Search

The purpose of this study is to establish a new management strategy to meet customer needs of discount stores as customers demand higher and more diverse services in addition to low prices. An empirical analysis on consumers to explore the structural relationships between the quality, environmentally friendliness, consumer perception, service value, and emotional response of retail ready packaging (RRP) in discount stores in order to find out how they affect customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. First, it was confirmed that the RRP quality of discount stores that affects customer satisfaction is mediated by the emotional response. Second, it was found that RRP in discount stores should continue to devise strategies to improve service quality along with efforts to provide more benefits perceived by customers to increase customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. Third, it was confirmed that the RRP image of discount stores has a positive (+) effect on service value, emotional response, customer satisfaction, and repurchase intention.

The present study was conducted to accomplish management efficiency by preparing preemptive measures for consumer dissatisfaction and overcome risks caused by Global Warming through studies of model cases in packaging. Through this study, we made it possible to find a way for companies to prepare for Global warming and consumer dissatisfaction. By contributing to eco-friendly packaging, we are trying to preemptively respond to recent major issues through packaging. Through this experiment, we tried to measure the degree of penetration of Plodia interpunctella H. larva into the insect repellent film produced by printing Ink containing a natural repellent. The control experiment was conducted with an untreated LDPE film to which no insect repellent was applied. The numbers decreased from 17 to 7 when the film was processed with repellent to show experimental results verifying effects of repellent by decrease in 10 (58.8% Decrease). Such results show that it is safe when the film is unfolded but in the case where the film is folded, the Plodia interpunctella H. punches through the film to lead to consumer dissatisfaction and it suggests that this can bring on risks to corporate management. Considering that most of the film is folded in the case of PE bag packaging, the direction which the corporations should take in terms of preparing for climate change countermeasures and consumer dissatisfaction has been clarified. Due to it receiving satisfactory results in safety rest results for printing film applied with pest repellent as well as the Quality analysis to test repellent contents of repellent film, it is certain that the importance of repellent method in packaging will increase in preparing for consumer dissatisfaction and actions against climate change henceforth.

This paper conducted a study on the operation plan of the packaging system to enhance the logistics efficiency between the manufacturer and the distributor, whose prior research in the relevant field was insignificant. By identifying problems and improvements in the operation of the packaging system between domestic manufacturers and distributors through the Retail Ready Packaging. The institutional aspects were investigated to confirm that the mediation role of government and social organizations was required to resolve issues (χ2 = 148.916, p < 0.001), and that guidelines that gathered diverse opinions for the rational operation of the packaging system were essential, while institutional aspects are needed to be supplemented to be willing to improve logistics efficiency (χ2 = 95.781, p < 0.001). In this study, even though the difference in perception between manufacturers and distributors is clear and the issue related to the operation of the packaging system is ongoing, if there is no effort to grasp the issue, the opinions between manufacturers and distributors will be left at odds and could become a social problem. Unnecessary interference from government and social organizations should be excluded, but the level of mediation to support win-win management in order to promote logistics standardization and reduce CO2 and national logistics costs can be explained as a catalyst for improving logistics efficiency through reasonable operation of the packaging system.

In this study, the relationship between packaging design and logistics efficiency raised in prior research was to be conducted through empirical analysis in terms of SCM efficiency. The main research contents were carried out in the pursuit of efficiency of the relevant store operation, relationship with SCM efficiency aspects, resolution of differences in recognition between manufacturers and distributors, establishment of automated systems for RRP production facilities and processes in the manufacturer's facilities, logistics costs, environment and quality safety, and promotion of RRP through the manufacturer's packaging system. As a result of the verification of SCM efficiency aspects through this study, logistics efficiency will be reduced in the case of the packaging system or delivery system, where only the operational efficiency of the store is the top priority(χ2 = 178.500, p < 0.001). This is because of the strong interaction between packaging and supply chain activities, many packaging systems affect the performance criteria of the supply chain, and the content that packaging personnel should ensure that the packaging system meets other essential requirements while meeting the primary goal of protecting the product is also a result consistent with the preceding study. An analysis of whether the RRP promotion through the manufacturer's packaging system would result in improved loading efficiency showed that there was a statistically meaningful difference at a significant level of 0.000, as χ2 = 140.133.

This study conducted a case study and a questionnaire analysis in parallel. In the case study, a study was conducted on domestic manufacturer A by analyzing pallet loading efficiency of RRP(Retail Ready Packaging) products and pallet loading efficiency of MWC(Membership Wholesale Club) delivered products. As a result of the pallet loading efficiency simulation of 50 RRP products of Manufacturer A, it was 80.0% based on the T-11 type pallet and 84.3% based on the T-12 type pallet. It was found It refers that the route of producing the product from the manufacturer A and delivering it to the MWC A in the form of RRP resulted in the decrease of the pallet loading efficiency through the change of the loading pattern and the adjustment of the number of loads. As a result of analyzing the questionnaire about whether the overall efficiency of the supply chain will be improved if the operation of the packaging system considering the SCM(Supply Chain Management) aspect is χ2 = 178.500, there was a statistically significant difference at the significance level of 0.000. Manufacturers and logistics companies answered “yes” the most, but distributors answered “is average” the most, confirming that the packaging can be constructed with the highest operational efficiency. Therefore, as a result of confirming the impact of packaging design considering the SCM aspect on logistics efficiency, it indicates the importance of closer collaboration between manufacturers and distributors.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of preterm infants with multiple factors affected from prenatal to postnatal periods. Despite significant advances in neonatal care over almost 50 years, BPD rates have not decreased; in fact, they may have even increased. Since more preterm infants, even at periviable gestational age, survive today, different stages of lung development affect the pathogenesis of BPD. Hence, the definition of BPD has changed from "old" to "new." In this review, we discuss the various definitions of BPD, risk factors from the prenatal to postnatal periods, management strategies by phase, and future directions for research.

In this paper, we propose a method of measuring bone mineral density in a peripheral-type clinical X-ray CT using a phantom, and we propose a method of classifying osteoporosis using bone mineral density and bone structure parameters together. It segments the trabecular bone region and cortical bone region for the six sections of the phantom and calculates the average HU value of the segmented regions. By using these values, it derives an expression converting HU value to bone mineral density. It segments trabecular bone of 1 cm region in the end part of distal radius and extracts the bone mineral density and structural parameters for the trabecular bone region. We extracted bone mineral density and structural parameters for the 18 subjects each of normal and osteoporotic group. We carried out classification experiments using three classification methods; SAD, SVM, ANN. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio of the classification was improved in the order of ANN, SVM and SAD. Also, The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio of the classification was improved when we use the bone mineral density and structural parameters together.

The skull defect model is the existing representative osteogenesis model. The skull defect model involves monitoring osteogenesis patterns at the site of a skull defect, which has the advantages that identical defects can be induced across individual experimental animals and the results can be quantitatively evaluated. However, it can damage the cerebrum because it requires a complex surgery performed on the parietal bone. This study aims to develop a new osteogenesis model that compensates for the weak points of the existing model. Male 8-week-old imprinting control region mice were put under inhalational anesthesia, and the surgery area was disinfected with 70% ethanol prior to the creation of a 5-mm incision along the sagittal line between the glabella with a pair of scissors. The incised area was opened and, after we checked the positions of the inferior cerebral vein and the sagittal suture, a 21-gauge needle was used to make two symmetrical holes with respect to the sagittal suture 3 mm below the inferior cerebral vein and 2 mm on either side of the sagittal suture. After images were obtained using micro-computed tomography, the degree of osteogenesis was quantitatively analyzed. In addition, mRNA extracted from the site of the defect confirmed a significant increase in mRNA levels of collagen 1a, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and Runx2, known markers for osteoblasts. The promotion of osteogenesis could be observed at the site of the defect, by histological analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3764-3771, 2015.

Rationale and Objectives To identify micro–computed tomography (CT) imaging biomarkers for evaluating the effects of emodin, a potential drug to treat osteoporosis, in the mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated osteoporosis. Materials and Methods Forty male imprinting control region (ICR) mice with LPS-induced bone resorption were equally divided into four experimental groups: phosphate-buffered saline–treated (control), emodin-treated, LPS-treated, and LPS + emodin–treated groups. Emodin (50 mg/kg) was administered orally on alternate days for 8 days, and LPS (5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on days 1 and 4. After 8 days, the mice were sacrificed, and micro-CT images of the left proximal femurs were obtained. Three-dimensional images were analyzed by using commercial software to measure the bone volume to total volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb-N), trabecular thickness (Tb-Th), and trabecular separation (Tb-Sp) as CT imaging biomarkers. Histologic analyses of the femurs were performed using hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) immunohistochemical staining. Results The LPS + emodin–treated group demonstrated marked suppression of LPS-induced bone resorption compared to the LPS-treated group (BV/TV, 28.84% vs. 40.76%; Tb-N, 2.65 vs. 3.45 mm −1 ; Tb-Sp, 300.81 vs. 212.31 μm; Tb-Th, 116.94 vs. 131.25 μm). TRAP immunohistochemical analysis showed fewer osteoclasts per field of tissue in the LPS + emodin–treated group than in the LPS-treated group (27.8 vs. 41.8). The BV/TV, Tb-N, and Tb-Sp data correlated well with the histomorphometric findings. Conclusions The findings reveal a novel effect of emodin on bone remodeling in the LPS-mediated osteoporotic mouse model. The ex vivo micro-CT imaging is a promising tool for assessing the therapeutic effects of potential drugs on osteoporosis.

This paper proposes a serious game for rehabilitation training targeting old persons and patients for rehabilitation. The serious game suggested for rehabilitation training provides the whole body movement recognition-based interface using the 3D depth camera. When the user stands before the camera, it distinguishes the user from the background and then recognizes the user`s whole body with 15 joints. By analyzing the changes of location and direction of each joint, it recognizes gestures needed for the game. The game contents consist of the games for upper limb training, lower limb training, whole body training, and balance training, and it was realized in both 2D and 3D games. The system suggested in this article works robustly even with the environmental changes using the 3D depth camera. Even with no separate device, the game recognizes the gestures only using the whole body movement, and this enhances the effect of rehabilitation.