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The extent to which knee functions improve after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) varies. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect lower knee function improvement after two years of ACLR. The study included 159 patients who underwent ACLR in the Indonesian ACL community between August 2018 and April 2020. The concomitant injury and graft types of ACLR were determined using patients' pre-surgical MRI and medical records. The five subscales of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) were used to evaluate the patient at baseline, first year, and second year following ACLR. A linear mixed-effect model (LMEM) was used to predict the longitudinal improvement models for the five-subscales KOOS score after ACLR. The LMEM predicted lower KOOS subscales scores improvements by 0.5 for QOL, 0.1 for symptom, ADL, and QOL, and 0.2 for sports/recreation, respectively, for a one score increase of age and time from injury to surgery. Male patients had higher KOOS subscale scores with the improvement of pain, symptom, and ADL by 5.7, 5.9, and 6.3 compared to female patients, respectively, while patients with patellar tendon grafts had lower improvement of KOOS score pain by 6.5 compared to hamstring tendon grafts. As the age and time from injury to surgery increased, the KOOS subscales scores of QOL and symptoms, ADL, sports/recreation, and QOL decreased. Male patients reported higher KOOS subscales scores for pain, symptoms, and ADL, while patients with patella tendon grafts had a lower improvement in pain score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the associations of specific cognitive functions and with the frailty trajectory among older Taiwanese adults. Methods: At baseline, 730 community-dwelling older adults were recruited from outpatient clinics of a general hospital. Frailty status was defined using phenotype criteria. Global cognition was assessed using the modified Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test were used to evaluate 6 cognitive domains: attention, initiation/perseveration, construction, conceptualization, memory, and processing speed. The group-based trajectory model was used to identify latent frailty trajectory groups and the multinomial logistic regression was to examine the relationships of specific cognitive functions with frailty trajectory. Results: Among 485 participants (168 men, 317 women, and mean age: 71.1 ± 5.5 years) completed 2 annual follow-up assessments, three frailty trajectory groups of improvement, no-change, and progression were identified. After adjusting for baseline frailty status, age, sex, global cognition, regular exercise habit, and number of comorbidities, higher scores on MDRS's initiation/perseveration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.75-0.95) and attention (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.38-1.00), respectively, were significantly associated with lower risk of frailty progression. Conversely, no significant association was detected between MMSE or TICSM scores and frailty improvement or progression. Conclusion: Specific cognitive functions of initiation/perseveration and attention, rather than global cognition, may be more useful to predict frailty progression, thus allowing the identification of at-risk older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]