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Multi-tier sustainable supply chain relationships (MSSCR) are complex with involvement of multiple organisations, practices, objectives, and interconnectivities. These complexities make it difficult to effectively study MSSCR using traditional empirical statistical correlative research. In MSSCR the relationship between the focal firm and sub-supplier may be affected by the relationship between the focal firm and direct-supplier, and the relationship between the direct-supplier and the sub-supplier. This paper introduces a research methodology, based on K-Means clustering, rough set theory, and cluster membership to investigate complex relationships across multi-tier sustainable supply chain triads. Collaborative advantage variables including knowledge-sharing routines, relation-specific investments, complementary capabilities, effective governance mechanisms, and long-term commitment are conceptually presented to evaluate relationships among MSSCR practices and sustainability performance. Insights for practitioners and researchers are provided. Research insights can be gained by analytically providing alternative explanatory and equifinality relationships amongst variables and multi-pair organisations. The methodology can mitigate the endogeneity problem, such as omitted factors (variables), measurement error, even in small sample data situations. Directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine whether the risk of losing proprietary information through the supply chain affects relationship‐specific investment (RSI) decisions by supply chain partners. Using state courts' staggered adoption of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) as a shock to the firm's ability to protect proprietary information, we find that customers increase RSI when their supplier is headquartered in a state that adopts IDD. The effect is more substantial for customers who face a higher risk of losing proprietary information and with suppliers that are difficult to substitute. IDD also plays a more prominent role in the absence of alternate mechanisms that reduce contracting frictions, such as shared directors, common ownership, or joint ventures. Our results are robust to using cross‐citation measures of RSI and alternative estimations that mitigate potential biases arising from the staggered difference‐in‐difference approach. Our findings suggest that proprietary information protection enables firms to reduce contracting frictions arising in supply chain relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the role of social capital in influencing decisions pertaining to buyer–supplier relationships. We report that firms make larger relationship‐specific investments when their supply chain partners are headquartered in states with high social capital. This result is more pronounced when supply chain partners have incentives to engage in opportunistic behavior. Furthermore, the duration of supply chain relationships is longer when the firm and its supply chain partner are both headquartered in high social capital states, and when the partner invests in relationship‐specific assets. Collectively, the evidence suggests that social norms reflecting trustworthiness facilitate investment and stability along supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has two policies to support supply chains. In the first model, three types of subsidies are provided for each supplier. In the second model, the government enters the chain directly by creating an integrator facility, which is responsible for packaging and coordination between facilities, and assumes the cost of packaging, and by merging publications together in one package, reduces the number of submissions and it supports the supply chain. For each of the above cases, a mathematical model was defined and a case study was conducted for 6307 customers and 119 districts of Tehran. According to the output of the models, the profit of each supplier including subsidies was more than the second model in the first model. However, the amount of subsidies paid in the first model is much higher than in the second model. By considering this issue and eliminating subsidies from profit calculations of the two models, the second model showed a more favorable performance in equal and full welfare in all regions. However, the first model had a better performance in conditions with different welfares in various regions. According to the results, in addition to subsidies, the government must enact laws that oblige publishers to complete welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of suppliers represents a pivotal aspect of supply chain management and has a considerable impact on the success and competitiveness of the organization in question. The selection of a suitable supplier is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem based on a number of qualitative, quantitative, and even conflicting criteria. The aim of this paper is to propose a novel MCDM approach dedicated to the supplier evaluation problem using an ordered fuzzy decision making system. This study uses a fuzzy inference system based on IF–THEN rules with ordered fuzzy numbers (OFNs). The approach employs the concept of OFNs to account for potential uncertainty and subjectivity in the decision making process, and it also takes into account the trends of changes in assessment values and entropy in the final supplier evaluation. This paper's principal contribution is the development of a knowledge base and the demonstration of its application in an ordered fuzzy expert system for multi-criteria supplier evaluation in a dynamic and uncertain environment. The proposed system takes into account the dynamic changes in the value of assessment parameters in the overall supplier assessment, allowing for the differentiation of suppliers based on current and historical data. The utilization of OFNs in a fuzzy model then allows for a reduction in the complexity of the knowledge base in comparison to a classical fuzzy system and makes it more accessible to users, as it requires only basic arithmetic operations in the inference process. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for the assessment of suppliers against a range of criteria, including local hiring, completeness, and defect factors. Furthermore, the potential to integrate sustainability and ESG (environmental, social, and corporate governance) criteria in the assessment process adds value to the decision making framework by adapting to current trends in supply chain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This article aims to map the expectations of manufacturing companies towards suppliers in terms of implementing improvement activities. The article poses two research questions: RQ1: What kind of improvement of activities do the surveyed producers expect from their suppliers? RQ2: Do factors such as size, capital or implemented systems influence different assessments of the analyzed requirements toward suppliers? Design/methodology/approach – The Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) technique was used to collect data. The sample consists of 150 producers (employing over 50 people) who were suppliers for enterprises from the automotive, electromechanical and chemical sectors operating in the Polish business-to-business (B2B) market. We analyzed 11 improvement activities, while their correlation structure was examined by exploratory factor analysis. Findings – We have identified three latent factors – risk reduction, product innovation and increasing efficiency – which summarize the main expectations of manufacturing companies towards suppliers. Expectations for these factors are independent of the implemented management system, although the analysis showed higher expectations for product innovation in organizations with the implementation of Kaizen. Originality/value – The article fills the research gap in the literature. The research results presented in the literature so far have focused on the expectations of enterprises towards suppliers in terms of meeting the criteria for their initial and periodic assessment. The research gap in the article is the result of empirical research presenting the expectations of manufacturers towards suppliers in terms of improving their processes. Based on the findings of the presented study, development trends and implications for managers responsible for purchasing processes and relationships with suppliers can be determined.

The supply operation is widely used among professionals, which is why it has imposed the regulation of the relations between them. The supply contract complements the provisions of the sales contract, concerning the effects of the contract, specifically the obligations of the parties: those of the supplier, namely the transfer of ownership of the supplied goods, delivery of goods and provision of services, bearing the risk of loss of the goods up until they are handed over, the warranty obligation for eviction, and the warranty obligation for the defects of the supplied goods, as well as those of the beneficiary, namely taking over the goods and paying the price of the products or services. An aspect that adds specificity to the supply contract is the possibility of subcontracting the supply, which, we believe, raises issues due to the lack of regulation regarding the possibility of changing the price by conventional means.

Consumer showrooming has become a common phenomenon in the retail industry, but little is known about its influence on the interplay between an upstream supplier and a downstream retailer in a distribution channel. Our study examines such an influence by considering an upstream supplier who sells a product through a downstream physical retailer based on a wholesale contract. At the same time, based on an agency contract, the supplier sells the product on an online retail platform where a nonneglectable amount of consumer returns occurs due to product misfits. We find that, on the one hand, consumer showrooming enables the supplier to take a greater share of the offline channel profit by exploiting the physical retailer's deterrence of showrooming. On the other hand, consumer showrooming as a mixed-channel shopping method makes the supplier less capable of adjusting the direct online demand according to its marginal cost of handling returns. Such a return-loss-propagation-moderating effect protects the downstream physical retailer from the upstream supplier's strategic pricing that intends to shift sales from offline to direct online when the supplier finds it cost efficient to handle online product returns. Our study also shows that the retailer can replace the wholesale contract with the store-within-a-store model with a rental fee contract to leverage the upstream supplier's incentive to mitigate the adverse effect of showrooming. The findings inform the physical retailer that the more critical issue may not be showrooming itself but aligning with the upstream supplier to promote offline sales in the presence of showrooming. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems. Funding: S. Kumar thanks Temple Center for International Business Education and Research for partially supporting this research. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.01990. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of the study was to investigate public compliance with ethical procurement practices in Tanzania. Three specific objectives guided the study were; to evaluate the extent to which compliance with regulations affects the procurement process; to identify the challenges faced in achieving full compliance with ethical procurement practices and to propose recommendations and strategies for enhancing compliance with ethical procurement practices based on best practices. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population constituted 71 procurement officers, and a stratified random sampling method was adopted to obtain 60 sampled respondents from the target population. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect primary data from the respondents. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and SPSS software. The study findings revealed that, there is a positive relationship between compliance with regulation and ethical procurement practices, and that procurement officers are competent and skilled to enhance procurement compliance. Suppliers also stressed improving the tendering system and clearer item specifications. The study recommends that the Government, procurement policymakers, and procuring entities should adhere to the procurement laws and regulations set up by the PPRA which finally leads to the appreciation of the value of money within the institution. In conclusion, it was emphasized that prioritizing ethical conduct in procurement practices is vital and enhances compliance with procurement regulations and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research provides limited evidence on the impact of supply chain relationships on the financial performance of upstream and downstream firms. Taking the recent proliferation of supply chain alliances between Chinese listed companies as an opportunity, we study the impact of supply chain alliances on the performance of customers and suppliers as well as the underlying mechanisms at play. We focus on Chinese A-share listed companies from 2001 to 2021 and use announcements issued by the listed companies to identify whether they have established a supply chain alliance with another listed company. The announcements come from the information disclosure system of listed companies of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Finally, we obtained 148 pairs of supply chain alliances which formed by 231 listed companies and involved 296 announcements of supply chain alliances. By using the propensity score matching method and difference-in-differences regressions, we find that supply chain alliances can alleviate friction between customers and suppliers and significantly improve the efficiency of working capital used by both customers and suppliers. Supply chain alliances increase suppliers’ inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover, and reduce cash holdings, while supply chain alliances improve customer raw material turnover, and reduce accounts payable turnover. Moreover, the economic impact of supply chain alliances on customers and suppliers is asymmetric. Suppliers benefit more from alliances relative to customers, as evidenced by significant improvements in their financial performance and significantly reduced performance volatility. The “inherent differences” in market power and market value between customers and suppliers can have considerable asymmetries on economic consequences. We divide firms in a pair of supply chain alliances by market power and market value. The magnitude of the financial performance accruing from an alliance is considerably higher for the lower-market-power firm than for the higher-market-power firm. The magnitude of the financial performance accruing from an alliance is considerably higher for the lower-market-value firm than for the higher-market-value firm. Additionally, vertical supply chain alliances can significantly improve firm performance and reduce performance volatility compared to horizontal supply chain alliances. This paper provides new empirical evidence for our insight into the economic consequences of supply chain alliances and their boundary conditions.

Memilih supplier didalam rantai pasok industri manufaktur merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk keberhasilan operasional dan daya saing perusahaan, karena mempengaruhi biaya, efisiensi, kualitas produk, kepuasan pelanggan, dan reputasi perusahaan. Dalam konteks globalisasi dan kompleksitas rantai pasok yang meningkat, berbagai kriteria seperti kualitas produk, ketepatan waktu pengiriman, dan kepatuhan terhadap standar internasional seperti International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 22000:2018 dan ISO 9001:2015 harus dipertimbangkan untuk memastikan pemenuhan kebutuhan jangka pendek serta keberlanjutan operasional jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengatasi masalah pemilihan supplier terbaik dengan menerapkan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), yang efisien dalam mengevaluasi kriteria relevan. Langkah awal melibatkan identifikasi kriteria penilaian yang relevan seperti kualitas, waktu pengiriman, dan kepatuhan standar ISO, kemudian memberikan bobot pada setiap kriteria berdasarkan tingkat kepentingannya. Data kinerja supplier dikumpulkan secara sistematis dan diproses melalui metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) untuk menghasilkan peringkat relatif dari setiap supplier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan supplier V7 memperoleh peringkat tertinggi dengan nilai 50,8, memberikan kontribusi berharga dalam pemahaman dan pemilihan supplier terbaik dalam konteks keandalan, kualitas, dan kepatuhan standar industri, serta menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) meningkatkan efisiensi perhitungan dan pengelolaan data.

The article discusses the approach to building a mathematic model of business-ecosystem. To provide objectivity to the model it is proposed to study business-ecosystem as a customer-centric triad, which includes, firstly, the totality of elements of inter-branch belonging interacting in the process of development, production and marketing; secondly, one or several digital platforms with a set of various services integrated around one company. It gives the customer an opportunity to move in a ‘seamless’ way along them and obtain benefits from their complex use and satisfy his/her needs in conditions of one window. And thirdly, this pattern covers the organization itself, which uses innovation approaches to management and considers the enterprise as a self-developing complex living body that can effectively interact with the outward environment. The most important parameter showing profitability of staying in business-system is price of goods and services, which shall be studied from different sides at the same time: customer, supplier and organizer (proprietor) of the eco-system. Apart from profitable price for all participants, in order to assess efficiency of participation in business-ecosystems it is proposed to investigate functions of cost minimization, market share maximization and the rate of customer satisfaction maximization. The system of these criteria allows us, on the one hand, to identify limits of the business-ecosystem and on the other hand, to model the behavior of its elements and on this basis to make adequate managerial decisions.

In this work, the Exponential-Logarithmic Distribution (ELD) was used to analyze real-life data, and some properties of the distribution were discussed with the help of the Mathematica software. Simulation study was also carried out for different values of the parameters of some distributions with the aid of the mathematical package, and observations were recorded. Comparison between the theoretical moments and the raw moment shows that the Exponential-Logarithmic distribution is a good fit for the data. The method of maximum likelihood estimation was used (mle) to estimate the model parameters. The score function could not be solved directly since it is a non-linear system of equation and the Newton Raphson's iterative method was used for the numerical computation of the parameter estimates. This was achieved with the use of the mass, stat4, nacopula and fitdistrplus packages in R software. The model was applied to a real-life problem on the length of time (trade credit period) it takes a retailer to pay back goods bought on credit from the supplier before he is debt free in Ika-south local government area, Delta state and prediction was made with the aid of the survival and the hazard function. At time zero, the probability of "survival" (that is the probability that a retailer remains a debtor immediately after the purchase is 1.0). This is the same as saying that 100% of retailers remain debtors immediately after purchase. Now, the median survival is approximately 26 hours. Thus, the length of time (credit period) from after purchase that half of the retailers receive trade credit funding is 26 hours that is to say, half of them will "survive" trade credit funding after 26 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the legal obligations to update digital products within the context of contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services. Through a legal analysis of the provisions of the German Civil Code relevant to this obligation, the study explores the specificities that make this requirement distinctive for digital products. The research methodology includes a qualitative analysis of legal texts and relevant literature to identify key elements and challenges in the implementation of the obligation to update. The findings reveal that suppliers are legally obliged to provide updates for digital products even when such an obligation is not explicitly stipulated in the contract. This research contributes to a better understanding of the legal aspects of updating digital products and provides a foundation for future legislative initiatives and practical guidelines for suppliers.

This study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the quality management method and the supplier performance measurement system. The results indicate that in some cases, organizations that had implemented lean management or TPS used supplier assessment measures more often and perceived them as more important ones. Moreover, according to the study, the most popular supplier measures are within the scope of process ones, such as timeliness of deliveries and completeness of deliveries. From the product measures, the most important one is the defectiveness level. The environmental measures' importance is, on an average level, much lower than the core-business ones. The most critical environmental supplier measure is using hazardous substances in production.

The selection of suppliers represents a pivotal aspect of supply chain management and has a considerable impact on the success and competitiveness of the organization in question. The selection of a suitable supplier is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem based on a number of qualitative, quantitative, and even conflicting criteria. The aim of this paper is to propose a novel MCDM approach dedicated to the supplier evaluation problem using an ordered fuzzy decision making system. This study uses a fuzzy inference system based on IF–THEN rules with ordered fuzzy numbers (OFNs). The approach employs the concept of OFNs to account for potential uncertainty and subjectivity in the decision making process, and it also takes into account the trends of changes in assessment values and entropy in the final supplier evaluation. This paper’s principal contribution is the development of a knowledge base and the demonstration of its application in an ordered fuzzy expert system for multi-criteria supplier evaluation in a dynamic and uncertain environment. The proposed system takes into account the dynamic changes in the value of assessment parameters in the overall supplier assessment, allowing for the differentiation of suppliers based on current and historical data. The utilization of OFNs in a fuzzy model then allows for a reduction in the complexity of the knowledge base in comparison to a classical fuzzy system and makes it more accessible to users, as it requires only basic arithmetic operations in the inference process. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for the assessment of suppliers against a range of criteria, including local hiring, completeness, and defect factors. Furthermore, the potential to integrate sustainability and ESG (environmental, social, and corporate governance) criteria in the assessment process adds value to the decision making framework by adapting to current trends in supply chain management.

This article empirically examines the effects of environmental uncertainty, intraorganizational factors, and interorganizational relationships on information sharing and information quality in supply chain management. Using data collected from 196 organizations, multiple regression analysis is applied to examine factors that influence information sharing/quality. Information sharing and information quality were found to be positively influenced by trust in supply chain partners and shared vision of supply chain partners, but negatively influenced by supplier uncertainty. The results of study show that change and quality of information are not influenced by customer uncertainty, technological uncertainty, the involvement of supply chain partners or supporting IT facilities. Furthermore, discriminant analysis shows that supplier uncertainty, supply chain partner shared vision, and supply chain partner commitment are the three most important factors in distinguishing organizations with a high level of shared vision and information quality from organizations with a low level of information sharing and quality information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the digital procurement transformation continues to evolve, it is crucial to adopt a risk-aware approach to ensure successful outcomes. This paper delves into the necessity of a risk-aware approach to digital procurement transformation, specifically focusing on the role of professional procurement management and the significance of supplier partnerships in the digital environment. The research aimed to examine the critical role of risk management in the digital transformation of procurement. A total of 318 respondents from Serbia participated in the study. The role of professional management in procurement must encompass risk management to guarantee success in digital procurement transformation. Furthermore, the study identified that adequate preparation, information, and training for individuals involved are crucial for a seamless transition to digital procurement. The digital transformation of procurement contributes to sustainability by enhancing efficiency, transparency, and collaboration across the supply chain, ultimately fostering environmentally conscious practices and responsible resource management. In summary, the research underscores the need for a comprehensive and risk-aware approach to digital procurement transformation, considering the pivotal roles of procurement professionals, supplier partnerships, and the integration of new technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts arise because of deficient coordination between actors during the exchange of goods and services in agribusiness systems. The aim of the study was to assess conflicts at the smallholder level by reviewing literature resources. From the systemic analysis, it is evident that price imposition is the main conflict that smallholders face during commercialization with suppliers and agro-industries. Conflicts arise due to the high bargaining power of large corporations. The concentration of companies in input supply and processing markets also generates conflict environments during transactions. Collective forms and the use of contracts are conflict mitigation alternatives in agrifood chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of UCV Hacer is the property of UCV Hacer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the quality management method and the supplier performance measurement system. The results indicate that in some cases, organizations that had implemented lean management or TPS used supplier assessment measures more often and perceived them as more important ones. Moreover, according to the study, the most popular supplier measures are within the scope of process ones, such as timeliness of deliveries and completeness of deliveries. From the product measures, the most important one is the defectiveness level. The environmental measures' importance is, on an average level, much lower than the corebusiness ones. The most critical environmental supplier measure is using hazardous substances in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat has had a substantial influence on the food security of a number of different nations. In addition, governments are grappling with a number of difficulties, such as fast population expansion, a lack of available water, growing urbanization, and a restricted amount of wheat production in agricultural settings. As a result, the majority of their wheat and wheat products come from outside sources. The purpose of this research is to discover the main wheat suppliers and rate them according to certain criteria by analyzing the different ways of supplier selection that are currently available. The type-2 neutrosophic numbers-Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution (T2NNs-MARCOS) methodology was used in order to evaluate, choose, and rank the most reliable wheat suppliers in the African and Middle Eastern regions. According to the data, Russia is the country that provides the highest quality wheat. Because of its proximity, its robust connections via official channels, and its adaptability, this provider is often regarded as being the most reliable and cost-effective option. Because wheat is a key commodity, importers, decision-makers, and anyone involved with wheat imports may find this research helpful in identifying and selecting suppliers.

Supply chain management has been identified as the major constraint on the growth of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the Malaysian wood products and furniture sector. Therefore, a study to examine the characteristics of supply chain among Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the wood industry registered with the Malaysian Timber Industry Board was conducted. The results revealed that most of the respondents were micro- and small-sized enterprises, with a sales focus on the domestic and contract-market. They were predominantly wooden furniture manufacturers, who had a relatively low level of knowledge about supply chain management. The respondents also indicated that their major challenges include lack of finances, small volume of production, and the lack of government support. The factor analysis and regression analysis conducted revealed that for Bumiputera entrepreneurs to gain better supply chain management they need to improve their frequency of engagement, trust, culture, and maturity with their supply chain actors and partners. The results of this study are unique, as it implies that policymakers should take heed of improving supply chain management, to reverse the flagging fortune of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the Malaysian wood products and furniture sector.

ABSTRACTThis study examines the effect of common analysts covering both suppliers and their major customers on suppliers’ investment efficiency. Using a sample of A-share listed firms in China from 2007 to 2018, we find that suppliers with common analyst coverage exhibit higher investment efficiency. This effect is stronger when suppliers have greater demand for obtaining customer information from common analysts, for example, when suppliers have shorter relationships with and are smaller than their customers, and when their customers have more fluctuating earnings and poorer accounting information quality. It is also stronger when common analysts possess a distinct information advantage about customers, for example, when they have relatively higher customer industry specialisation, more information about customers’ competitors, more experience, and are star analysts. Taken together, our results suggest that suppliers can obtain prospective information about their customers from common analysts, which facilitates suppliers’ efficient investment.

Fully understand the development of suppliers in order to make better supplier selection. This paper is based on the knowledge graph, through the knowledge updating of the knowledge graph combined with the Transformer model for knowledge extraction of supplier entity relationship, forming the ternary semantic information of supplier entity relationship. Then, based on the big data platform for the construction of supplier holographic portrait and knowledge storage, through information integration, analysis and other links to identify the supplier attributes for label definition. Taking cell phone product suppliers as an example, we use Python technology to obtain relevant data and validate the specific role of supplier holographic portrait in terms of the supplier’s comprehensive strength, behavioral prediction, transaction closeness, and comprehensive evaluation. The results show that: the correlation between the comprehensive strength of suppliers and the amount of winning bids is strong, and its R2 test result is 0.5924, and it can realize the behavioral prediction of suppliers in the supply chain. Supplier H offers a range of cell phone products in 2022, which is 17.62%21.17% higher than the benchmark market price. The holographic portrait of suppliers based on a knowledge graph combined with a big data platform can meet the need to carry out an all-around analysis of suppliers and provide more accurate support for diversified decision-making on the demand side.

Procurement is one of the basic functions of any enterprise. Without them, no company would survive. In this scientific paper, we carried out research in the field of catering, that is, we emphasize how important purchases are in catering in every company, as well as how purchases are made regardless of the company's activity, and also how purchases are made in hotel-restaurant enterprises because they are necessary for the company to survive, to satisfy the demands of the consumers, that is, to satisfy the customers. We analyzed the behavior of the employees in the companies during the procurement process, how they face the risks in the procurement process and, most importantly, we can see how the purchases of a hotel-restaurant company enable success and prosperity in the company itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the successful and sustainable deployment and diffusion of smart factories, both the capabilities of the adopters who operate the factories and the capabilities of the suppliers who supply information technology and equipment play very important roles. However, since the existing models for diagnosing the capabilities of smart factories are mainly focused on evaluating the capabilities of the manufacturing companies themselves, such as technological capabilities and digital transformation, there are not many models that diagnose the supply capabilities of suppliers from the perspective of demand companies. Unlike models that diagnose the level of smart factories, when diagnosing the capabilities of suppliers, various factors such as supply experience and management capabilities must be comprehensively evaluated in addition to the capabilities of the company itself. Therefore, this study proposes a new model to diagnose the capabilities of suppliers from the perspective of adopters who want to build smart factories and verifies the validity of the model by applying the model for a pilot diagnosis for 32 suppliers. In addition, based on the survey results obtained from both adopters and suppliers participating in the pilot diagnoses, this study proposes an institutionalization plan for capability diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the legal aspects of financial leasing management, emphasizing the role of leasing companies with subjects of leasing transactions within the legal space. For the purposes of ensuring a stable quality level of leasing services, a reference financial leasing agreement is proposed. The legal practice of regulating leasing activities in Russia is described. Legal terms relevant to the leasing market of Russia and the main forms of leasing are considered. The author believes that this will have a positive impact on the scale of the leasing market and will make leasing one of the drivers of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of food safety management systems has a great influence on global food safety and security, especially for developing nations. The principles of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points are crucial for food safety and are the basis of food safety management systems. The purpose of this study was to assess the food safety management systems of a selected small-sized food company in India, both before and after certification of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 22000 and the Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP). This company manufactured traditional fried vegetable snacks using manual processing. The effectiveness of these certifications was assessed through direct audit. The integrated FSVP and ISO 22000 audit checklist were elaborated and applied in this study. It was shown that the certification significantly improved (97.14%) food safety system conformity in the company in question. Before certification, many non-compliances were found, especially for HACCP implementation. After certification, the only non-conformity concerned pest control. The integrated FSVP and ISO 22000 audit checklist used for the assessment enabled an evaluation of several factors: the food quality and safety compliance level, the effectiveness of certification, and the readiness of the small-sized Indian snack producer to develop the export of their products to the U.S. and other developed countries. It was shown that certification enabled a small-sized Indian food producer to meet the requirements of ISO 22000 and FSVP, which are the prerequisites for exporting to the U.S. and other developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of the research will be to indicate the gap in the cooperation between the offer of the petrol station network and the needs reported by micro and small road transport enterprises, whose headquarters are located in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The essence of the research problem will boil down to answering the question: To what extent the commercial offer of the petrol station network addressed to micro and small road transport enterprises in the Podkarpackie Voivodship reflects the real needs of the market? Therefore, the subject of the study is the retail market of transport fuels, and the subject of the research are the network of petrol stations as well as micro and small road transport enterprises located in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The area of research are the gaps between the attributes of the commercial offer of the petrol station network and the determinants of its choice by the surveyed enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: The research procedure will run through the following stages: 1) indicating the topic, purpose and scope of the research; 2) indication of the evaluation criterion; 3) measuring the attributes of the commercial offer; 4) measuring the supplier selection determinants; 5) characteristics of the entities participating in the research and the forms of their cooperation; 6) expert assessment of measurement results in the area of attributes of the commercial offer; 7) expert assessment of measurement results in the area of supplier selection determinants; 8) analysis and interpretation of the obtained results; 9) final conclusions; 10) dissemination of research results. The research method used is the expert method. For the purposes of the topic and purpose of the research, the following criteria were selected for evaluation, i.e. 1) the importance of the price; 2) importance of non-price factors; 3) transaction financial services; 4) e-book and mobile application; 5) services at petrol stations; 6) geographical scope of the commercial offer; 7) number of petrol stations and their location; 8) the position and importance of the operator. The above criteria will be subject to a threestage evaluation by an expert, i.e. 1) essential (basic) factor; 2) secondary factor; 3) a factor of limited importance. Findings: The implementation of the topic and purpose of the research allowed gap between the attributes of the commercial offer of the petrol station network and the determinants of its selection by micro and small road transport enterprises located in the Podkarpackie Voivodship. It should be emphasized that the presented research is the third (last) stage of the research process, the main purpose of which was to indicate the scope and form of cooperation between a retail supplier of liquid fuels and a micro and small enterprise of road transport in the Podkarpackie Voivodship. The stages of its implementation include: 1) defining the attributes of the commercial offer of the petrol station network in the analyzed region; 2) indication of the determinants of the choice of liquid fuel supplier by the surveyed enterprises; 3) determining to what extent the commercial offer of the petrol station network addressed to micro and small road transport enterprises in the Podkarpackie Voivodship reflects the real needs of the market. In the final part of the article, the final conclusions from the entire research process and the encountered limitations and weaknesses will be presented. Originality/value: In this article, the actions taken led to the expansion of scientific knowledge in the discipline of management and quality science in the field of commercial systems, their organization and management. The research focused on areas that have and will have an impact on improving the competitive position of a road transport enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintenance, Refurbishment and Network Upgrading Systems occupy a prominent place among service systems, especially due to their dispersed location and large territorial extent. For the efficient opertaion of these systems, it is essential to apply Project Oriented Management (POM), which aims at optimizing logistic processes and meeting project specific requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain management has been identified as the major constraint on the growth of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the Malaysian wood products and furniture sector. Therefore, a study to examine the characteristics of supply chain among Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the wood industry registered with the Malaysian Timber Industry Board was conducted. The results revealed that most of the respondents were micro- and small-sized enterprises, with a sales focus on the domestic and contract-market. They were predominantly wooden furniture manufacturers, who had a relatively low level of knowledge about supply chain management. The respondents also indicated that their major challenges include lack of finances, small volume of production, and the lack of government support. The factor analysis and regression analysis conducted revealed that for Bumiputera entrepreneurs to gain better supply chain management they need to improve their frequency of engagement, trust, culture, and maturity with their supply chain actors and partners. The results of this study are unique, as it implies that policymakers should take heed of improving supply chain management, to reverse the flagging fortune of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the Malaysian wood products and furniture sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the processes between supplier and customer and the detection and handling of defects is based on objective, quantified criteria so that customer complaints can be handled as efficiently as possible, with the least possible inconvenience. One possible riskmanagement method is FMEA, or Failure Mode(s) and Effect(s) Analysis, which allows a team to anticipate and prevent failures from occurring anywhere. It is an analytical methodology to identify and check for potential problems when designing a product, service or process. It can be used to reduce the number of defective supplies and thus indirectly increase customer satisfaction (by more efficient purchasing, the price can be kept lower and the quality higher, and fewer customer complaints from end users can be expected). It was used in this study to assess the supplier quality of a Hungarian industrial company in the FMCG sector and to make tangible improvements in a short time to eliminate supplier defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Currently, agro-industrial holdings occupy a dominant position in Russia, which creates certain imbalances both in the agricultural and processing industries of the agro-industrial sector of the economy. In this connection, it is necessary to create conditions for the full functioning of SMP-agricultural producers. For this purpose, cooperation, conclusion of contracts or participation in state and municipal procurement can be used. Purpose. Determination of the algorithm of participation of SMP-agricultural producers in the procurement process at the state and municipal levels. The work is theoretical in nature and is aimed at developing methodological approaches to the implementation of state and municipal purchases from agricultural producers. Materials and methods. The study is based on legislative and regulatory acts and, at the same time, on the opinions of various authors on the problem of the participation of SMEs in the contract system of state and municipal procurement. Results. In the course of the study, legislative and regulatory acts were considered in relation to procurement of various levels; an assessment of the participation of small businesses-agricultural producers in the field of public procurement was given; algorithms for the participation of this kind of entities in the procurement process were formed. Conclusion. As a result, various aspects and features of the participation of small businesses in public procurement were identified.

Value chain analysis is carried out to determine the percentage of added value of a product which has been process post-harvest treatments or turned into a new product in each step of marketing chain. This study aimed to determine the relationship between value chain actors and theirs added value of corn raw materials in feed production at PT. Sinar Terang Madani Makassar. Data obtained in this study were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the value chain actors at PT. Sinar Terang Madani consisted of farmers, suppliers, manufacturers, customers, and distributors. Value chain actor with the highest profit was AM supplier, with a margin of Rp. 777/kg.

Dentro de las fuentes de innovación tecnológica externa que pueden usar los agronegocios, se encuentran los proveedores; flujos de conocimiento que estarían condicionados a la forma en que se desarrollan las relaciones comerciales. En tal sentido, la presente investigación tiene como propósito evaluar de forma empírica un modelo teórico entre la calidad de la relación comercial y la innovación tecnológica a partir de una muestra de 250 productores agrícolas del sur oriente de Colombia. La metodología tiene un enfoque explicativo y predictivo, utiliza principalmente la técnica de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales por el método de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) y propone para la variable “La calidad de la relación comercial” dos modelos de medida a evaluar, unidimensional y multidimensional, y para la “Innovación tecnológica” un modelo bidimensional. Los resultados permiten concluir que existe relación directa y positiva entre el nivel de calidad de la relación comercial y la innovación tecnológica en los agronegocios, aportando sus resultados a la teoría del marketing relacional y al concepto de innovación como sistema.

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is one of the main decision-making problems which aims to determine the best alternative by considering more than one criterion in the selection process. MCDM has manifold tools and methods that can be applied in different fields from finance to engineering design. This scientific article presented a multi-criteria decision-making model for selecting supplier proposals. The developed model is based on the analysis of several criteria that may influence the choice of supplier. The criteria were classified based on their impact on the organization's business processes. The study showed that the model allows accurate and reliable decisions in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to increase effectiveness in the selection of drug suppliers in the Tangerang public hospital pharmacy. Tangerang General Hospital is an agency engaged in the health and pharmaceutical services sector. This pharmaceutical division has an internal pharmaceutical application that has been implemented with various features used for recording transaction data both drug sales and drug purchases. Currently there is more than one supplier that supplies the same drug. Therefore, the main focus of this research is to design an engine to feature a decision support system by utilizing the analytical hierarchy process approach for selecting the best specific medicine supplier. A decision support system (DSS) is an information system designed to assist decision makers in processing complex information and providing relevant data to support these decisions. The approach that used in this research is analytical hierarchy process with the criteria as needed. The conclusion of this research is to design a prototype engine that is able to provide information and recommendations about the best drug suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]