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With the rapid development of mobile intelligent technologies and services, users can freely experience ubiquitous services in global mobility networks. It is necessary to provide authentications and protection to the privacy of mobile users. Until now, many authentication and privacy schemes were proposed. However, most of the schemes have been exposed to some security problems. Recently, Madhusudhan and Shashidhara (M&S) proposed a lightweight authentication scheme, denoted as the M&S scheme, for roaming services in global mobility networks. This paper shows that the M&S scheme has security flaws including two masquerading attacks and a mobile user trace attack. After that, we propose a privacypreserving authentication scheme for global mobility networks. The proposed scheme not only focused on the required security but also added privacy concerns focused on anonymity based on a dynamic pseudonym, which is based on exclusive-or operation, hash operation and symmetric key cryptography. Formal security analysis is performed based on Burrow-Abadi-Needdham (BAN) logic and the ProVerif tool, which concludes that the proposed scheme is secure. The analysis shows that the proposed authentication scheme is secure and provides privacy with a reasonable performance.

A secure data collection in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) has given attention to one of security issues. WMSNs pose unique security challenges due to their inherent limitations in communication and computing, which makes vulnerable to various attacks. For the energy efficiency, WMSNs adopt mobile sinks to collect data from sensor nodes. Thus, how to gather data securely and efficiently is an important issue WMSNs. In this paper, we propose a secure energy efficient data collection scheme over WMSNs, which are based on Bilinear pairing and symmetric key cryptosystem. First of all, we devise a security model based on a hierarchical key structure for the security mechanisms, authentication, key agreement, confidentiality, and integrity. Based on the model, we propose a secure energy efficient data collection scheme, which could establish secure session in one round. The proposed scheme could efficiently remedy security and efficiency problems in the previous data collection schemes over WMSNs. It has only about 18% of overhead for the security but also has energy efficiency compared with the other related schemes.

To provide secure authentication for wireless body area networks (WBANs), recently Mtonga proposed a scheme based on identity-based cryptography, bilinear pairing and non-interactive identity-based key agreement scheme. He argued that his scheme provides authenticated key agreement, privacy preservation and authenticity, integrity and freshness of transmitted health messages. Unfortunately, this paper provides security remarks on Mtonga’s scheme focused on lack of integrity provision, lack of untraceability and masquerading attack feasibility. They are very important aspects in a system’s required security and privacy features. Furthermore, this paper provides simple directions of the counterpart’s solutions on them.

Recently, there has been particular interest in asymmetrickey based untraceable authentication solutions for RFID tags, since they are able to solve the inherent problems, scalability and non-repudiation in symmetric-key based ones. However, most existing schemes suffer from lack of security or inefficiency that limits the use of schemes. In this paper, we construct a new scheme for asymmetric-key based untraceable RFID tag authentication. The proposed scheme satisfies the requirements of both security and privacy for RFID tags, including impersonation resistance and untraceability. It requires only one point scalar multiplications and two hash operations with two messages exchanges. Compared to previous works, it achieves much better security and efficiency.

This paper handles a design of event-triggered H∞ filter for T-S fuzzy systems in the connection of network communication. The sampled-data fuzzy filter, which take into account both the measurement output and the fuzzy consequent parameter as the sampled signal, is expressed as a fuzzy system with a time-varying delay including the event-triggering variable. Under these considerations, a novel proportional-plus-integral (PI) event triggering condition is proposed to alleviate network allocation. Based time-delay approach, the stability of the filtering error systems is guaranteed by a new Lyapunov Kravoskii functional and by employing generalized free-weighting matrix integral inequality. Furthermore, an affine matched membership based distributed-filter (AMDF) is designed to improve the H∞ performance, utilizing affine transformed membership function as a membership function of fuzzy filter. The affine matched membership function relaxes the parameterized stability condition due to the deviation bounds of sampled fuzzy membership function between consecutive sampling times. To show the effectiveness of proposed method, the results are compared with the unused ones.

This work focuses the delay-dependent stability problem for linear systems with time-varying delays. By composing a suitable augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, using recent developed integral inequality and choosing newly states, a set of sufficient conditions for stability condition is induced within framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). To enhance the feasible region of stability, single augmented zero equality is established with the augmented state vectors for the first time and the equality constraint is incorporated into a simple stability criterion by utilizing Finsler’s lemma. The comparison of maximum bounds of time-delay with various results proposed by recent studies will be conducted in numerical examples to demonstrate the superiority of the theorems presented by this paper.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are often deployed in potentially adverse or even hostile environment so that there are concerns on security issues in these WSNs. Sensor nodes with resource-constrained make security applications a challenging problem. Key agreement is a fundamental security service in WSNs, which enables sensor nodes to communicate securely with each other using cryptographic techniques. However, due to the resource constraints on sensor nodes, it is infeasible to use traditional key management techniques such as public key cryptography and key distribution center. Recently, Kim proposed two efficient and noninteractive hierarchical key agreements in WSNs, which have good properties including noninteractive, hierarchical, resilient, etc. However, Kim’s protocols do not support freshness of the established session key that key agreement protocol should supports. Thereby, we propose two freshness preserving hierarchical key agreement protocols over the hierarchical WSNs, named as HKAP_FP. Our two HKAP_FPs inherit advantages from Kim’s protocols and well suited to the hierarchical WSNs.

Many chemicals are being developed with the growth of science technology. Such chemicals bring many advantages to humans but also cause many social problems because of the hazards of the materials. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system which identifies the hazards of chemicals. Some acts or regulations about information on warning labels or MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) information for chemicals are similar in each country but there are differences in definitions of degree of hazard, standard classification of harmful level, and indication methods. GHS is the indication method of worldwide integrated classification standard in order to prevent damage caused by disease or risks of accidents resulting from confusion by the users. In keeping pace with the world trend, Korea has conducted translation of the GHS manual from UN and selected it as the official GHS manual of the Korean government. The official Korean GHS translated version was published in July 2005. After that, the Korea Ministry of Employment and Korea Labor and the Ministry of Environment have implemented GHS MSDS for chemical substances since July 1, 2010 so that manufacturers and importers are required to apply it. The full implementation for compound materials will start on July 1, 2013. In Korea, database information for chemicals is provided by four organizations including The Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. However, domestic information on chemicals provided by domestic information providers has problems including differences in basic content and incorrect recording because of trade secrets. Efforts for improvement including reinforcing training for manufacturers and importers on recording consistent information for different organizations are urgently needed.

Recently, because the interest and needs in privacy protection are growing, smartcard-based remote user authentication schemes have been actively studied to provide the user anonymity. In 2008, Kim et al. first proposed an authentication scheme in order to ensure the user anonymity against both external attackers and the remote server and track malicious users with the help of a trusted trace sever. However, in 2010, Lee et al. showed that Kim et al.`s scheme cannot provide the user anonymity against remote server, which is because the server can trace users without any help of the trace server, and then proposed a improved scheme. On the other hand, in 2010, Horng et al. proposed an authentication scheme with non-tamper resistant smart cards, in which the non-tamper resistant smart card means that an attacker may find out secret information stored in the smart card through special data analysis techniques such as monitoring power consumption, to be secure against a variety of attacks and to provide the user anonymity against external attackers. In this paper, we will propose a remote user authentication scheme with non-tamper resistant smart cards not only to ensure the user anonymity against both external attackers and the remote server but also to track malicious users with only the help of a trusted trace sever.

In a paper recently published in the International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, Biswas et al. proposed a VANET message authentication scheme which uses an identity-based proxy signature mechanism as an underlying primitive. The authors claimed that their scheme supports various security features including the security of proxy-key, the security against message forgery and the security against replay attack, with non-repudiation and resistance to proxy-key compromise. Here, we show how an active attacker, who has no knowledge of an original message sender`s private key, can compute the proxy-signature key of the corresponding message sender, meaning that the scheme is completely insecure. We also suggest an enhanced version of the protocol capable of solving such serious security holes.

The world has increasingly been establishing guidelines for industrial safety and health to promote occupational safety and health. The Korean government is also providing the establishment, execution, coordination and control of the industrial safety and health policy and safety assessment and improvement for harmful and dangerous machines, instruments, and equipment, protective devices, personal protective equipment, etc. Specifically, this centered on the ILO enacted ILO-OSH 2001 guidelines, for safety and health management system in 2001. However, varied modifications were adopted because the ordinances and guidelines are diverse by nations. In addition, Korea has introduced and disseminated the safety and health management system to workplaces since 1999. However, businesses have shown reservations to introducing the safety and health management system on economic grounds. There are a lot of losses in the business because they lack experts group in the workplace and operate the quality, environment, and Safety & health management systems separately. Accordingly, in this study, KOSHA have investigated the problems and the future improvements of the safety and health management system.

Nodes in a sensor network may be lost because of the power exhaustion problem or malicious attacks. Thereby new node deployment is necessary in the sensor network. Huang recently proposed a novel access control protocol (NACP) based on the elliptic curve cryptography and the hash chain. She claimed that NACP can easily add new nodes and can resist against various known attacks. However, this paper addresses that her NACP is insecure to the replay attack and against an active attack, and has the lack of hash chain renewability, which is one of the necessary aspects in the sensor network with memory restricted nodes. To cope with them, we propose an enhanced novel access control protocol which is quite adequate for power and resource constrained sensor networks.

Aims: This study was to identify factors that influence the early increase in the dose of intracavernous vasoactive agents to maintain erection for satisfactory intercourse and to elucidate when the dose increase would begin. Methods: Seventy-nine patients using intracavernous pharmacotherapy with tri-mix (PGE1, papaverine, and phentolamine) over a 3- to 4-year period were enrolled. At 3-month intervals, patients were questioned about changes in dose to maintain erection for satisfactory intercourse and frequency of injection, and underwent examination of the penis. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group A, dose increase of ≧20% after initiating home therapy, and group B, no change or an increase in dose Results: A significant increase (p < 0.01) in dose was started 2–3 years after initiating pharmacotherapy. The initial doses of group A at 2–3 and 3–4 years were significantly higher than those of group B (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the age of the patients, duration of erectile dysfunction, incidence of accompanying vascular risk factors, frequency of injection, or incidence of fibrous plaques between group A and group B, both at 2–3 and 3–4 years. Conclusion: The initial dose of intracavernous vasoactive agents (tri-mix) may be a unique risk factor for the early increase in dose to maintain erection for satisfactory intercourse.

In 2000, since Hwang and Li proposed a remote user authentication scheme without password table using smart cards based on ID-based cryptosystems, the related works have been done. In 2002, Chien et al. proposed an efficient and practical remote user authentication scheme providing the many merits. However, Hsu showed that Chien et al.'s scheme is vulnerable to the parallel session attack. This paper proposes an improved scheme to overcome the weakness while maintaining the advantages of Chien et al.'s scheme.

Since the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States, the necessity of utilizing smart container is becoming a significant to strengthen the container security and increase the efficiency of container transport for international cargo. Lauf and Sauff proposed MASC-ST protocol for securely transmitting sensitive information gathered from sensors equipped in the container to a trusted third party that controls access to this information. However, we show that the protocol has some weaknesses, which are able to cause serious problems for container transport if this protocol is directly adopted in real fields, and also present an improvement to overcome the weaknesses while preserving the merits of their scheme.

With the integration of wireless communication and pay-TV, mobile broadcast TV technologies have advanced noticeably in recent years. In 2011, Chen et al. proposed an efficient anonymous authentication protocol for mobile pay-TV and claimed that their protocol is secure and efficient. However, Kim showed that their protocol has weaknesses in password guessing attack and impersonation attack with the assumption that attacker could get user’s smart card. Thereby, this paper proposes an anonymous authentication protocol to solve the flaws in Chen et al.’s protocol.

Since 9.11 terror attack in the United States, the smart container has attracted the attention because of the efficiency and safety of container freight shipping. In 2007, Lauf and Sauff proposed MASC-ST protocol for securely transmitting sensitive information gathered from sensors equipped in the transport container to a trusted third party that controls access to this information. Recently, Lee showed that the protocol has some weaknesses and also presented an improvement to overcome the weaknesses while preserving the merits of their scheme. However, these protocols did not consider the anonymity of container. So, the transport route of containers can simply be tracked by malicious attackers. In this paper, we propose a secure transport container monitoring protocol that is resistant against various attacks and is able to guarantee the anonymity of the container.

In 2000, Hwang and Li proposed a new remote user authentication scheme using smart cards. However. Chan and Cheng showed that the scheme is vulnerable to the impersonation attack. Later, Shen et al. showed a different type of impersonation attack on the scheme and presented a modified scheme to withstand these attacks. Recently, Awasthi and LaI presented a remote user authentication scheme using smart cards with forward secrecy. In this paper, we show that the Awasthi and LaI's scheme is incorrect.