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1. New perspective: Symbiotic pattern and assembly mechanism of Cantharellus cibarius-associated bacteria

Author

Wei Ge, Yulian Ren, Chunbo Dong, Qiuyu Shao, Yanmin Bai, Zhaoying He, Ting Yao, Yanwei Zhang, Guosheng Zhu, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, and Yanfeng Han

Subjects
Cantharellus cibarius, mycosphere, diversity, community assembly, microbial interaction, volatile organic compounds, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Cantharellus cibarius, an ectomycorrhizal fungus belonging to the Basidiomycetes, has significant medicinal and edible value, economic importance, and ecological benefits. However, C. cibarius remains incapable of artificial cultivation, which is thought to be due to the presence of bacteria. Therefore, much research has focused on the relationship between C. cibarius and bacteria, but rare bacteria are frequently overlooked, and symbiotic pattern and assembly mechanism of the bacterial community associated with C. cibarius remain unknown. In this study, the assembly mechanism and driving factors of both abundant and rare bacterial communities of C. cibarius were revealed by the null model. The symbiotic pattern of the bacterial community was examined using a co-occurrence network. Metabolic functions and phenotypes of the abundant and rare bacteria were compared using METAGENassist2, and the impacts of abiotic variables on the diversity of abundant and rare bacteria were examined using partial least squares path modeling. In the fruiting body and mycosphere of C. cibarius, there was a higher proportion of specialist bacteria compared with generalist bacteria. Dispersal limitation dominated the assembly of abundant and rare bacterial communities in the fruiting body and mycosphere. However, pH, 1-octen-3-ol, and total phosphorus of the fruiting body were the main driving factors of bacterial community assembly in the fruiting body, while available nitrogen and total phosphorus of the soil affected the assembly process of the bacterial community in the mycosphere. Furthermore, bacterial co-occurrence patterns in the mycosphere may be more complex compared with those in the fruiting body. Unlike the specific potential functions of abundant bacteria, rare bacteria may provide supplementary or unique metabolic pathways (such as sulfite oxidizer and sulfur reducer) to enhance the ecological function of C. cibarius. Notably, while volatile organic compounds can reduce mycosphere bacterial diversity, they can increase fruiting body bacterial diversity. Findings from this study further, our understanding of C. cibarius-associated microbial ecology.

Published
2023
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2. Characterization of an Endophytic Strain Talaromyces assiutensis, CPEF04 With Evaluation of Production Medium for Extracellular Red Pigments Having Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties

Author

Rahul Chandra Mishra, Rishu Kalra, Rahul Dilawari, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Colin J. Barrow, and Mayurika Goel

Subjects
pigments, endophyte, polyketide, azaphilone, fungal, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Considering the worldwide demand for colorants of natural origin, the utilization of ascomycete fungi as a prolific pigment producer unfolds a novel way to obtain these pigments for various applications, including food, cosmetic, and medical use. The presence of very few natural red pigment alternatives in the market also attracts research and industry priorities to unearth novel and sustainable red pigment producers. The present work is an attempt to identify a novel source of red color obtained from endophytic fungi isolated from terrestrial and marine habitats. Based upon the fungal capacity for pigment production, seven isolates of endophytic fungi were recognized as prospective pigment producers. Out of all, fungal isolate CPE04 was selected based upon its capacity to produce profuse extracellular red pigment. The isolate was identified as Talaromyces assiutensis, employing morphological features and phylogenetic characterization by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. To understand the chemical behavior of pigment molecules, an investigation of the chemical profile of fungal culture filtrate dried powder (CFDP) was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry (UPLC–DAD–MS). In total, eight compounds having pigment and pharmaceutical application were tentatively identified using UPLC–DAD–MS. Considering the commercial aspect of the stated work, an effort was also made for standardizing the upscaling of the pigment molecule. Investigations were performed for optimum medium and culturing conditions for maximum pigment production. CFDP was found to have a significant antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC737), Vibrio cholerae (N16961), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (ATCC BAA811). The CFDP showed a minimum inhibitory concentration at 64, 128, and 256 μg/ml against S. aureus, MRSA, and V. cholerae. A concentration-dependent (50–400 μg/ml) anticancer effect on HeLa cancer line was also observed, having a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 300 μg/ml. The antioxidant potential of CFDP has also been proven with the help of an antioxidant assay against 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical (IC50, 32.01 μg/ml); DNA nicking assay and reactive oxygen species were generated in HeLa cancer line cells. The CFDP was also found to have no cytotoxicity toward HEK 293 T cell line using alamar blue (resazurin), a cell metabolic activity reagent.

Published
2021
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3. Microbial Pigments in the Food Industry—Challenges and the Way Forward

Author

Tanuka Sen, Colin J. Barrow, and Sunil Kumar Deshmukh

Subjects
microbial pigments, natural colorants, Monascus pigments, metabolic engineering, microencapsulation, food color, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Developing new colors for the food industry is challenging, as colorants need to be compatible with a food flavors, safety, and nutritional value, and which ultimately have a minimal impact on the price of the product. In addition, food colorants should preferably be natural rather than synthetic compounds. Micro-organisms already produce industrially useful natural colorants such as carotenoids and anthocyanins. Microbial food colorants can be produced at scale at relatively low costs. This review highlights the significance of color in the food industry, why there is a need to shift to natural food colors compared to synthetic ones and how using microbial pigments as food colorants, instead of colors from other natural sources, is a preferable option. We also summarize the microbial derived food colorants currently used and discuss their classification based on their chemical structure. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced by the use and development of food grade microbial pigments and how to deal with these challenges, using advanced techniques including metabolic engineering and nanotechnology.

Published
2019
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4. The Pharmacological Potential of Nonribosomal Peptides from Marine Sponge and Tunicates

Author

Shivankar Agrawal, Alok Adholeya, and Sunil Kumar Deshmukh

Subjects
Pharmacology, Marine Natural Products, sponge, Marine ecosystem, tunicates, Non-ribosomal peptides, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Marine biodiversity is recognized by a wide and unique array of fascinating structures. The complex associations of marine microorganisms, especially with sponges, bryozoans, and tunicates, make it extremely difficult to define the biosynthetic source of marine natural products or to deduce their ecological significance. Marine sponges and tunicates are important source of novel compounds for drug discovery and development. Majority of these compounds are nitrogen containing and belong to non-ribosomal peptide (NRPs) or mixed polyketide–NRP natural products. Several of these peptides are currently under trial for developing new drugs against various disease areas, including inflammatory, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious disease. This review features pharmacologically active NRPs from marine sponge and tunicates based on their biological activities.

Published
2016
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5. Endophytic Fungi: A Reservoir of Antibacterials

Author

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Shilpa eVerekar, and Sarita Vinay Bhave

Subjects
Drug Resistance, medicinal plants, Natural Products, endophytic fungi, Antibacterial compounds, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Multidrug drug resistant bacteria are becoming increasingly problematic particularly in the undeveloped countries of the world. The most important microorganisms that have seen a geometric rise in are Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium, Penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumonia and multiple drug resistant tubercule bacteria to name a just few. New drug scaffolds are essential to tackle this every increasing problem. These scaffolds can be sourced from nature itself. Endophytic fungi are an important reservoir of therapeutically active compounds. This review attempts to present some data relavent to the problem. New, very specific and effective antibiotics are needed but also at the affordable price!!!. Herculean task for researcher all over the world. In the Asian subcontinent indigenous therapeutics that has been practiced over the centuries such as Ayurveda that has been effective as ‘handed down data’ in family generations. May need a second, third and more in-depth investigations?

Published
2015
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6. Prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in public park soils of Mumbai, India

Author

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh and Shilpa Amit Verekar

Subjects
India, keratinophilic fungi, public park, soil fungi, Mumbai, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The parks of Mumbai are frequently visited by local residents every morning and evening. However, there are no reports on the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in these areas. The purpose of this research was to study the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in the public parks of Mumbai. One hundred soil samples were collected from five public parks: Kamla Nehru Park, Powai Garden, CD Deshmukh Garden, Five Gardens and Chota Kashmir. Keratinophilic fungi were isolated by the hair baiting technique using human hair as keratin bait. The cultures were identified using macroand micro-morphological features. Identification was also confirmed by the BLAST search of sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region against the NCBI/Genbank data and compared with deposited sequences. The ability of these fungi to use human hair was also evaluated by release of protein in liquid media. A total of 75 strains of keratinophilic fungi were recovered from 100 (75.0%) soil samples. The isolated fungi were composed of eleven species of eight genera: Arthrographis kalrae, Auxarthron conjugatum, Chrysosporium indicum, C. queenslandicum, C. zonatum, Gymnascella dankaliensis, G. hyalinospora, Microsporum gypseum (15.0%), Myriodontium keratinophilum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Uncinocarpus reesii. These fungi can release 148.8-307.6 μg/mL protein in liquid media when grown on human hair in shake flask culture and also decompose 16.2-38.6% of human hair after four weeks of incubation. Our study indicates that keratinophilic fungi are to be found in the soils of various public parks in Mumbai and that human hair can be a source of pathogenic fungi.

Published
2012
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7. Prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in usar soils of Uttar Pradesh, India

Author

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh and Shilpa Amit Verekar

Subjects
usar soil, pH, keratinophilic fungi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Alkaline soils commonly called as Usar soil having pH 7.5 to 11.0 is commonly found in regions having poor drainage and little percolation. These soils occupy vast tracts of barren lands in the northern parts of India. These areas are frequently visited by man and animals, however there are no reports on the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi from the Usar soils. The purpose of this research was to study the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in the alkaline Usar soil. To investigate the occurrence of soil keratinophilic fungi from Usar soil, 120 samples were collected from five districts of Uttar Pradesh viz. Lucknow, Bareilly, Azamgarh, Balia and Pratapgarh. Keratinophilic fungi were isolated by the hair baiting techniques using human hair as keratin bait. The cultures were identified using macro- and micro morphological features. Eighty-tow strains of keratinophilic fungi were recovered from 120 (68.33%) soil samples. The isolated fungi were composed of ten species of five genera viz. Chrysosporium indicum (19.16%), Microsporum gypseum (12.5%), Chrysosporium tropicum (10.0%), Chrysosporium pannicola (7.5%), Trichophyton terrestre (5.83%), Chrysosporium lucknowense (4.16%), Chrysosporium state of Ctenomyces serratus (3.33%), Gymnascella dankailensis (3.33%), Gymnoascus reessii (1.66 %) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (1.66 %). The presence of keratinophilic fungi in the Usar soils of Uttar Pradesh, India indicates that these fungi do occur at higher alkalinity.

Published
2011
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8. Fungal Metabolites: A Potential Source of Antidiabetic Agents with Particular Reference to PTP1B Inhibitors

Author

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Shivankar Agrawal, and Manish K. Gupta

Subjects
Pharmaceutical Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Abstract: Diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide because it affects people of all age groups and increases the risk of other diseases such as renal impairment and neural and cardiovascular disorders. Oral hypoglycemic drugs mainly control diabetes; however, their associated side effects limit their use in patients with other complications. PTP1B is a viable drug target to explore new antidiabetic drugs. PTP1B acts as a negative regulator of the insulin-signaling pathway, and therefore, PTP1B inhibitors display antihyperglycemic activity. Several classes of compounds from natural and synthetic sources act as PTP1B inhibitors. Fungi are comprehensive in their diversity and recognized as a valuable source for therapeutically active molecules. In recent years, researchers have reported diverse classes of fungal secondary metabolites as potent PTP1B inhibitors. Some metabolites such as 6-O-methylalaternin, fumosorinone A, nordivaricatic acid, and the divarinyl divarate showed good activity and can be taken forward as a lead to develop novel PTP1B inhibitors and antidiabetic drugs. Therefore, the present review focuses on the fungal metabolites identified in the last five years possessing PTP1B inhibitory activity. A total of 128 metabolites are reviewed. Their fungal species and source, chemical structure, and activity in terms of IC50 are highlighted.

Published
2023

9. Antidiabetic Agents from Fungi with Special Reference to α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Author

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Manish Kumar Gupta, and Shivankar Agrawal

Subjects
Bioengineering, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biotechnology
Abstract

The enzyme α-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20) catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-1,4-glucopyranoside bond in oligosaccharides and disaccharides and thus plays an essential role in regulating glucose content and the level of postprandial hyperglycemia. The inhibition of α-glucosidases is considered a viable strategy to develop new and effective antidiabetic drugs. Many patents like ZA201905405B; US9073897B2 have been published on α-glucosidase inhibitors. In recent years, several classes of fungal-metabolites possessing a varying degree of α-glucosidases inhibitory activity have been reported. The primary chemical classes include xanthone, phenanthrene, terpenoid, coumarin, isocoumarin, naphthalene, piperazine, and polyketides. Few of the identified inhibitors exhibited severalfold better activities than well-known α-glucosidases inhibitor acarbose and can be used as a lead to develop new antidiabetic drugs. The present review highlights the recent development in the identification of α-glucosidases inhibitors from various fungal sources. Their chemical class, structures, and inhibitory activity in terms of IC50 or MIC are discussed here.

Published
2023

11. Fungal metabolites: A potential source of antidiabetic agents with particular reference to PTP1B inhibitors51

Author

Sunil Kumar, Deshmukh, Shivankar, Agrawal, and Manish, K Gupta

Abstract

Diabetes is a growing health concern worldwide because it affects people of all age groups and increases the risk of other diseases such as renal impairment and neural and cardiovascular disorders. Oral hypoglycemic drugs mainly control diabetes; however, their associated side effects limit their use in patients with other complications. PTP1B is a viable drug target to explore new antidiabetic drugs. PTP1B acts as a negative regulator of the insulin-signaling pathway, and therefore, PTP1B inhibitors display antihyperglycemic activity. Several classes of compounds from natural and synthetic sources act as PTP1B inhibitors. Fungi are comprehensive in their diversity and recognized as a valuable source for therapeutically active molecules. In recent years, researchers have reported diverse classes of fungal secondary metabolites as potent PTP1B inhibitors. Some metabolites such as 6-O-methylalaternin, fumosorinone A, nordivaricatic acid, and the divarinyl divarate showed good activity and can be taken forward as a lead to develop novel PTP1B inhibitors and antidiabetic drugs. Therefore, the present review focuses on the fungal metabolites identified in the last five years possessing PTP1B inhibitory activity. A total of 128 metabolites are reviewed. Their fungal species and source, chemical structure, and activity in terms of IC50 are highlighted.

Published
2022

12. Entomopathogenic Fungi : Prospects and Challenges

Author

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Kandikere Ramaiah Sridhar, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, and Kandikere Ramaiah Sridhar

Subjects
Fungi, Mycology, Microbiology, Zoology, Agriculture, Forestry, Plant diseases, Biochemistry
Abstract

This book brings together the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of entomopathogenic fungi, various aspects of mycoinsecticide development, and regulatory aspects to highlight the immense contribution of the agricultural sector. The chapters address aspects of entomopathogenic fungi, including host-pathogen interactions (susceptibility and resistance), fungus-insect and fungus-fungus dual interactions, phylogeny and taxonomy, biochemistry, and molecular basis of enteropathogenesis, market potential of entomopathogens, regulatory aspects, bioprospecting of fungi, fungi as crop bodyguards and in disease suppression, and consortia for the control of insect pests and pathogens in single crop systems. Written by experts in academia and industry from Algeria, Brazil, Hungary, India, Italy, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, and the United States, the book overviews entomopathogenic fungi used as biological control agents against insect pests and other arthropods, their mode of action, pathogenesis, bioactive metabolites, mycotoxins involved, their mass production, limitations, and agricultural- and environment-related issues. It also includes developing various biopesticide products, with special references to formulations and prospects. In agriculture, crop protection and production depend on insect pests controlled by entomopathogenic fungi. Understanding the pathogenicity, mechanism of action, formulations, and applications of a wide array of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticides is a valid eco-friendly approach. The book provides advances in pathogenicity, biochemistry, virulence, and interaction that facilitate the application of Beauveria, Metarhizium, and other entomopathogens as potential biopesticides against major insect pests. Developments in bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, enzymes, and toxins of entomopathogenic fungi have facilitated precise applications and management to target insect pests. Further advances in molecular aspects, the formulation of nanobiopesticides, and biofabricated technology paved the way for insect pest control. This book will be a helpful resource for students, teachers, researchers, scientists, and professionals in the industry working on biological sciences, applied entomology, mycology, zoology, forestry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and nanotechnology.

Published
2024

13. Ecology of Macrofungi : An Overview

Author

Kandikere R. Sridhar, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Kandikere R. Sridhar, and Sunil Kumar Deshmukh

Subjects
Mushrooms--Ecology, Mushrooms--Ecology--India, Mushrooms--Ecology--Mexico, Macrofungi--Ecology, Macrofungi--Ecology--India, Macrofungi--Ecology--Mexico
Abstract

Macrofungi have significant importance in human health, particularly in nutrition, medicine, pharmaceuticals, agriculture and industries. They occupy a variety of ecosystems such as terrestrial (agricultural lands, forests and deserts), freshwater (bogs and marshes) and maritime (mangroves and coastal sand dunes) habitats. Their ecosystem services like nutrition (humans and animals), medicinal pursuits (antibiotics and pharmaceuticals) and bioremediation (degradation of xenobiotics and insect control) potential are dependent on their diversity and ecological conditions. Macrofungal ecology serves as the basis for nutraceutical values, agricultural benefits, plant productivity, environmental protection and industrially valued biocomposites. This book focuses on various aspects of macrofungal distribution in diverse habitats, participation in organic matter decomposition, ectomycorrhizal associations and participation in biogeochemical cycles. This book reviews the current developments in macrofungal ecology in different habitats and their benefits. Due to the topics dealt with on macrofungal diversity, distribution, dynamics, lifestyles, ecosystem or substrate preferences and ecosystem services, this book is valuable to mycologists, botanists, zoologists, ecologists, foresters, geneticists, agronomists and field biologists.

Published
2024

14. Advances in Cordyceps Research : Prospects and Avenues

Author

Kandikere Sridhar, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Shin-Yee Fung, Shivannegowda Mahadevakumar, Kandikere Sridhar, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Shin-Yee Fung, and Shivannegowda Mahadevakumar

Subjects
Cordyceps
Abstract

The genus Cordyceps and allied species, such as entomopathogenic fungi, mainly parasitize insects and other arthropods and have been known since ancient times. They are a source of hundreds of metabolites of medicinal significance used in drug discovery and drug development.The book reviews the developments in cordyceps research and its applications. It covers areas such as diversity, distribution, taxonomy, phylogeny, genetics, bioactive potential, nutraceutical values, biotechnological prospects, plant protection, safety concerns, and marketed products. Further, the impact of human interference as well as climate change on the habitats of Cordyceps has been discussed. The book is meant for readers with an interest in mycology and allied areas. It is also invaluable to personnel carrying out research in disciplines like applied biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, botany, ecology, entomology, environmental biology, field biology, forestry, and zoology.

Published
2024

15. Bioprospects of Macrofungi : Recent Developments

Author

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Kandikere Ramaiah Sridhar, Hesham Ali El Enshasy, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Kandikere Ramaiah Sridhar, and Hesham Ali El Enshasy

Subjects
Macrofungi, Mushrooms--Therapeutic use
Abstract

The discipline of mycology is a fascinating one. It has a major influence on the nutrition, health and environmental safety of mankind. Cultivation of edible and non-edible mushrooms for nutrition, pharmaceuticals, biopolymers and biocomposites will open up new avenues in research as well as the more profitable utilization of agricultural residues. Cultivation and of domesticated and wild mushrooms poses a challenge to fulfill the needs of human/animal nutrition and utilization of agrowastes tangibly. Cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi benefits nutrition as well as plant protection. Macrofungi are the major source of several metabolites of nutritional, health, agricultural and industrial significance (e.g., antioxidants, antimicrobials and pigments). Macrofungal bio composites provide alternatives to the use of animal-derived or plant-derived products (e.g., nanopapers, leather and packaging materials). They serve a dual role in providing nutrition and pharmaceuticals (nutraceuticals) to humans as well as livestock. Macrofungi interact with insects symbiotically (e.g., Termitomyces with termites) and provide delicious nutraceutical product. They also control insects by infecting and producing pharmaceutically and metabolite-rich products (e.g., Cordyceps attacks insects). Macrofungi have a strong potential to control pathogens like nematodes in soil (bioremediation). They are also useful as biofertilizers to meet the needs of plant nutrition.The book outlines current advances in macrofungal technology. It highlights different facets of macrofungal cultivation, bioactive compounds, biocomposites, nutraceuticals, benefits with interaction with insects, application as biofertilizers and ecosystem services like bioremediation.

Published
2023

16. Fungi and Fungal Products in Human Welfare and Biotechnology

Author

Tulasi Satyanarayana, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Tulasi Satyanarayana, and Sunil Kumar Deshmukh

Subjects
Fungi--Biotechnology
Abstract

This book presents various biotechnological applications of the fungal systems in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, textile industry, bioremediation, biofuel, and the production of biomolecules. It discusses the important role of fungal secondary metabolites in human welfare and nutrition. It explores fungi as the vital sources of novel substances with antidiabetic, antibiotic as well as prebiotic properties. The book further describes the natural and unique ability of fungi to biodegrade macro- and microplastics by using them as a source of carbon and energy. Notably, it presents the properties and applications of bioactive fungal polysaccharides and discusses the latest developments in utilizing these biopolymers in human nutrition. In addition, the book examines the production of biodegradable and sustainable natural colorants from fungal sources. This book is a valuable source for mycologists, biotechnologists, and microbiologists for understanding the important role of fungi in biotechnology.

Published
2023

17. Progress in Mycology : Biology and Biotechnological Applications

Author

Tulasi Satyanarayana, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Mukund V. Deshpande, Tulasi Satyanarayana, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, and Mukund V. Deshpande

Subjects
Fungi, Mycology, Microbiology, Microbial populations, Microbial genetics, Biotechnology
Abstract

Indian mycologists have extensively studied various groups of fungi such as soil fungi, aquatic fungi, marine fungi, endophytic fungi, fungi associated with man and animals. Though several books on various aspects of fungi are published, this is the first account of the history and development in mycology in India. This book is the second volume of the two-volume book'Progress in Mycology: An Indian Perspective'. While volume 1 contains the historical aspects, taxonomy and information about the various groups of fungi, this volume focuses majorly on the biotechnological applications of the different groups of fungi. It discusses topics such as the extremophilic fungi, the history and development in Candida research, progress of mycotoxin research in India etc. It provides a detailed account of the various enzymes and bio-active molecules derived from fungi. India shows a very high biodiversity of fungi, and this book discusses these different group of fungiand their industrial and biotechnological applications. This book is useful to students, teachers and researchers in botany, microbiology, biotechnology and life sciences, agriculture and industries using fungi to produce various valuable products.

Published
2022

18. Advances in Macrofungi : Pharmaceuticals and Cosmeceuticals

Author

Kandikere R. Sridhar, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Kandikere R. Sridhar, and Sunil Kumar Deshmukh

Subjects
Macrofungi--Therapeutic use, Cosmetics
Abstract

Large scale cultivation of macrofungi is possible with fermentation, using easily accessible lignocellulosic agricultural residues utilising economical methods to generate substantial biomass, food and biofuels. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes by macrofungi generates value-added fungal nutritional biomass for humans and livestock. Besides commercial cultivation techniques, other topics covered include healing potential of mushrooms, industrial opportunities, mycelium-based products, forest wild mushrooms and industrial applications of white rot fungi. This book addresses the various applications of macrofungi. It encourages readers to explore non-conventional sources of nutrition as well as bioactive metabolites to serve as nutraceuticals. The volume emphasizes the significance of macrofungi as source of bioactive compounds to remedy human lifestyle diseases especially cancers and cardiovascular ailments along with immunostimulation potential by Cordyceps. This book also emphasises on the role of mushrooms as a source of cosmeceuticals, source of flavors, essence, scents and perfumes.

Published
2021

19. Progress in Mycology : An Indian Perspective

Author

Tulasi Satyanarayana, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Mukund V. Deshpande, Tulasi Satyanarayana, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, and Mukund V. Deshpande

Subjects
Fungi, Mycology, Microbiology, Microbial populations, Biomedical engineering, Bioinformatics
Abstract

Indian mycologists have extensively studied various groups of fungi such as soil fungi, aquatic fungi, marine fungi, endophytic fungi, fungi associated with man and animals. Though several books on various aspects of fungi are published, this is the first account of the history and developments in mycology in India. It discusses at length various stages of development of mycology including both classical and biotechnological aspects. It begins with a historical account of Indian mycology, followed by a description of research on fossil fungi. Further chapters cover the latest updates on different taxonomic groups of fungi. A dedicated section describes the roles and applications of fungal endophytes. The book also includes research in other important areas such as mushrooms and wood rotting fungi. Different chapters are written by leading mycologists. This book is useful to students, teachers and researchers in botany, microbiology, biotechnology and life sciences, agriculture and industries using fungi to produce various valuable products.

Published
2021

20. Advancing Frontiers in Mycology & Mycotechnology : Basic and Applied Aspects of Fungi

Author

Tulasi Satyanarayana, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Mukund V. Deshpande, Tulasi Satyanarayana, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, and Mukund V. Deshpande

Subjects
Mycology, Fungi
Abstract

The book provides an introduction to the basics of fungi, discussing various types ranging from edible mushrooms to Neurospora – a model system for genetics and epigenetics. After addressing the classification and biodiversity of fungi, and fungi in different ecological niches, it describes the latest applications of fungi, their role in sustainable environments and in alleviating stress in plants, as well as their role in causing plant and animal diseases. Further chapters explore the advances in fungal interactions research and their implications for various systems, and discuss plant-pathogen interactions. The book also features a section on bioprospecting, and is an extremely interesting and informative read for anybody involved in the field of mycology, microbiology and biotechnology teaching and research.

Published
2019

22. Fungi From Different Substrates

Author

J. K. Misra, Jalpa P. Tewari, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, Csaba Vágvölgyi, J. K. Misra, Jalpa P. Tewari, Sunil Kumar Deshmukh, and Csaba Vágvölgyi

Subjects
Plant growing media, Fungi, Mushrooms
Abstract

The book is comprised of more than a dozen chapters on fungi from different substrates including fossilized leaves. It discusses association of fungi occurring on important plants, some animals, and saprophytic substrates. Besides the taxonomic information, some ecological aspects like distribution and substrate/host preferences are discussed.

Published
2015

23. Fungal endophytes A potential source of antifungal compounds

Author

Sunil Kumar, Deshmukh and Shilpa Amit, Verekar

Subjects
Volatile Organic Compounds, Antifungal Agents, Species Specificity, General Immunology and Microbiology, Fungi, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

The prevalence of invasive fungal infections has increased significantly during organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. However, only a limited number of antifungal agents are currently available for the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections. Although new antifungal agents have been introduced in the market, the development of resistance to antifungal drugs has become increasingly apparent, especially in patients with long term treatment. Microbial natural products have always been an alternative natural source for the isolation of novel molecules for various therapeutic applications. Endophytes are the microorganisms that colonize internal tissues of all plant species and represent an abundant and dependable source of bioactive and chemically novel compounds with potential for exploitation in a wide variety of medical, agricultural and industrial arenas. In the present review several metabolites obtained from endophytic fungi with a potential as antifungal agents are mentioned with bioactivity including volatile organic compounds. The compounds reported here with a diverse scaffold can be a potential starting point for new antifungal agents either as such or after chemical modification.

Published
2012

25. Anticancer activity of sclerotiorin, isolated from an endophytic fungus Cephalotheca faveolata Yaguchi, Nishim.Udagawa

Author

Periyasamy, Giridharan, Shilpa Amit, Verekar, Amit, Khanna, P D, Mishra, and Sunil Kumar, Deshmukh

Subjects
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Ascomycota, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Apoptosis, Benzopyrans, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Mass Spectrometry, Cell Proliferation, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources. Through high throughput screening (HTS) and bioassay-guided isolation, bioactive compound sclerotiorin has been isolated from an endophytic fungus Cephalotheca faveolata. Sclerotiorin was found to be potent anti-proliferative against different cancer cells. In this study sclerotiorin has been found to induce apoptosis in colon cancer (HCT-116) cells through the activation of BAX, and down-regulation of BCL-2, those further activated cleaved caspase-3 causing apoptosis of cancer cells.

Published
2012

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