Search

Ocean Research Station is a comprehensive ocean research infrastructure built to collect and provide real-time data with state-of-the-art observation systems. This station operates various research facilities, and the data is actively used for research in each field. In particular, since wave data is produced through the remote-sensing observation method, they are valuable as observation data. Unlike the direct observation method, they can stably collect data and store long-term observation data on severe weather. However, there is a limitation that outlier may occur due to the process of measuring and collecting data or the effects of temporary environmental changes. This study improves the remote wave data quality of MIROS RangeFinder installed at the Socheongcho Ocean Research Station using an algorithm and confirms the reliability by comparing it with the wave buoy observation data operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration. The algorithm used is a Spike removal median filter, which is applied after adjusting the conditions and variables according to the characteristics of the Socheongcho wave data. Also, we developed a new filter using a variable threshold to increase the outlier detection rate. As a result, the final algorithm shows a high outlier detection rate, but some outliers are still not removed, so improvements are required to enhance the algorithm’s performance. In addition, continuous research on the remote-sensing wave observation method is required to compensate for the limitation that the accuracy is slightly lower than that of the direct observation method.

Predicting tsunami hazards based on the tsunami source, propagation, runup patterns is critical to protect humans and property. Potential tsunami zone, as well as the historical tsunamis in 1983 and 1993, can be a threat to the east coast of South Korea. The Korea Meteorological Administration established a tsunami forecast warning system to reduce damage from tsunamis, but it does not consider tsunami amplification in the bay due to resonance. In this study, the Numerical model, Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami model, was used to investigate natural frequency in the bay due to coastal geometry. The study area is Yeongill bay in Pohang, southeast of South Korea, because this area is a natural bay and includes three harbors where resonance significantly occurs. This study generated a Gaussian-shaped tsunami, propagated it into the Yeongill bay, and compared numerical modeling results with data from tide gauge located in Yeongill bay during several storms through spectral analysis. It was found that both energies of tsunamis and storms were amplified at the same frequencies, and maximum tsunami wave height was amplified about 3.12 times. The results in this study can contribute to quantifying the amplification of tsunami heights in the bay.

This paper is a report of a design-based research project undertaken to build a blended teacher education program that focuses on cultivating teachers’ competencies for personalized and blended learning in K-12 classrooms. Two iterations were designed and examined in total, with 10 teacher educators and two teacher candidate cohorts. Teacher educators collaborated with the project director to design and redesign online courses for two years, and each cohort took online teaching methods courses and trained at personalized learning schools in Texas over the course of a year. Using a mixed-methods design, teacher educators’ and teacher candidates’ perception data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the program’s effectiveness and identify design implications and elements that inform the design and implementation of the program. The reflections and insights gained through this project offer an understanding of how blended teacher preparation can be designed to directly address the needs of K-12 schools for teachers trained in personalized and blended learning.

This chapter discusses how social media assist teachers in their informal professional development (PD) activities, which pave the way to support their practices, motivate job satisfaction, and lifelong learning purposes. Social media's capacity to facilitate social interaction and the creation of user-generated content allows teachers to perform self-initiated learning, join professional learning networks, and obtain immediate responses from colleagues. However, using social media for PD can risk teachers' privacy and retrieval of voluminous and low-quality information. Therefore, the authors provide recommendations to guide school administrators in facilitating a well-designed social media-based PD to sustain teachers' continuing education efforts that can address their professional needs and students' diverse learning needs.

Incorporating computer science (CS) into K–12 education has been highlighted in recent years as an important way to promote computational thinking skills. The aim of this study was to investigate t...

For the last few decades, coastal erosion has arisen as a global issue. Coastal erosion is accelerated mainly due to climate change (e.g., global sea-level rise and extreme waves) and artificial coastal structures. It results in a net recession of the shoreline and losses of coastal properties such as coastal infrastructure and beach material. As a result, the coastal communities become more vulnerable to coastal hazards and extreme waves. To protect coastal communities from extreme waves, coastal sand dunes were introduced as a natural and nature-based feature (USACE, 2013). For instance, the South Korean government placed an artificial sand dune on a beach on the west coast of South Korea where severe coastal erosion had occurred in an attempt to restore it. To achieve an adequate design of a coastal sand dune, it is essential to predict precise wave-induced sediment transport. However, the accuracy in wave-induced sediment transport prediction has not been sufficiently improved. Therefore, a laboratory experiment should be conducted to investigate the mechanism of wave-induced sediment mobilization and improve the accuracy of its prediction.This study carried out a large-scale two-dimensional movable-bed experiment to analyze the erosion and accretion mechanisms of the dune-beach system during a storm and a post-storm. An entire storm event was reproduced in the flume, which was 100 m long, 2 m wide, and 3 m deep. The dune and beach profile was simplified by considering a representative natural dune on the west coast of South Korea on a 1:4 scale. An Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (hereinafter ADV), ADV profiler, wave gage, and echo-logger were mounted on a movable cart to obtain wave and morphological characteristics over a wide range of flume. Also, CCTV and stereo cameras were installed to observe the erosion process of the dune and the entire wave transformation even in the very shallow water region (swash zone). So, through stereo imagery, wave transformation and runup were successfully measured. In addition, the Echo-logger measured the acoustic backscattering strength of the water column at a specific location near the sandbar crest to invert the backscattering strength measurements into suspended sediment concentration.The tested wave conditions, representing a typical storm in South Korea for the past two decades, were divided into seven sea states consisting of one normal case, five erosive cases, and one accretive case sequentially. The dune face collapsed during the erosive case, and two sand bars were generated underwater. After the erosive cases, the accretive case caused the onshore sandbar to move landward and decay. This study shows the relationship between nearshore hydrodynamics and morphological evolution through data obtained by the experiment. Moreover, with the sedimentation aspect, the sediment core data on the sand bar, sampled after the experiment, successfully captured the storm history.

Lee, D.; Park, H.; Shin, S., and Cox, D.T., 2021. Experimental and numerical study on the wave, surge, and structure interactions on a coastal residential building. In: Lee, J.L.; Suh, K.-S.; Lee, B.; Shin, S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 156–160. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Residential structures in the low-lying coastal region are often suffered from devastate coastal disasters, like storms and tsunamis. To minimize the loss and improve the resilience of a coastal community, it is crucial to understand structural damage and failure mechanism under extreme from extreme coastal events. Large-scale laboratory experiments of wood-framed residential houses were conducted to investigate the wave and surge effect on the structure and the structural failure mechanism. The tests were conducted by changing a surge level, wave period, and wave height condition, and measure hydro-kinematics and structural damage process. LIDAR scanning was conducted to collect the data of damage proportion on the structure during series of wave and surge conditions. A three-dimensional RANS model, olaFlow, was used to verify our numerical model, and applied to understand hydrodynamics near the structure. Three different wave breaking conditions, including non-breaking, breaking, and broken wave are tested and consequent wave induced forces on structure are compared for both undamaged structure and damaged structure conditions. The numerical model results showed a good agreement with the experimental results in water surface and velocity. The numerical results of wave induced force in damaged conditions showed 28∼43% smaller than those in undamaged conditions. This finding highlight that the damage level of a structure could affect predicting wave load on the structure.

During the 2018 Professors in Instructional Design (PIDT) Conference, faculty representing over a dozen institutions met to discuss curricular initiatives that were being implemented across programs, and the challenges and benefits of these initiatives. The discussion focused on several areas, including: interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary programs and courses, online programs, and undergraduate initiatives. The outcome of these conversations led faculty to gather information from across these institutions to highlight and share ways that their respective programs have promoted the field through innovative partnerships, projects, and programs within the broader community. It is anticipated that this summary will serve as a catalyst for other programs to propose and share their own innovative program plans and encourage individuals to attend future PIDT conferences.

It has been an issue among researchers that the tsunamis that occurred on the west coast of Japan in 1983 and 1993 damaged the coastal cities on the east coast of Korea. In order to predict and reduce the damage to the Korean Peninsula effectively, it is necessary to install offshore tsunami observation instruments as part of the system for the early detection of tsunamis. The purpose of this study is to recommend the optimal deployment of tsunami observation instruments in terms of the higher probability of tsunami detection with the minimum equipment and the maximum evacuation and warning time according to the current situation in Korea. In order to propose the optimal location of the tsunami observation equipment, this study will analyze the tsunami propagation phenomena on the east sea by considering the potential tsunami scenario on the west coast of Japan through numerical modeling using the COrnell Multi-grid COupled Tsunami (COMCOT) model. Based on the results of the numerical model, this study suggested the optimal deployment of Korea's offshore tsunami observation instruments on the northeast side of Ulleung Island.

This case presents the design and implementation process of multimedia case-based learning modules for a Sex and Gender Specific Health (SGSH) education curriculum. The learning modules were designed to advance understanding of sex and gender differences, increase awareness of gender-specific health issues, and improve clinical knowledge of sex and gender evidence-based medicine. This paper describes the three phases of the project. In the first phase of planning, five diseases actively examined in the medical field were chosen to address sex and gender differences, and the instructional development team specifically adapted a case-based learning framework to provide more authentic and interprofessional learning opportunities for health science trainees. In the second phase, learning modules were structured with multiple revisions incorporating multimedia case-based learning strategies, such as case movie trailers, expert guides, and case solutions. In the third phase, a number of decisions regarding module interface, case videos, and server management were made. Throughout the phases, the instructional designers resolved a number of issues, such as communication with subject matter experts (SMEs), consistency of learning materials, copyright, case movie production tool, closed captioning, server configuration, and dissemination. The design process and challenges described in this paper would be useful for others developing similar instructional materials in a healthcare environment.

This design case illustrates a three-semester-long curricular and instructional design project focusing on the design and implementation of a technology-enhanced case-based learning experience for pre-service teachers within a teaching methods course. This case highlights the iterative process that a teacher educator and an instructional designer went through to integrate technology-enhanced cases into a methods course and connect them to other aspects of the course experiences, as well as the teacher education program in general. The first part of this case provides an overview of the project, the designers and their personal objectives, design context, information on the online environment and case materials, and ideas, challenges, and differences of the designers shared before the actual design process. The second part of this case presents each phase of our design from the first to the final semester, including the discussions of our goals, issues, results, and reflections.

This study evaluated the effect of air injection depth in the big-bubble (BB) technique, which is used for corneal tissue preparation in lamellar keratoplasty. The BB technique was performed on ex vivo human corneoscleral buttons using a depth-sensing needle, based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technology. The needle tip, equipped with a miniaturized OCT depth-sensing probe, was inserted for air injection at a specified depth. Inside the corneal tissue, our needle obtained OCT line profiles, from which residual thickness below the needle tip was measured. Subjects were classified into Groups I, II, III, and IV based on injection depths of 75–80%, 80–85%, 85–90%, and >90% of the full corneal thickness, respectively. Both Type I and II BBs were produced when the mean residual thicknesses of air injection were 109.7 ± 38.0 µm and 52.4 ± 19.2 µm, respectively. Type II BB (4/5) was dominant in group IV. Bubble burst occurred in 1/16 cases of type I BB and 3/16 cases of type II BB, respectively. Injection depth was an important factor in determining the types of BBs produced. Deeper air injection could facilitate formation of Type II BBs, with an increased risk of bubble bursts.

Research in the area of student life has shown that student engagement in student organizations improves a number of undergraduate and graduate student outcomes. Because of the critical importance that student organizations play in student development, continued research is needed to understand the elements that make such organizations successful. This chapter will utilize the reflections of three faculty advisors and two student presidents to explore how virtues and character strengths played a critical role in the continued success of a student organization within the context of a college of education.

The purpose of this case study was to gain insight into pre-service teachers' and an instructor's perceptions and experiences on their uses of technology-enhanced cases in a teaching methods course. Findings demonstrate two different reactions from pre-service teachers. The majority of them valued case discussions with co-construction of knowledge as useful and meaningful, but a few also perceived the cases as meaningless and disengaged from the discussions. The study also provides insight into how the instructor's case-based instruction mediated such differences and used the cases as a means of closing the gap between the methods course and field experience.

There have been many studies on design and control of hip-joint wearable robots, a part of which have already been commercialized. However, the clear assistance effects of the wearable robot on the human body have not been studied much yet. Although the human body dynamics may be considered in the robot design stage, it is difficult to predict the resultant after wearing the robot due to the complicated nature of human-robot interaction. Another difficulty in designing a hip-joint wearable robot is that the weight of the robot must be taken into consideration because the wearer must fully bear the whole weight of the robot. If a high performance actuator is used to provide greater assistance, the weight of the robot will inevitably increase, putting a burden on the human body. In this paper, musculoskeletal simulation is utilized to predict and analyze the effects of assistance and weight of robot on the human body. Then, the reliability of the simulation is verified through the wearable robot experiment. Furthermore, the relationship between assistance and weight of the robot is derived from the specifications of the commercial hip-joint wearable robots. As a result of the parameter study by applying this relationship, the optimal hip-joint wearable robot weight that the human can receive the best assistance effect is obtained.

The observation of histopathology using optical microscope is an essential procedure for examination of tissue biopsies or surgically excised specimens in biological and clinical laboratories. However, slide-based microscopic pathology is not suitable for visualizing the large-scale tissue and native 3D organ structure due to its sampling limitation and shallow imaging depth. Here, we demonstrate serial optical coherence microscopy (SOCM) technique that offers label-free, high-throughput, and large-volume imaging of ex vivo mouse organs. A 3D histopathology of whole mouse brain and kidney including blood vessel structure is reconstructed by deep tissue optical imaging in serial sectioning techniques. Our results demonstrate that SOCM has unique advantages as it can visualize both native 3D structures and quantitative regional volume without introduction of any contrast agents.

Studies on footwear-based wearable devices for gait and motion monitoring have been conducted by many researchers, and the force measurement of a foot is one of the most important topics among them. In this paper, we present the design of a soft force-sensing pad for in-shoe force measurement. A force-sensing method based on an air pressure sensor is utilized to robustly measure the force caused by compression in a shoe. To withstand the human weight, an air-filled structure with an elastomeric pillar array is designed. The force is measured by the increase in air pressure caused by pillar compression. Due to the simple sensing structure, it has the advantage that it can be made into various forms such as an insole pad. To verify the sensing performance, experiments are performed to compare its accuracy, hysteresis, and repeatability with an off-the-shelf load cell. The measured results show an accuracy error of 0.249 kgf, a hysteresis error of 1.071 kgf, and a repeatability error of 0.202 kgf. To verify the robustness of the proposed sensing pad, accuracy and precision change under nine different compression conditions is calculated, and the results show an accuracy error of 0.672 kgf. Moreover, error variation of the proposed sensing pad is about four times smaller than the widely used force-sensing resistor sensor.

Do, K.; Shin, S.; Cox, D., and Yoo, J., 2018. An international comparison of drowning in South Korea. In: Shim, J.- S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 196–200. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Coastal sand dune system is important in the nearshore environment for sand supply, ecosystem, and hazard mitigation. In this study, a process-based morphological model was performed and the results were compared with large-scale laboratory experimental data. Two-dimensional large-scale laboratory experiments were conducted with 1:6 geometric scale in the large wave flume (104m (L) × 3.7 m (W) × 4.6 m (D)) of the Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory at Oregon State University (Maddux et al, 2006). Several different wave conditions were used with different water levels in this experiment including pre-storm, storm, and post storm based on random wave time series by using TMA spectrum. The data set included cross-shore Wave heights, fluid velocities, and the profile changes of the beach and dune. The process based model, XBeach (Roelvink et al., 2009) was used to simulate the nearshore hydrodynamics and bed level change during storm wave condition. Several semi-empirical parameters were used in the XBeach model to predict morphodynamic process (Roelvink et al., 2009) and recently the updated parameters (WTI settings) were suggested based on the results of field observations. The present study ran the XBeach model by using both default and WTI settings and compared with the results from the experiments. The results showed that the model results with WTI settings showed good agreement with the measured beach profile while the model results with default settings over-predicted the offshore sediment transport and dune erosion. Especially, the wave skewness (facSk) and asymmetry (facAs) gave the highest contribution to predict dune erosion.

Shin, S.; Bae, I., and Lee, J.-I., 2018. Three-dimensional variation of wave transmission around the artificial reefs: experimental and numerical studies. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 1011–1015. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In this study, three-dimensional experiments were conducted to investigate the spatial variation of wave transmission characteristics under the different types and configurations of the artificial reefs. Partially permeable armored by tetrapods and impermeable structures were deployed with the different gaps. Incident wave conditions included both breaking and non-breaking conditions over the structures. Transmitted wave heights in cross-shore and alongshore directions were compared with the empirical formula. The results showed that the wave transmission phenomena were dependent of the structural typ...

Son, S.; Kim, J.; Yoon, H.-D.; Jung, T.-H.; Do, K., and Shin, S., 2017. An observational and numerical study of storm-induced morphologic changes at Sanpo Beach, Korea. In: Lee, J.L.; Griffiths, T.; Lotan, A.; Suh, K.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 2nd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 79, pp. 334–338. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This study was conducted to investigate morphological changes at Sanpo Beach due to the storm through field observation and numerical simulation. Sanpo Beach located on the southeast coast of Korea had been significantly affected by typhoon Goni while some changes in beach profile was expected due to the strong storm-induced currents. Series of field observations on the beach topography, bottom bathymetries, shorelines, sand samples, and incident waves were carried out in order to investigate the morphological changes at Sanpo Beach during the typhoon season. In particular, Real Time Kinematic-Global Positionin...

Kim, I.H.; Kim, J.; Jeong, Y.-M.; Hur, D.S., and Shin, S., 2017. Field observation and numerical modelling on the hydrodynamics behind a submerged breakwater. In: Lee, J.L.; Griffiths, T.; Lotan, A.; Suh, K.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 2nd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 79, pp. 304–308. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In 2014, a submerged breakwater installed near the erosion hot spot and the beach is being formed to salient beach behind the structure at Anmok beach, which is located on the east coast of Korea. The field monitoring has been carried out for past three years in order to investigate the change of beach morphology and shoreline before and after the breakwater construction. Wave gages were installed in the offshore location, in front of the breakwater and in the behind of the breakwater to investigate the wave height variation. A three-dimensional numerical model based on the Navier-Stokes equation with a Large Eddy Simula...

Cho, M.; Shin, S.; Yoon, H.-D., and Cox, D.T., 2017. Numerical simulation of tsunami force acting on vertical walls. In: Lee, J.L.; Griffiths, T.; Lotan, A.; Suh, K.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 2nd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 79, pp. 289–293. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. A tsunami can cause enormous loss of life and property in coastal communities. Therefore, when designing coastal infrastructures for protection against a tsunami, estimation of the tsunami force on a vertical wall is necessary. This work investigates the tsunami force on a vertical wall for different wave (tsunami) heights and cross-shore locations of vertical walls by using hydrodynamic numerical model simulations. The numerical model is based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation, k-epsilon turbulent closure, and volume of fluid method to simulate the hydrodynamic forces induced by a tsunami. First, the numerical model was validated using physical mo...

Shin, S.; Nam, J.; Son, S.; Kim, I.H., and Jung, T.-H., 2017. Field observation and numerical modelling of rip currents within a pocket beach. In: Lee, J.L.; Griffiths, T.; Lotan, A.; Suh, K.-S., and Lee, J. (eds.), The 2nd International Water Safety Symposium. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 79, pp. 229–233. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Understanding the occurrence mechanism of rip currents are very important in terms of the sediment transport and the water safety issues. In order to investigate the rip current occurrence mechanism, field observations were carried out at Chunjin beach and a numerical model was employed to simulate rip currents by using the field observation data. The collected data set includes the beach topography, bottom bathymetries, shoreline, sand sample, and incident waves for each season. The field observation data showed the spatiotemporal variations of shoreline and sand bars. The results also showed that the rip currents were generated near t...

Recent progress in three-dimensional optical imaging techniques allows visualization of many comprehensive biological specimens. Optical clearing methods provide volumetric and quantitative information by overcoming the limited depth of light due to scattering. However, current imaging technologies mostly rely on the synthetic or genetic fluorescent labels, thus limits its application to whole-body visualization of generic mouse models. Here, we report a label-free optical projection tomography (LF-OPT) technique for quantitative whole mouse embryo imaging. LF-OPT is based on the attenuation contrast of light rather than fluorescence, and it utilizes projection imaging technique similar to computed tomography for visualizing the volumetric structure. We demonstrate this with a collection of mouse embryo morphologies in different stages using LF-OPT. Additionally, we extract quantitative organ information applicable toward high-throughput phenotype screening. Our results indicate that LF-OPT can provide multi-scale morphological information in various tissues including bone, which can be difficult in conventional optical imaging technique.

The design of an assistive robot for people with partially impaired walking ability demands unique requirements, such as minimal mechanical impedance and high back-drivability, as well as high power density. Mechanical parts must be ergonomically designed, such that users can use the devices for a long period of time without discomfort. The motor control function of the incomplete paraplegics is not as robust as that of the normal, and thus the overall human body system becomes vulnerable to disturbances (i.e., external forces, inclinations, etc.) or model variations (i.e., loads, etc.). It is, however, still active, unlike complete paraplegic patients, and thus the robot must not generate any unexpected resistance to the voluntary motions of the incomplete paraplegics for the sake of minimal discomfort. This paper introduces a new wearable robot, called Angel-suit, particularly developed for assisting such people with partially impaired walking ability. The transparent assistance is achieved by series-elastic actuation mechanism. A case study of Angel-suit for a 11-years-old female patient with spina bifida is also briefly introduced in this paper.

Water-borne disaster debris can exacerbate the damage on the built-environment through debris impact and debris damming loads and by decreasing the functionality of infrastructure systems after these events. Therefore, an understanding of disaster debris transport is essential for disaster management. In this paper, an experimental study of tsunami-driven debris spreading over a flat testbed was conducted considering different density conditions of debris elements. Debris elements of two different materials (densities) were considered various debris groups and starting orientation. The final dislocations and local velocity of debris elements were measured optically and compared to flow velocity. Among two debris elements in a debris group, it was found that debris elements of higher density affected the mean longitudinal displacement of the less dense debris, but the less dense debris did not affect the displacement of higher density debris. Also, it was found that the initial orientations of the debris groups had no measurable impact on the final displacement. The effects of obstacles on the passage of debris and the probability of collision to obstacles were examined and the process of debris-debris and debris-obstacle interactions from debris entrainment to final dislocation was studied. It was found that the less dense debris had a higher probability of collision with the obstacles compared to the more dense debris case. However, when the debris types were mixed, the less dense debris had a lower probability of collision. Finally, the characteristics of debris dislocation and velocity fields under various density conditions as a group were also evaluated. The reflected wave and interaction among different debris play a role in the probability of collision. However, the density of each debris element was a dominant factor in determining the collision probability.

Kim, Y.T.; Shin, S.W.; Choi, J.W., and Lee, J.I., 2016. Effects of oblique waves on overtopping for vertical walls. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 1357 - 1361. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In determination of the crest height of a vertical structure against attacking of obliquely incident waves, most of existing studies have suggested to use the overtopping reduction factor due to incident angles. However, they have not considered the amplification of wave heights and the spatial distribution of wave overtopping. In this study, a spatial distribution of wave overtopping along a vertical structure is experimentally investigated and also the wave overtopping reduction factors (γ) for incident wave angle is suggested. When the incident angle becomes larger, the wave overtopping reduction factor decreases almost l...

Shin, S.; Kim, Y.T., and Lee, J.I., 2016. Physical and Numerical Modeling of Irregular Wave Transformation over a Fringing Reef. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 922–926. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Two-dimensional laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate cross-shore variations of wave transformation, setup, and breaking phenomena over a fringing reef. Various conditions of irregular waves were generated by changing a water depth, a wave period, and a wave height. A multi-layer Boussinesq model was used to predict the wave transformation and the results were compared to the experimental results. One-layer and two-layer model configurations were selected to figure out and compare the model capability. In the model and data comparisons, both models well predicted the wave transformation characteristic...

Kim, I.H.; Lee, W.D.; Shin, S.; Kim, J.H.; Hur, D.S., and Cho, W.C., 2016. The Study on Rip Current Generated by Submerged Breakwaters: Field Observation and Numerical Simulation. In: Vila-Concejo, A.; Bruce, E.; Kennedy, D.M., and McCarroll, R.J. (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Coastal Symposium (Sydney, Australia). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 75, pp. 1352 - 1356. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Jetties and submerged breakwaters have been constructed at Gangmun beach, Korea, for the past several years in order to protect the beach and to secure the estuary channel. However, drowning accidents due to rip currents have often occurred in the gap between the jetty and the submerged breakwater. In this study, field observations and numerical simulations were performed to understand the mechanism of the rip current occurrences at Gangmun beach. The field investigation included the geomorphological change as well as the rip current occurrences. Three-dimension...