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Over 200 years have passed since the introduction of sunflower into world agriculture and more than150 years since this plant, known for its wide use of food, is grown in the Republic of Moldova.In this period, with the involvement of research institutes, universities and private companies, more than 1 000scientific papers have been published, over 40 doctoral dissertations written and 12 inventions patented. By reviewingtheir content, we conclude that the research of the sunflower in Moldova has integrated the fundamental studies withthe improvement and the creation of the hybrids – with the growth, development and harvesting, thus developingadvanced cultivation technologies, created and approved over 100 hybrids that are marketed in Republic of Moldova,Russian Federation, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Ukraine etc.

Sunflower, a major edible oil crop producing a high-quality and healthful oil for human consumption and also recycled for use as feedstock to produce biodiesel fuel, is recently being cultivated in rotation with rice in the paddy field. The oil of cultivars with a high oleic acid content has higher oxidation stability and better nutritional properties than the standard cultivars, which have a high linoleic acid content. In this study, we evaluated the effects of excess water on plant growth, seed yield, and oil quality. Seed yield, the major yield components, the oleic acid content and the total oil content were negatively affected by a shallow water table. In particular, waterlogging at the establishment stage decreased the growth and seed yield severely. In addition, waterlogging during the flowering and maturation stages tended to decrease the oleic acid content and to increase the linoleic acid content. These results will be useful for improving management practices to increase the seed yield and improve the oil quality of sunflower in rotation with upland paddy rice.

Double-low rapeseed cultivars that produce no erucic acid and have only a small amount of glucosinolates are widely used. However, the roots in mature plant residue and leaves and roots of these seedlings still contain a large amount of biologically active glucosinolates, and it is important to clarify the effect of rapeseed cultivation on the subsequent crops. We analyzed the biological activities of the tissues of double-low cultivar at harvest. The laboratory bioassays revealed that the seeds and roots of mature rapeseed plants contained some autotoxic components that were volatile and water-soluble. We also analyzed the effects of root exudates from growing rapeseed plants on rapeseed germination and growth using the stair-step method and found that the root exudates were autotoxic. In the field, we investigated the allelopathic effects of rapeseed plants on the growth, yield, and quality of the subsequent sunflower plant in the same field. The growth, yield and thousand kernel weight of sunflower were reduced by the preceding cultivation of rapeseed. There were many spontaneously germinated juvenile rapeseed plants in the sunflower field preceded by rapeseed cultivation. Analysis of the plant and soil nitrogen (N) indicated that the growth reduction of sunflower was not caused by the competition for N with the spontaneously germinated juvenile rapeseed plants. The main factors responsible for poor sunflower growth under field after the cultivation of rapeseed were suggested to be some non-volatile, water-soluble components produced by the roots of the spontaneously germinated juvenile rapeseed.

The relation between crop growing and soil tillage treatment are play important role in agricultural production. Soils under conventional tillage (CT) generally have lower bulk density and associated higher total porosity within the plough layer than under no tillage (NT). No-till farming can reduce soil erosion, conserve soil moisture and minimize labor and fuel consumption. The aim of this study were to investigate the effects of conventional, reduced and notillage methods on soil physical properties, sunfl ower yield and yield components, protein and oil content and fuel consumption in Southeastern of Turkey. Six tillage methods for the second crop sunfl ower were tested and compared each other within after lentil harvesting at 2003 and 2004 years in a clay loam soil. According to results, the fi rst year, the bulk density had decreased from 1.29 to 1.09 g cm-3, the second year the δb had decreased from 1.41 to 1.23 g cm-3. Differences between years and tillage methods in terms of yield were found signifi cant (p

(2005). Traits of NuSun™ Varieties of Sunflower in Hokkaido, Japan. Plant Production Science: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 461-464.

Jelen tanulmányban, primer adatgyűjtés alapján öt, hazánkban kiemelt jelentőségűnek tartott növénytermesztési ágazat – őszi búza, kukorica, őszi káposztarepce, őszi árpa és napraforgó – modellezését és a modell eredményeinek üzemtani elemzését végeztem el. A modellezés során átfogó képet kaptam az ágazatok 2011. évi ökonómiai helyzetéről, különös tekintettel a közvetlen költségekre, a költségek szerkezetére, árbevételre, termelési értékre, fedezeti összegekre, támogatásokra. A támogatások szerepének jelentőségét bizonyítja az a tény, hogy a támogatásokat is tartalmazó fedezeti összegen belül azok 33-49%-os arányt képviselnek az egyes növények vonatkozásában. A termésátlagok – ceteris paribus elv mentén történő – szcenárióelemzése révén megállapítható, hogy a fajlagos hozamok szélsőséges ingadozása meghatározó hatással van a növénytermesztés eredményességére. A peszszimista termésátlagok esetén veszteséget termel a legtöbb ágazat, míg optimista változatnál már extraprofittal számolhatnak. A pesszimista változat megvalósulásakor a támogatások veszteségminimalizáló szerepet töltenek be. --------------------------------------------------------- In the frame of the present study five crop sectors considered to be highly significant in Hungary were modelled on the basis of primary data collection. On the basis of the results business analysis was carried out. The five crops are the following: winter wheat, maize, winter rape, winter barley and sunfl ower. The modelling provided an overall picture of the economic situation of the sectors, especially about the direct costs, the cost structures, turnover, production value, contribution margins and subsidies. The importance of the role of subsidies is shown by the fact that the subsidies constitute 33-49% of that contribution margin that includes the subsidies. The serious effect the extreme fl uctuation of specific yields has on the results of crop production was demonstrated by running ceteris paribus scenario analysis of the average yields. In the case of the pessimistic yield scenario most of the sectors make losses, while in the optimistic case one can expect additional profit. In the case of the pessimistic scenario the subsidies help to minimise losses.

The aim of storage is to preserve properties of products and their freshness. If suitable storage conditions are not supplied according to product variety, quality and quantity losses increase. Decreasing these losses is possible with providing suitable storage conditions and storage management. In this study were aimed at determining of storage losses in the temporary sunfl ower seed stores and investigating the influences of storage condition on quality losses of sunfl ower during storage.

The aim of storage is to preserve properties of products and their freshness If suitable storage conditions aren't supplied according to product variety quality and quantity losses increase. Decreasing this losses is possible with providing suitable storage condition and storage management. In this study sunflower storage buildings in the Thrace Region were examined. Influences of storage condition on product losses were investigated. The study was conducted in one of the Thrace Union’s reinforced concrete store, temporary store and a model store having aeration system built specifically for this research in Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty’s area. Temperature and relative humidity of the sunflower mass as storage conditions in the stores and moisture content, oil content and free fatty acids contents as quality parameters were monitored during the storage. According to the results of experiments in selected stores, the worst storage conditions and the most quality losses were determined in the concrete store, on the other hand the most suitable conditions and the least losses were determined in model store.