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Determining rock properties is very important for various needs in engineering design. It requires samples of soil and rock that are representative enough for laboratory test. The effort to obtain rock properties through laboratory testing is arduous, therefore, it is anticipated that geophysical technique may be able to ease the process without reducing the quality of data. This research aims to determine rock properties based on resistivity. The rock properties data (stength, wet density, moisture content) was obtained through laboratory test on soil and rock samples from a drilling activity, while the resistivity data was obtained by using geoelectric measurement at the drilling locations as the trajectories. There were 10 boreholes with the depths varying between 30-100 m, while geoelectric surveying depth of investigation reached to about 80 m with a 500 m trajectory. The research was conducted that the study area is covered with Quaternary deposits which are mainly consist of clay and pebble sediments. A statistical method was performed to analyze the relationship between rock properties and resistivity. The result shows that in Quaternary rocks, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that there are significant linear relationships between resistivity and strength as well as natural moisture content, but not for wet density. This approach to the relationship of resistivity and rock properties can be utilized in geotechnical analysis for various purposes. The results of this analysis can be used as a reference when carrying out any future geotechnical analysis by combining resistivity measurements within the same study area.

There are many methods that discuss the prediction of flyrock distance in blasting operation, but none of them specifically discusses flyrock distance in sedimentary rock with low strength. The empirical method based on a statistical approach also has no specific research on it. This study aims to obtain a formula for predicting flyrock distance due to blasting on a sedimentary rock with low strength using ammonium nitrate fuel oil. A total of 196 samples were obtained from the blasting that has been operated. The variables included for building the new prediction model of flyrock distance are stemming, blast-hole height, powder factor, and average charge per blast hole. The analysis was carried out using a statistical approach with the concept of regression and correlation. Unlike the previous model that applied a dimensional approach, the new model set each of the predictor variables to have their respective regression coefficients in order to see how they play a role in predicting the flyrock distance. The results show that burden, stemming, blast-hole height, powder factor, and average charge per blast hole significantly affect the flyrock distance. The variance in flyrock distance can be explained uniquely 3.50% by burden, 10.74% by stemming, 2.55% by blast-hole height, 2.32% by powder factor, and 2.76% by average charge per blast hole. The new proposed model of flyrock distance is better than the previous model by looking at the mean absolute percentage error. To predict the flyrock distance of sedimentary rock with low strength, the new model can be used.

The objective of this study is to elucidate the integration of religious moderation values within the student body of madrasahs in Sampang Regency, Madura, achieved via collaboration with community and educational professional entities, namely madrasah working groups (KKM), teacher working groups (KKG), subject teacher deliberations (MGMP), and guidance and counseling teacher deliberations (MGBK). Employing a qualitative-phenomenological methodology, this research employs observational and interview techniques to collect data. The findings indicate that the incorporation of religious moderation values has a discernible impact on students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills, facilitated by the influential roles played by social networks and inter-organizational collaborations in Sampang Regency. Educational professional communities and organizations, specifically through KKG and MGMP, significantly contribute to fostering tolerance for student diversity within madrasas, thereby promoting harmony among students from diverse ethnic, cultural, religious, and social backgrounds.

As a geological process that wears away soil, rock, or dissolved material, erosion may result in the loss of soil layers that are rich in nutrients for plant growth and reducing soil ability to absorb and store water. High rainfall causes a high level of erosivity which can lead to the increase of erosion intensity. Therefore, in predicting erosion, rain condition needs to be considered the most, especially for the tropics. This study was conducted in Samboja District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to create zoning potential for erosion based on topographic correlation with land cover and support practices factors spatially in a map form. The uniform distribution of soil types allows the integration of the erodibility factor together with the erosivity factor. Several erosion equations suitable for tropical areas were used to estimate the erosion, using the BMKG rainfall data for the last 16 years (2006-2020). The results of the study are maps of erosion potential distribution at minimum, maximum, and average conditions. The change in the distribution of potential erosion from the minimum to the average occurred only at very limited points, and it was almost negligible. A significant change was found under condition of maximum erosion potential. The striking change in the zone of potential erosion under condition of the average to the maximum potential for erosion occurred in the zone from Class III to Class IV, and Class IV to Class V.

The availability of information about soil erosion vulnerability is necessary as a primary consideration to determine the effort of soil conservation, particularly in the coal mining area. This study aimed to estimate the potential risk of soil erosion from land cover variation in a coal mining concession site in South Borneo. Data were taken from 18 stations of soil erosion monitoring which were evenly distributed in each land cover. Soil erosion vulnerability was quantified using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method. The comparison mean of soil erosion among land cover types was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test and followed by the Nemenyi test with a significant level of 5%. Results found that the potential risk of soil erosion was significantly different among land covers (p

Eleutherine bulbosa bulbs, an endemic plant in Indonesia, have enormous potential as raw materials for pharmaceutical products. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen and develop extraction methods that are easy, rapid, and efficient to enrich targeted secondary metabolites. This study aims to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method conditions for polyphenol metabolite from E. bulbosa bulbs. The MAE method (with different conditions) was applied to extract total polyphenol content (TPC) from E. bulbosa bulbs. TPC values were determined using a 96-well microplate reader spectrophotometry method and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The variables of MAE, as an experimental design-independent variable, were involved. The MAE method condition was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behnken design based on the TPC value. The MAE condition was optimized with 60% ethanol, sample–solvent ratio of 1:10 g/mL, and 50% Watts of microwave power for 10 min. The quadratic regression analysis was achieved to predict the TPC value using the equation: TPC value = 28.63–5.545A +2.211B –0.741C +1.995D – 4.045AB +0.856AC –7.541BC +1.961CD –8.342A2–0.071B2 +1.840C2–1.535D2. For the scale-up confirmation test, a 50-g sample was used to prove the validity of the equation to predict the TPC value, yielding 35.33 ± 2.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/g samples. The optimum of the MAE condition recommended based on the results of RSM analysis can be applied directly to the enrichment of polyphenols metabolite constituent of E. bulbosa easily, cheaply, quickly, and efficiently.

Dalam mengevalulasi sejauhmana keberhasilan program Merdeka Belajar bagi calon guru matematika, maka justifikasinya harus dilandaskan pada penelitian berbasis data ilmiah dan empirik. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini memahami bagaimana pengalaman yang mahasiswa dapatkan, setelah penerapan Merdeka Belajar dalam perkuliahan. Metode penelitian kualitatif dipilih karena dapat memberikan deskripsi lengkap bagaimana persepktif yang dikonstruksi oleh mahasiswa. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen dari penelitian MBKM yang sudah disediakan oleh Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yang dielaborasikan dengan perspektif peneliti. Teknik pemilihan subjek menggunakan purposive sampling karena hanya melibatkan mahasiswa yang berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam program MBKM. Analisis data menggunakan mapping ideas yang dibuat berdasarkan transkripsi dan data tulisan google form yang sudah dikumpulkan untuk dijadikan kode-kode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa merasakan dampak positif dalam pembelajaran berbasis MBKM dalam aspek sosial. Pengalaman yang mahasiswa dapatkan selama perkulilahan MBKM dirasakan sangat dibutuhkan khususnya yang magang dalam industri walaupun aspek kognitif yang dirasakan masih sangat jauh dari harapan karena kurangnya keterampilan pengajar di lokasi magang.

Understanding soil characteristics is important to determine the alternative strategies of land management, particularly those related to the scheme of soil and water conservation. This study investigated soil characteristics from four land covers around the coal mining concession area located in South Kalimantan. A soil survey was conducted using a purposive sampling method with three replicates in each land cover. Soil samples that were taken at depths of 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, and 21-30 cm, were composited before being brought to the laboratory to quantify their characteristics, such as texture and organic carbon content. Data analysis was processed using a non-parametric test with a significant level of 5%. Comparison average of soil characteristics between land covers was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test and followed by Nemenyi-test. Results found that soil characteristics from four land covers significantly differed in texture and organic carbon content. The highest sand fraction was noted in shrubs (67.23±0.86%), while the greatest silt fraction was recorded in plantation forests (29.71±2.84%). Compared to other land covers, the clay content in plantation forests and reclamation area was relatively equal by around 53-54%. On another side, The highest soil organic carbon was found in plantation forests with ranging of (4.44±0.14%) followed by natural forests (4.24±0.62%), shrubs (3.38±0.09%), and reclamation area (1.14±0.09%). These findings indicated there were high variations of soil characteristics from different land covers around the coal mining concession area. Therefore, it is recommended for managers to apply adaptive strategies in supporting soil conservation efforts based on the soil characteristics in each site.

Stress can occur due to a person's inability to respond to a stressor, resulting in bodily or mental disorders. Anxiety can be characterized by increased levels of cortisol, which is regulated by the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenaline (HPA-axis). Aromatherapy is a therapy using essential oils that give a distinctive aroma to plant parts such as flowers, roots, leaves, and stems. Aromatherapy can be done through a reed diffuser. The frangipani (Plumeria alba) is one of the plants in Indonesia that has a particular scent in its flowers. This study aims to determine the effect of prolonged exposure to P. alba essential oil reed diffuser on cortisol levels in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: the control group without exposure to a reed diffuser for 5 and 10 days and the other group with exposure for 5 and 10 days. Each blood was drawn through the retro-orbital, centrifuged to obtain serum, and tested using LC-MS to determine cortisol levels. The group with ten days of essential oil exposure showed lower cortisol levels. It can be concluded that the duration of aromatherapy exposure is connected to cortisol levels and that aromatherapy can be utilized as a stress-reduction therapy.

The present study examines the potential activity prediction based on free binding energy (ΔG) and interaction confirmation of phytocompounds from Artocarpus champeden (Lour.) Stokes with macromolecule protein receptor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) using in silico molecular docking studies and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties (ADME-Tox) prediction approaches. The active subsites of the DPP-IV receptor macromolecule protein Protein Data Bank (ID: 1 × 70) were docked using Autodock v4.2.6 (100 docking runs). A grid box of 52 × 28 × 26 Å points spaced by 0.37 Å was centered on the active site of x = 40.926 Å; y = 50.522 Å; z = 35.031 Å. For ADME-Tox prediction, Swiss ADME online-based application programs were used. The results show that 12 pythocompounds from A. champeden have the potential as DPP-IV inhibitors based on ΔG value and interaction conformation. There are five pythocompounds with lower ΔG values and inhibition constants than the native ligand and seven pythocompounds with ΔG values and inhibition constants close to the native ligand. The 12 compounds form an interaction conformation at the active subsites of the DPP-IV receptor. At the same time, the results of the ADME-Tox prediction analysis showed that the 12 compounds had different physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties.

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan siswa dalam mematematisasi masalah. Dalam memahami bagaimana proses itu terjadi dapat dieksplorasi, salah satu cara mengeksplorasi kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dapat menggunakan materi sistem persamaan linear. Materi ini memungkinkan siswa untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan matematika melalui pemecahan masalah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif guna untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada siswa dalam materi persamaan linier ditinjau dari kamampuan matematis. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan materi system persamaan linear yang mengharuskan siswa mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematisnya. Data penelitian divalidasi dengan menggunakan triangulasi waktu dan sumber agar didapatkan data penelitian yang reliabel dan valid. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan indikator pada kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa telah memahami urutan dalam langkah-langkah memecahkan masalah pada persoalan system persamaan linear dua variabel. Perbedaan mendasar dapat dilihat ketika siswa perempuan lebih mendetailkan seluruh informasi yang didapatkan sedangkan siswa laki-laki cenderung menghabiskan waktu untuk membaca masalah tetapi tidak mendetailkan informasi yang didapatkan. Kecenderungan yang berbeda bagaimana siswa perempuan dan laki-laki mengawali proses pemecahan masalah matematika dapat membantu guru untuk tahapan dan langkah apa yang diperlukan dalam mengembangkan kualitas pembelajaran matematika yang lebih berkelanjutan.

Mapping the subsurface in slope stability analysis of disposal areas is difficult, especially the disposal layering materials that are assumed to be homogeneous instead of their real conditions. Moreover, the hoarding activities on high slope form layers based on the nature of the rock mechanics with large materials or boulders rolling down to the toe of the slope, while small ones are held at the top. Each layer formed, however, has certain geotechnical characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine the profiling of disposal material using a geoelectrical method known as Wenner–Schlumberger configuration with a line length of 450 m and also to find the resistivity value for mine waste materials based on an empirical number, which is a number that is obtained from the result reading compared to the actual condition in the field. The study was conducted on an in-pit dump with an estimated height of 150 m and a thickness of 50 m, and the data obtained were processed using RES2DINV software. The results showed that the subsurface cross-section has three layers consisting of bedrock with a resistivity of 50–70 Ωm, contact zone with 30–50 Ωm, and disposal material layer with 1–30 Ωm, which can be used for the slope stability analysis. This concept is very helpful for the geotechnical analysis on high mine waste dumps or sloping basement zone. This study focuses on the resistivity value for waste dump materials, which has not been clearly mentioned in the previous studies.

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) (1) is a major natural ester found in the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. Some of the structural modification of this compound has been carried out in order to study the structure-activity relationship on its anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we report a new, simple and efficient procedure in the conversion of the ethyl p-methoxycinnamate into N,N-dimethyl-p-methoxycinnamamide (5) and then study the structure-activity relationship on its anti-inflammatory activity. The reaction was carried out through a microwave-assisted direct amidation between (EPMC) (1) with dimethylformamide (DMF) in the basic condition. The mixture was irradiated by using unmodified microwave-oven at 300 W for 1 minute to obtain compound (5) in 88.8% yields. The extensive analysis of the GCMS and NMR data supported that the product of synthesis is N,N-dimethyl-p-methoxycinnamamide (5). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 5 by using anti-denaturation of heat bovine serum albumin (BSA) assay indicated that N,N-dimethyl-p-methoxycinnamamide (5) still have anti-denaturation activity. Compound 5 has an amide functional group which is more slowly hydrolyzed if compared to 1. Hence, the reaction has successfully produced a more stable compound which still has anti-inflammatory activity

Bimbingan mental melalui teknik reframing merupakan sebuah metode pemberian bantuan atau pertolomgan yang diberikan seseorang kepada orang lain yang memiliki sebuah masalah batin dengan mengubah pandangan yang negative ke pandangan positif. Dilakukannya bimbingan mental melalui teknik reframing guna untuk mengembalikan kualitas mental narapidana kususnya narapidana menjelang masa bebas tahanan, agar narapidana kembali kejalan yang benar dan tidak mengulangi perbuatannya kembali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Diskriptif Kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa Rumah Tahanan Kelas I Surakarta melakukan bimbingan mental pada Narapidana Menjelang Masa Bebas Tahanan agar kualitas mental narapidana menjelang masa bebas tahanan kembali membaik.

Pendidikan Islam yang kami masksud adalah pelasanaan kegiatan Pendidikan yang dilakukan dalam impelemtasi Pendidikan secara umum yaitu Pendidikan islam secara formal dan non-formal atau Pendidikan islam berbasis masyarakat dengan berbasis program Gerakan Pembangunan Masyarakat Islam yang kemudian diistilahkan dengan (Gerbang Salam) yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Pamekasan, istilah Gerbang Salam ini muncul pertama kali di Kabupaten Pamekasan pada tahun 2010 berdasarkan ghirah masyarakat pamekasan Bersama para tokoh masyarakat dan ulama’ yang mempunyai keingin yang sama yakni menciptakan masyarakat yang bernuasakan keislam, sehingga untuk mewujudkan hal tersbut, maka jargon ini muncul yang kemudian dikawal dan dimotori oleh LP2SI (Lembaga Pengkajian dan Penerapan Syari’at Islam). Pendidikan Islam dalam hal ini bersfungi sebagai penguat program Gerbang Salam yang kemudian masuk kepada semua sector dan lini kehidupan masyarakat Kabupaten Pamekasan baik dalam ranah implementasi Pendidikan formal maupun implementasi Pendidikan nonformal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam hal ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif, adapun informan dalam penelitian ini adalah para tokoh masyarakat, pejabat public yang peneliti anggap mempunyai keterlibatan langsung dalam perumasan program Gerbang Salam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penguatan pendidikan Islam dalam rangka implementasi program Gerbang Salam di kabupaten Pamekasan dilakukan pada beberapa komponen pendidikan seperti: 1) Penguatan pendidikan Islam pada bidang Pendidik, 2) Penguatan pendidikan Islam Peserta didik, 3) Penguatan pendidikan Islam Sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, 4) Penguatan pendidikan Islam Kelembagaan, 5) Penguatan pendidikan Islam Tujuan pendidikan dan 6) Penguatan pendidikan Islam Isi atau kurikulum pendidikan.

Inflammation is a self-protective response to start the healing process. An anti-inflammatory target worth developing are lipoxygenase inhibitors, which have been studied for several diseases, including severe respiratory disease. This research had the goals of estimating the activity of 21 compounds from K. galanga to inhibit the lipoxygenase (LOX) and estimating the bond stability of the ligand-LOX complex. Based on the compound’s affinity for LOX, the compounds in K. galanga were selected by utilizing the PLANTS docking software, with zileuton as the reference ligand. The GROMACS application was used to simulate the molecular dynamics of the LOX-ligand complex at 310 K. Based on the chemPLP score, most of the 21 K. galanga compounds showed a higher affinity towards 5-LOX compared to zileuton. δ-3-carene had the best affinity for 5-LOX. In the simulation of molecular dynamics until 20 ns, the RMSD of δ-3-carene and 5-LOX was not more than 0.03 nm or 0.3 Å, indicating that the whole system showed decent stability and had ‑1.67392 x 106 kcal/mol as the average potential energy. The results showed that K. galanga contains active components of 5-LOX inhibitors that could be developed.

Background: Inflammatory mediators produced by cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways are responsible for many human diseases, such as cancer, arthritis, and neurological disorders. Flavonoid-containing plants, such as Ipomoea batatas leaves, have shown potential anti-inflammatory activity. Objectives: This study aimed to predict the actions of 10 compounds in I. batatas leaves, which are YGM–0a [cyanidin 3–0–sophoroside–5–0–glucosede], YGM–0f [cyanidin 3–O–(2–0–(6–0–(E)–p–coumaroyl–β–D–glucopyranosyl)–β–D–glucopyranoside)–5–0–β–D–glucopyranoside], YGM–1a [cyanidin 3–(6,6′–caffeylp–hydroxybenzoylsophoroside) –5–glucoside], YGM–1b [cyanidin 3–(6,6′–dicaffeylsophor-oside)–5–glucoside], YGM–2 [cyanidin 3–(6–caffeylsophoroside)–5–glucoside], YGM–3 [cyanidin 3–(6,6′–caffeyl-ferulylsophoroside)–5–glucoside], YGM–4b [peonidin 3–(6,6′–dicaffeylsophoroside)–5– glucoside], YGM–5a [peonidin 3–(6,6′–caffeylphydroxybenzo-ylsophoroside)–5–gluco-side], YGM–5b [cyanidin 3–6–caffeylsophoroside)–5–glucosede], and YGM–6 [peonidin 3–(6,6′–caffeylferulylsophoroside)–5–glucoside] as LOX inhibitors, and also predict the stability of ligand–LOX complex. Materials and Methods: The compounds were screened through docking studies using PLANTS. Also, the molecular dynamics simulation was conducted using GROMACS at 310K. Results: The results showed that the most significant binding affinity toward LOX was shown by YGM–0a and YGM–0a, and the LOX complex in molecular dynamics simulation showed stability for 20 ns. Conclusion: Based on Docking Studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of I. Batatas Leaves compounds, YGM-0a was shown to be the most probable LOX inhibitor.

This study investigates the relationship between clay minerals (kaolinite and illite) and rock properties of the claystone, including both mechanical (cohesion, friction angle, stress, and strain) and physical properties (natural water content, void ratio, and wet density), belonging to Warukin Formation of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Mineralogical characteristics of these rocks were studied using petrological and X-ray diffraction techniques, whereas the mechanical and physical properties were tested by conducting uniaxial and triaxial tests. Relationship among the variables was determined using correlation coefficients. It was observed that the mineralogy of the rocks pose strong constraints on their engineering properties. The results showed that an increase in illite content decreases cohesion, friction angle, strength, and safety factor; and increases natural moisture content, void ratio, and wet density. Although illite content of these rocks was just about 10.8% of the total minerals, it has significantly contributed to the modification of physical and mechanical properties. In contrast, kaolinite did not have a significant impact; since the correlation between various parameters was significantly low (correlation coefficient was much less,

The rhizome of Kaempferia galanga has been known to contain ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) (1) as a main component, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Previously we have reported the structural modification of EPMC (1) to form another ester, nitrostyrene, and cinnammamide derivatives and then studied their structure-activity relationships as anti-inflammatory agent. In continuing our research, in this paper, we report the microwave-assisted Claisen-Schmidt condensation of EPMC (1) to synthesize a series of p-methoxystyryl ketones followed by a study of their anti-inflammatory activity. The reaction begins with microwave-assisted cleavage oxidation of hydrolyzed product of EPMC, p-methoxycinnamic acid (2) with Ca(NO3)2 for the synthesis of p-methoxybenzaldehyde (3). Furthermore, 3 was reacted with acetophenone, ethyl methyl ketone and acetone via microwave-assisted Claisen-Schmidt condensation for the synthesis of (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (5a) (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pent-1-en-3-one (5b) and (E)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one (5c), respectively. The reaction products were characterized using spectroscopic techniques and were then tested for anti-inflammatory activity using in vitro anti-denaturation of protein assay. It was found that converting EPMC (1) to 5a and 5b reduced anti-inflammatory activity, while 5c retained anti-denaturation activity with an IC50 of 72.8 µg/ml.

The 1-phenyl-1-(quinazolin-4-yl) ethanol compounds are alkaloids of quinozoline class found in many Hydrangeaceae families. A survey revealed that most of the identified quinazolin derivatives have anticancer activity. Toxicity prediction of 1-phenyl-1-(quinazolin-4-yl) ethanols were performed to obtain the best three compounds with high activity and the lowest toxicity. Toxicity prediction was conducted using Toxtree, pkCSM and PreADMET. 2D structure of compounds were formed using ChemDraw. The decision tree approach was used in Toxtree application with endpoints including Cramer rules, Kroes TTC, carcinogenicity (genotoxic and non genotoxic) and in vitro mutagenicity. Graph based signature was used in pkCSM application with endpoints including mutagenicity, maximum daily dose, LD50 and hepatotoxicity. In PreADMET application, a method based on drugs similarity and ADMET properties was used with endpoints including mutagenicity, carcinogenicity to rat and mice. The results of data analysis showed that the best three anticancer compounds that have high activity and the lowest toxicity are compounds 14, 16 and 19.

6-Mercaptopurine is a chemotherapeutic agent of the antimetabolite class. This study aims to analyze simultaneous validation of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP), and 6-thioguanosine-5’-monophosphate (6-TGMP) in dried blood spot (DBS) using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). An accurate volume of 60 μL blood was spotted onto DBS-CAMAG paper and then extracted using methanol 90% (v/v) containing an internal standard of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Separation was performed using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH AMIDA column 1.7 μm (2.1 x 100 mm) with a mobile phase mixture of 0.2% (v/v) formic acid in water−0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile-methanol with gradient elution and flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass detection was done using Waters Xevo TQD with positive electrospray ionization (ESI) for 6-MP, 6-MMP, 6-TGMP and negative ESI for 5-FU, in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Detection rates of 6-MP, 6-MMP, 6-TGMP and 5-FU were m/z 153.09 > 119.09; 167.17 > 126.03; 380.16 > 168.00); 129.09 > 42.05, respectively. This method is linear across the range 25.5–1020 ng/mL for 6-MP, 6-MMP and 6-TGMP. This method is valid for the in vitro simultaneous analysis of 6-MP, 6-MMP and 6-TGMP in DBS, based on European Medicine Agency guidelines.

Gelatin merupakan suatu polipeptida yang diperoleh dengan cara hidrolisis parsial kolagen yang berasal dari kulit dan tulang hewan vertebrata, terutama sapi dan babi. Gelatin berfungsi sebagai agen pembentuk gel sehingga gelatin merupakan komponen penting untuk pembuatan gummy vitamin C. Gelatin yang bersumber dari babi haram dikonsumsi. Karena itu perlu dilakukan diferensiasi gelatin sapi dan gelatin babi pada gummy vitamin C menggunakan metode kombinasi FTIR dan PCA. Ekstraksi gelatin dari gummy vitamin C dilakukan menggunakan aseton pada suhu -20 oC, lalu gelatin dianalisis menggunakan FTIR pada bilangan gelombang 4000-750 cm-1. Spektrum gelatin sapi dan babi yang diektraksi dari gummy vitamin C yang dibuat di laboratorium (eksperimen) memiliki serapan yang hampir sama sehingga tidak dapat membedakan gelatin sapi dan gelatin babi. Karena itu spectrum dianalisis dengan mengunakan PCA. Hasil PCA dalam bentuk score plot menunjukkan bahwa gelatin sapi dan gelatin babi yang diekstraksi dari gummy vitamin C eksperimen berada pada kuadran yang berbeda. Metode kombinasi FTIR dan PCA dapat membedakan gelatin sapi dan gelatin babi yang diekstraksi dari gummy vitamin C. Pada uji coba sampel gummy vitamin C yang diambil di pasaran (komersial), diduga bahwa gummy vitamin C komersial mengandung gelatin yang bersumber dari sapi. Gelatin is a polypeptide obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen derived from skin and bones of animals from bovine and porcine. It is an important component for the manufacture of vitamin C gummy that serves as a gelling agent. Gelatin derived from porcine is haram for Moslems. This study was conducted to differentiate bovine gelatin and porcine gelatin in vitamin C gummy by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) combined with PCA. Gelatin was extracted from vitamin C gummy using acetone at -20 oC and analyzed at wave number 4000-750 cm-1. Bovine gelatin extracted from vitamin C gummy exhibited spectra very similar to those for porcine gelatin extracted from vitamin C gummy. Therefore, spectra was analyzed by PCA. Results from PCA, which were subsequently represented by the score plot showed a clear distinction between bovine and porcine extracted from vitamin C gummy eksperiment. PCA-combined FTIR could differentiate of them. Commercial vitamin C gummy bought Ciputat market was predicted contain bovine gelatin.

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) (1) is found as a major natural ester in the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga (kencur) and has been known to have various pharmacological activities. The previous study has reported the synthesis of N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-methoxycinnamamide (2) by using microwave-assisted direct amidation of EPMC (1) with diethanolamine. In this research, we attempt to synthesize of 2 by using a conventional direct amidation of EPMC (1) with diethanolamine. The reaction was conducted without adding any coupling reagents or catalyst. Structure of the synthetic product was determined by using analysis of GC-MS, IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopic data and then compared to the previously reported. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v4i1.7300

Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) (1) has been isolated as a major compound from the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga together with the other compound ethyl cinnamate (2). As reported in the literature, EPMC (1) exhibited a significant in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1 and 2 by using anti-denaturation of heat bovine serum albumin (BSA) method. In order to analyze active sites that are responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity, therefore, it is necessary to conduct structural modification of EPMC (1). The structural modification was performed through re-esterification reaction by using conventional and assistance of the unmodified microwave oven. Evaluation of the results of the bioassay indicated that the ester and methoxy functional groups of EPMC (1) play an important role for the anti-inflammatory activity.

Peralatan depot pengisian air galon dengan menggunakan sistem pengisian manual mengharuskan untuk selalu siap membuka atau menutup keran pengisian dan menuliskan jumlah dari setiap pengisian galon yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merealisasikan sistem pengisian air galon otomatis menggunakan mikrokontroler ATMega32 sebagai pengendali utama, menyimpan data log perhitungan jumlah galon yang telah terisi air dan volume air pada kartu memorimicro secure digital (microsd). Pendeteksian jenis galon menggunakan 2 buah sensor infra merah yang mengacu pada ketinggian galon dan volume air dihitung menggunakan sensor aliran air. EEPROM digunakan untuk menyimpan data sementara pengisian air ketika terjadi padam listrik sehingga proses pengisian yang terhenti dapat berlanjut setelah sistem aktif kembali. Data log tersimpan pada kartu memori setiap kali proses pengisian air galon selesai dengan data waktu dan tanggal yang diinformasikan oleh pewaktu DS1307. Pengujian dilakukan pada catu daya, pendeteksi galon, pengisian volume air, dan penyimpanan data. Arus yang terukur dari adaptor 0,14A, sensor infra merah dapat mendeteksi pada jarak + 35 cm, sensor aliran air sebagai pengukur volume pada galon 5 liter dan pada galon 19 liter dan data dapat tersimpan pada kartu memori. Hasil pengujian menyimpulkan alat yang dibuat dapat berfungsi sesuai perancangan, menyerap daya sebesar 1,68 watt dan data pengisian maksimum 21.474.836 pada kapasitas kartu memori 1GB. Kata kunci—pengisian air otomatis, data logger, mikrokontroler atmega32, sensor infra merah E18-D80NK-N, sensor aliran air YF-5201, memori micro sd

Tujuan kegiatan IbM ini adalah untuk memberikan pendidikan kecakapan vokasional kepada warga Bumirejo berupa perintisan sentra industri kuliner. Metode yang digunakan dalam melakukan pemberdayaan warga miskin sesuai dengan sasaran adalah brainstorming entrepreneurship, praktek pembuatan produk, dan pelatihan pemasaran online. IbM Entrepreneurship pada Kelurahan Bumirejo Kecamatan Karangawen adalah terbentuknya rintisan industri kuliner di lingkungan Kelurahan Bumirejo yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya industri pengolahan jagung Kelompok PKK RT 3/IV, dan Kelompok PKK RT 4/IV Keluarahan Bumirejo. Jagung tersebut diolah menjadi emping jagung dan keripik jagung yang dikemas menjadi dalam plastik sehingga tahan lama dan tetap renyah. Pemasaran yang dilaksanakan secara modern dalam bentuk online memberikan alternatif baru bagi masyarakat kelurahan Bumirejo untuk dapat memasarkan produk mereka secara luas. Rintisan industri kuliner berbahan dasar jagung menjadi salah satu alternatif produk yang bisa dijadikan produk unggulan yang sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan yang mempunya bahan dasar jagung yang melimpah. Kata kunci: Entrepreneurship, Jagung, Pemasaran Murah, Online.

This study was focused on principles and fouling analysis of konjac glucomannan (KGM) separation using ultrafiltration system. Two Polyethersulfone membranes (PES) having molecular weight cut-off of 10 and 20 kDa were used. It was found that membrane having larger pore size provided higher flux profiles. Evaluation of different transmembrane pressures resulted on possibility of more severe fouling at higher membrane pressure. With the increase of konjac glucomannan concentration, decrease of profile flux was observed. Further, a simple mathematical modelling of fouling mechanism was analyzed based on Hermia’s model. The images of membrane surfaces and cross-sections obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were examined and being compared with the model. The research found that the fouling mechanisms of KGM ultrafiltration using membrane with pore size of 10 kDa was complete blocking. On the contrary, cake/gel layer formation was a fouling mechanism for ultrafiltration system with pore size of 20kDa.

This Research is conducted in Pontianak state Polytechnic using test-drive method based on literature. The step are scheme/ turbine design, making and repairing in order to get a better pelton turbine. The main objective of this research is to provide facility for energy conversion and fluid mechanism practice which is limited in Mechanical Engineering Department so that it is hoped that it will contribute positive effects on students ability in that field. The construction and specification of pelton turbine model resulted of this research as follows; ( 1) Type Pump: Jet propulsion Pump, with the energy input 500 Watt, head pump 55 m, and debit 30 L / minute. ( 2) Generator energy 500 VA and Rpm 1500 rpm, 50 Hz. ( 3) Runner specification: The sum of buckets / sudu is 8 ( single and double), runner diameter 17 cm, out side diameter 44 cm, the width of bucket 6 cm, the length is 14 cm, and pitch pelton wheel diameter is 30 cm. ( 4) Nozzle diameter is 20 mm. The result of research on this pelton turbine model shows of water kinetic energy into electrical energy resulted by pelton turbine, and the bucket type design as well as the sum influence the rpm and voltage gained.

The patterns of young people behavior that is so far from expectations such as an increase in juvenile delinquency leads many people allege that religious education which is taught in schools or Islamic schools are not able to be a shield for the future nation generation. Therefore reconstruction of Islamic education in the current context and redefinition perspective of Islamic education (PAI) is indispensable. So finally it gives the sense of PAI as a whole and not partial and cause differences and inequality. Some concept maps in applying of PAI in the current context are as follows: 1). integrated cooperation between family and school in the implementation educational tasks. 2. The character education in religious education.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI TERTULIS MATEMATIS MELALUI STRATEGI THINK-TALK-WRITE Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi tertulis matematis siswa pada materi geometri. Indikator dari kemampuan komunikasi tertulis matematis adalah written text, drawing, dan mathematic expression. Strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu strategi Think-Talk-Write (TTW). Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII A, VIII D, dan IX G SMP Negeri 8 Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pretest-posttest control group design. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi dan tes tertulis. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah soal tes tertulis, penskoran tes tertulis dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase ketuntasan siswa pada kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan strategi TTW telah mencapai 83%, dengan nilai n-gain kelas eksperimen meningkat lebih besar dibanding di kelas kontrol. Hasil tersebut diperkuat dengan rata-rata perolehan skor kemampuan komunikasi tertulis matematis siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa strategi pembelajaran TTW mampu meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi tertulis matematis. Kata kunci: komunikasi tertulis, komunikasi matematis, Think-Talk-Write (TTW) Abstract This study was aimed at determining the improvement of students’ written mathematical communication skills on geometry material. The indicators of written mathematical abilitiesarewritten texts, drawing, and mathematic expressions. The learning process used theThink-Talk-Write (TTW) strategy. The sample of the study includedthe students of class VIII A, VIII D, and IX G of SMP Negeri 8 Semarang of the Academic Year 2016/2017. Thestudy useda pretest-posttest control group design. The data were collected using observation and a written test. The research instruments were a written test, written-test scores, and questionnaires. The results show that the percentage of students’ completeness in the experimental class using the TTW strategy reaches 83%, with the n-gain of the experimental class higher than that in the control class. The results are reinforced by the score average of students’ written communication skills which is higher than the control class. The TTW learning strategy is able to improve the ability of mathematical written communication. Keywords: written communication, mathematical communication, Think-Talk-Write (TTW)

AbstrakPeneltian ini dilakukan untuk merancang desain pembelajaran Kalkulus berbasis E-learning untuk menumbuhkan kreativitas dan karakter mahasiswa pada Prodi Pendidikan Matematika. Desain pembelajaran yang dibagi dalam beberapa tahap yakni: Perencanaan perangkat dan sarana yang akan digunakan pada saat pembelajaran, Pembuatan perangkat pembelajaran, Pembuatan media pembelajaran e-learning, Validasi perangkat dan media pebelajaran dan e-learning oleh para ahli, Revisi hasil validasi oleh para ahli, Pengujian terbatas desain pembelajaran, Evaluasi dan analisis hasil pengujian, Evaluasi. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain pembelajaran dirancang berbentuk RPP, LKM dan Media E-learning dapat digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran dengan sedikit perbaikan. Hasil ujicoba terbatas menunjukan pula bahwa perangkat yang dibuat menumbuhkembangkan kreativitas mahasiswa, yang pada ujungnya adalah terbentuknya karakter mahasiswa. Kata kunci: pembelajaran; karakter; kreatif; elearning AbstractThe research was designing e-learning on Calculus to increase the creativity and student character in Mathematics Education Study Pogram. The learning design was divided into steps, that was: designing lesson plan and tool which would be used on learning, making lesson plan, making e-learning media, validating the lesson plan, learning kit, and elarning by experts, revising the result of validation process, limited testing of instructional design, evaluation and the result analysis. The research result show that the learning design those are RPP, LKM, and elearning kit could be used with a little implrovement. Limited test result also indicated that the instrument that was made could developed the creativity of student, and buid the student character. Keywords: learning, character; creative; elearning

KOMPUTASI GURU-GURU SD MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KECAMATAN MLONGGO KABUPATEN JEPARA

Biosampling of dried blood spot method became lately very interested in bioanalysis, some of the advantages given in this method compared to conventional venous canulla (venipuncture); less invasive making it more pleasant for the patient or subject, requires small volume, requires simple transportation process and storage did not need special equipment, suod stabilizes analit and reduces risk of infection. The method of dried blood spot is done by invasive light on the finger or heel prick and then spike on filter paper and dried at room temperature or under nitrogen flow with controlled humidity and stored in bag with desiccant packages, than it analyzed using validation bioanalyzing method. Dried blood spot method can be applied on bioanalysis test for pharmacokinetic, toksikokinetic , epidemiologic and Teurapeutic drug monitoring.

This research aimed to quantitatively bioanalyze 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP), and 6-thioguanosine-5′-monophosphate (6-TGMP) in dried blood spots (DBS) prepared from a small volume of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Analytes on the DBS card were extracted using 90% methanol with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as an internal standard. Analytical separation was performed on a Waters Acquity® UPLC BEH AMIDA column of 1.7 μm (2.1 × 100 mm) with a mobile phase mixture of 0.2% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile-methanol, with gradient elution and a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass detection of 6-MP, 6-MMP, 6-TGMP, and 5-FU showed m/z values of 153.09 > 119.09, 167.17 > 126.03, 380.16 > 168.00, and 129.09 > 42.05, respectively. This DBS method had a run time of 5 min and yielded a linear calibration curve over a range of 25.5–1020 ng/mL for 6-MP, 6-MMP, and 6-TGMP. Analyte analysis in 22 of 24 ALL patients showed that the measured value of 6-TGMP as an active metabolite was in the range of 29–429 pmol/8 × 108 erythrocytes. Five of 22 patients had concentrations in a therapeutic range, which indicates that the treatment is effective, while 17 of 24 patients had concentrations below the therapeutic range, which indicates that a treatment dose adjustment is needed. The measured value of 6-MMP, an inactive metabolite, was in the range of 28–499 pmol/8 × 108 erythrocytes, which includes concentrations below the hepatotoxic range. The method employed here can thus be effectively utilized to support therapeutic drug monitoring.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan e-learning menggunakan moodle untuk pembelajaran . Pengembangan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain dan perangkat e-learning. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan penyusunan desain e-learning dengan tahapan sebagai berikut: (1) tahap pendefinisian dengan mencermati perangkat pembelajaran matematika, (2) tahap pengembangan melalui pengujian validitas perangkat berdasarkan keterangan ahli. Kata Kunci : Moodle, e-learning, pembelajaran matematika.

Mathematical representation is an important skill in mathematics learning that enables students to interpret and solve problems with ease. However, building confidence in such a skill can be difficult for some students, especially for those who lack self-motivation skills. Therefore, this study examines the effects of the think-talk-write strategy and the expository strategy on students' abilities in mathematical representation in order to understand the relationship between mathematical representation and self-efficacy. In this study, a Quasi-Experiment design comprising the experiment group and the control group was applied. Learning process by Think-talk-write (TTW) strategy was implemented in the experiment group only. On the other hand, the learning process in the control group was accomplished without the TTW strategy. The sample in this study comprised students of the eighth grade studying geometry and spatial relations at a public junior high school. For the purpose of this study, two groups were created: 1) an experimental group, in which the think-talk-write strategy was employed, and 2) a control group, in which the expository approach was applied. In addition, mathematical representation ability and self-efficacy scale tests were used as the instruments of this quasi-experimental study.