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Background: The healthcare managers need to develop the managerial skills and use it for better healthcare delivery. A manager requires leadership skill to empower employees and motivate them to work in an efficient manner to achieve organizational goal. Motivating employees/subordinates and developing positive attitude toward them is one of the crucial skills that the leader needs to develop. The way health team works as a unit affects the outcome and needs good leader. With this background, the current study tends to explore the managerial skills of middle-level managers. Objectives: 1. To assess the leadership and team management skills of middle-level managers and 2. To find out motivational factors used by managers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among district-level healthcare managers and medical officers. Data collection was performed via semistructured and scale-based questionnaire and analyzed using Microsoft office excel. Results: 60% of managers had participative leadership style. Team work skills were fair enough among the managers. 53% of medical officers were freshly appointed with experience of less than one year. The middle-level managers used appreciation of work (41.8%) as major motivator of the team. Conclusions: The middle-level healthcare managers have good leadership quality as well as teamwork skills. Appreciation of work is commonly used motivator.

Introduction: There is a notable shift in the attitude of the admission, review, diagnostics, and follow-up of patients for all the medical sectors and of particular interest of cancer patients. The present study aimed to elaborate on the identification of patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs); the diagnostics, the triage, and the best treatment plan were all evaluated and at the same time compared with the years before the pandemic at a tertiary care center that caters to various other patients also. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational clinical study was conducted at the tertiary care center that catered to all the medical specialties. The demographics, the patient characteristics, the surgeries performed, complications, mortality, and readmissions were evaluated and compared with the pre-coronavirus disease (COVID) time. Results: There was a significant difference in the complications for the pre-COVID time when the groups were compared for the matched pair. Conclusion: The proper screening and triaging of the patients will help in the early intervention of the patients with the HNCs.

In this paper, a multi-layered mushroom-type electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is proposed. A double layer two via EBG (DLTV EBG) structure is designed at 1.65 GHz. The proposed DLTV-EBG structure consists of a two-layer dielectric substrate, which reduces the lateral sizes due to a multilayer topology. By adjusting the patch dimensions and positions of the vias, the center frequency, and equivalent L and C parameters meet design requirements. In a DLTV-EBG, layer-1 has a square ring patch; layer-2 has a circular ring; outer square ring patch with 2 edged located vias gives the additional capacitance and inductance to achieve compactness. The simulation of the DLTV-EBG structure is carried out using the Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and experimentally validated. The band gap of the DLTV-EBG structure is measured using suspended microstrip line (SML) method. The Experimental results agree well with simulation one. The periodic size of the proposed DLTV-EBG structure is 0.05λ1.65 GHz, which is a good candidate where compact size is highly desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various regional climatic factors influence glacier mass balance and thus control the water budget of the Himalayan rivers. However, the scarcity of observational data hinders a detailed understanding of the processes governing glacier mass balances in the Himalaya. Here we analyze the mass balance of the Sutri Dhaka Glacier, a debris-free glacier in the Chandra basin (western Himalaya) combining field observations and a physically based model to understand the drivers of mass balance variability. The modeled energy flux showed that net shortwave radiation contributed 56% to the total surface energy fluxes, followed by net longwave radiation (27%), sensible heat (8%), latent heat (5%), and ground heat flux (4%). However, over the ablation zone, inward fluxes account for most of the total heat flux, resulting in strong summertime melting. The model estimated glacier mass balance was −1.09 ± 0.31 and −0.62 ± 0.19 m w.e. during 2015/16 and 2016/17, which matches well with the in situ glaciological mass balance of −1.16 ± 0.33 and −0.67 ± 0.33 m w.e., respectively. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the mass balance of the glacier is affected by both air temperature (−0.21 m w.e. a−1 °C−1) and precipitation (0.19 m w.e. a−1 (10%)−1) changes. Our study suggests that, the mass balance of the Sutri Dhaka Glacier is less sensitive to changes in the partitioning of precipitation into snow and rain because the majority of precipitation falls as snow during the winter when the temperature is well below 0°C.

In this paper, authors propose a new way of improving the gain-bandwidth performance of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna using annular ring arcs. Annular ring arc is portion of the annular ring with specific length and sector angle that contributes to effective aperture area of the antenna. Hence, such structure helps to improve gainbandwidth performance of antenna. Length, width, and angle of ring-arc was calculated mathematically based on effective aperture of antenna. Placement of annular rings is another important factor discussed in this paper that was found by experimentation. The antenna design is finished within three iterations and finalized antenna was fabricated and tested. Measurement results and simulation results of antenna agreed. The antenna frequency band ranges from 2.1 GHz to 10.4 GHz with achieved size reduction of 38.74%. The antenna was fabricated on FR4 epoxy substrate with 0.8 mm thickness and dielectric constant of 4.4 and achieves acceptable return loss over the band of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proven to be a most promising technology for the next-generation high-capacity and ultra-wide bandwidth 5G communication systems. 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band is also becoming a most popular upcoming frequency spectrum due to today’s available dense frequency spectrum used for mobile, multimedia, and data communication, etc. We propose a system comprised of 60 GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) model using optimized optical frequency quadrupling, coherent detection, channel estimation, and carrier phase correction techniques for ultra-wide bandwidth 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) OFDM baseband signal. The proposed RoF system’s outcomes have shown relatively better bit error rate (BER) of 3.1 × 10–3 to enable successful transmission of 110 Gbps data for more than 105 km optical link comprising of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). System performance and obtained results show a potential to fulfill the requirements of 5G and cellular communication system.

A highly efficient magnetic nanocomposite, Pd/MnFe2O4 has been prepared by citrate gel auto combustion and deposition precipitation method for reductive Ullmann homocoupling of aryl halides in an aqueous medium. The physical and chemical properties of the synthesized composite were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDAX, VSM, and BET analysis. The synthesis of symmetrical biaryls has been achieved at admirable reaction conditions with high yield in a short reaction time. The nanocomposite catalyst could be easily separated by magnetic separation and recycled up to six reaction cycles with appreciable yields of desired products. The synthesized nanocomposite was found to be a best alternative catalyst for carbon–carbon bond formation in Ullmann-type homocoupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iodometric analysis is used to determine the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of benzoic, m-amino, and m-nitro benzoic acid hydrazides by Thallium(III) in acidic medium at constant ionic strength. The complex decomposes to produce the product. The rate of the reaction is decreased by the rise in [H+] and [Cl-]. Additionally, Activation parameters were established, and a mechanism is proposed. The analysis of reaction constants (σ) and substituent constants (s) for m-nitro BAH and m-amino BAH indicates good agreement with the values from the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]