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Besides being a Ca2+-regulating hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH) has also been shown to regulate epithelial transport of certain ions, such as Cl−, HCO3−, and Na+, particularly in the kidney. Although the intestinal epithelium also expressed PTH receptors, little was known regarding its mechanism in the regulation of intestinal ion transport. We investigated the ion regulatory role of PTH in intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer by Ussing chamber technique and alternating current impedance spectroscopy. It was found that Caco-2 cells rapidly responded to PTH within 1 min by increasing apical HCO3−secretion. CFTR served as the principal route for PTH-stimulated apical HCO3−efflux, which was abolished by various CFTR inhibitors, namely, NPPB, glycine hydrazide-101 (GlyH-101), and CFTRinh-172, as well as by small interfering RNA against CFTR. Concurrently, the plasma membrane resistance was decreased with no changes in the plasma membrane capacitance or paracellular permeability. HCO3−was probably supplied by basolateral uptake via the electrogenic Na+-HCO3−cotransporter and by methazolamide-sensitive carbonic anhydrase, while the resulting intracellular H+might be extruded by both apical and basolateral Na+/H+exchangers. Furthermore, the PTH-stimulated HCO3−secretion was markedly reduced by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (PKI 14–22 amide) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors (wortmannin and LY-294002), but not by intracellular Ca2+chelator (BAPTA-AM) or protein kinase C inhibitor (GF-109203X). In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that PTH directly and rapidly stimulated apical HCO3−secretion through CFTR in PKA- and PI3K-dependent manner, which was a novel noncalciotropic, ion regulatory action of PTH in the intestinal epithelium.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently demonstrated to enhance the HCO(3)(-) secretion through the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but how the HCO(3)(-) entered the epithelial cells was not well understood, in part, due to the lack of specific inhibitors of the basolateral HCO(3)(-) transporters. Moreover, the function of the PTH-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion has never been investigated in vivo. Here, we designed three specific pairs of small interfering RNA sequences to simultaneously knockdown three variants of the electrogenic Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) co-transporter (NBCe)-1 in the intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer. The results showed that NBCe1 mRNA levels were markedly reduced, and the PTH-induced transepithelial current and voltage changes were diminished after triple knockdown as determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Ussing chamber technique, respectively. An in vivo ligated intestinal loop study further showed that there was an increased fluid secretion, presumably driven by HCO(3)(-) transport, in the ileum, but not in jejunum or colon, of rats administered intravenously with 2 μg/kg body weight of rat PTH 1-34. Therefore, the present results suggested that PTH stimulated intestinal HCO(3)(-) secretion, particularly in the ileum, by inducing the basolateral HCO(3)(-) uptake via NBCe1.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was recently demonstrated to enhance the HCO(3)(-) secretion through the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), but how the HCO(3)(-) entered the epithelial cells was not well understood, in part, due to the lack of specific inhibitors of the basolateral HCO(3)(-) transporters. Moreover, the function of the PTH-stimulated HCO(3)(-) secretion has never been investigated in vivo. Here, we designed three specific pairs of small interfering RNA sequences to simultaneously knockdown three variants of the electrogenic Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) co-transporter (NBCe)-1 in the intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer. The results showed that NBCe1 mRNA levels were markedly reduced, and the PTH-induced transepithelial current and voltage changes were diminished after triple knockdown as determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Ussing chamber technique, respectively. An in vivo ligated intestinal loop study further showed that there was an increased fluid secretion, presumably driven by HCO(3)(-) transport, in the ileum, but not in jejunum or colon, of rats administered intravenously with 2 μg/kg body weight of rat PTH 1-34. Therefore, the present results suggested that PTH stimulated intestinal HCO(3)(-) secretion, particularly in the ileum, by inducing the basolateral HCO(3)(-) uptake via NBCe1.

Besides being a Ca²-regulating hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH) has also been shown to regulate epithelial transport of certain ions, such as Cl, HCO₃, and Na, particularly in the kidney. Although the intestinal epithelium also expressed PTH receptors, little was known regarding its mechanism in the regulation of intestinal ion transport. We investigated the ion regulatory role of PTH in intestinal epithelium-like Caco-2 monolayer by Ussing chamber technique and alternating current impedance spectroscopy. It was found that Caco-2 cells rapidly responded to PTH within 1 min by increasing apical HCO₃- secretion. CFTR served as the principal route for PTH-stimulated apical HCOV efflux, which was abolished by various CFTR inhibitors, namely, NPPB, glycine hydrazide-101 (GlyH-101), and CFTRinh-172, as well as by small interfering RNA against CFTR. Concurrently, the plasma membrane resistance was decreased with no changes in the plasma membrane capacitance or paracellular permeability. HCOV was probably supplied by basolateral uptake via the electrogenic Na⁺-HCO₃⁻ cotransporter and by methazolamide-sensitive carbonic anhydrase, while the resulting intracellular H⁺ might be extruded by both apical and basolateral Na/H exchangers. Furthermore, the PTH-stimulated HCO₃-secretion was markedly reduced by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (PKI 14-22 amide) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors (wortmannin and LY-294002), but not by intracellular Ca²⁺ chelator (BAPTA-AM) or protein kinase C inhibitor (GF-109203X). In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that PTH directly and rapidly stimulated apical HCO₃- secretion through CFTR in PKA- and PI3K-dependent manner, which was a novel noncalciotropic, ion regulatory action of PTH in the intestinal epithelium.