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Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) is a common perennial succulent climber plant belonging to the Vitaceae family. The plant has a strong pharmacological profile with a variety of phytoconstituents and is geographically distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is prominently found in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The plant is found all over India, but its presence is dominantly observed in states such as Assam, Kerala, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. The plant in India is popularly called ‘Hadjod’ or ‘Asthisamharaka’ and is very well established as a medicine related to the management of bone, muscles, and ligament issues. Traditionally, almost all aerial and underground parts have medicinal value, but the stem is most commonly used. Phytochemicals studies performed on the plant revealed the presence of a variety of constituents, viz., tannins, proteins, carbohydrates, phenol flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, glycosides, saponins, vitamin C, and alkaloids. In addition, these plants are also a rich source of calcium. The systematic review also established the pharmacological role of the plant as a bone setter and fractured bone healer; its antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-oxidant effects; bone turnover; cardiovascular and hepatoprotective properties; and many more. The current review article carried out a detailed discussion of its phytochemical and pharmacological potential.

In the current research work, the title compounds 5-ethoxy-benzimidazole, were synthesized by nitration of phenacetin with concentrated nitric acid it gives N-(2-nitro-5-ethoxyphenyl) acetamide (I), which on reduction with alcohol gives 5-ethoxy-2-nitroaniline (II). Reaction of hydrazine hydrate with 5-ethoxy-2-nitroaniline produced 5-ethoxy ortho phenylene diamine (III). The substituted acids reacted with 5-ethoxy ortho phenylene diamine then yielded the corresponding 5-ethoxy-benzimidazole (IV). The identification and characterization of the synthesized compounds were carried out by Elemental analysis, melting point, Thin Layer Chromatography, FT-IR, NMR and Mass data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-tubercular activity. The test compounds were subjected to in vitro screening by the tube dilution technique employing the human virulent H37RV strain of M. tuberculosis. The test compounds IVa, IVc and IVd showed significant anti-tubercular activity against H37RV strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were found in the range of 0.8 to 12.5 μg/mL compared with the standard drugs Isoniazid.