% and 41.18%, TSS 58.51% and 45.38%, COD 70.07% and 40.37%, Total Amonia Nitrogen (TAN) 63.70% and 66.96%, NH3 96.16% and 88.79%, and PO43- 53.90% and 38.38%. Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of C. zizanioides (0.011±0.002 g/day) is better than I. aquatica Forsk (0.007±0.001 g/day). Daily Growth Rate (DGR) of C. zizanioides (0.019±0.003 cm/day) is better than I. aquatica Forsk (0.012±0.006 cm/day). TSS, COD, NH3, NO3-, and phenol have a negative correlation to plant growth (based on wet weight and root length). The developed mathematical models can be used to predict the phytoremediation potential of C. zizanioides (L.) and I. aquatica Forsk in degrading COD, TSS, and phenols of wood industrial waste.

Curriculum is a tool to achieve educational goals as well as guidance in the implementation of teaching in all types and levels of education. The development (developers) have discovered several approaches in curriculum development that is intended approach with how the strategy and the correct method by following these steps systematic development in order to obtain a better curriculum. One approach developed by the developer is a humanistic approach. Humanistic curriculum developed by education experts humanistic. The curriculum is based on the concept of the flow of private education (personalized education). This stream is more giving to the students the main venue. They proceed from the assumption that a child or student is first and foremost in education. He is a subject that became the center of education. They believe that students have potential, have the ability and strength to thrive. Humanistic education is expected to restore the role and function of man is to restore man to his nature as the best of creatures (khairu ummah). The purpose of emphasizing the humanistic curriculum in terms of personal development, integration and autonomy of the individual. This objective can be seen as a means of asserting themselves.

Pengajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan di sekolah bertujuan agar siswa dapat memperoleh kemampuan berfikir logis dan kritis. Melalui pengajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan, siswa mampu mengembangkan kemampuan untuk berfikir secara logis dan memiliki keterampilan berfikir kritis dalam kehidupan sehari – hari. Pembelajaran dengan media pengajaran dapat mengubah pembelajaran dari teacher center menjadi student centered. Guru mampu menguasai dan terampil dalam melatih keterampilan proses yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Pembelajaran dengan media pengajaran dapat meningkatkan proporsi jawaban benar siswa serta sebagian tujuan pembelajaran khusus yang dirumuskan tuntas. Menimbulkan motivasi belajar, interaksi yang lebih langsung antara siswa dan lingkungannya, dan memungkinkan siswa untuk belajar sendiri sesuai dengan kemampuan dan minatnya, sehingga berpengaruh positif terhadap aktivitas belajarnya dikelas. Respon siswa terhadap komponen Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar yaitu berminat mengikuti pembelajaran berikutnya jika digunakan media pengajaran. Hasil belajar siswa yang diajar pembelajaran dengan media pengajaran lebih baik dari pada siswa yang diajar tidak menggunakan media pengajaran. Keberhasilan penyampaian pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan sangat tergantung kreatifitas guru bagaimana guru mendesain strategi pembelajarannya, bukan pada teori – teori yang ada dalam karya tulis ini.