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The present research was carried out at the Breeder Seed Production Unit, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh using twenty-one sets of bread wheat genotypes. These were sown and evaluated under the timely sown condition in a randomized complete block design with three replication during post-rainy season 2021- In the present investigation thirteen morphological and one biochemical trait were analyzed. The analysis of variance indicated the occurrence of significant variation among the genotypes for all the traits. The present results indicate that the estimates of PCV were in general slightly elevated than their corresponding GCV for most of the traits studies which indicated that the variability for these traits in the genotypes was not much affected by the environments for the expression of these traits. High heritability with high genetic advance was observed for flag leaf length, grains yield per plant, biological yield per plant, and tiller per plant, and high heritability (narrow sense) coupled with the moderate genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for flag leaf width, grains per spike, plant height, and spikelet per spike. It can be summarized that constructive variability in parents and progenies was developed through hybridization which can be appropriately utilized for the selection of suitable genotypes to obtain high protein and high yield potential in bread wheat.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of heat tolerance wheat genotypes. The objective was to inspect the stable wheat genotype for timely and late sown planting condition in central zone of India. For that total of 20 wheat genotypes, including two parents and three commercial checks, were tested across 6 (timely sown) + 4 (late sown) environments at Jabalpur, Narmadapuram, and Sagar district of Madhya Pradesh state of India in 2019-20 and 2021-21. The per plant yield and grain filling rate data were considered to perform univariate and multivariate stability analysis. Our result revealed that environment, genotype, and GEI effects were significant (P

A set of 36 promising genotypes were evaluated for 33 agro-morphological traits. Sufficient genetic variability was found for almost all the characteristics of wheat. Genetic diversity among nineteen traits of wheat genotypes was estimated using Mahalanobis D2 analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Sufficient genetic diversity was observed among the genotypes and grouped genotypes into five clusters by Tocher’s method. Cluster I contained the maximum numbers of genotypes (32) and the remaining clusters II, III, IV and V were mono-genotypic. The lowest inter cluster distance was noticed between clusters III and I (260.57) and maximum between Cluster IV and V (891.62). The larger inter-cluster distances between clusters were considered more diverged than those with small distances. The major contributing character towards genetic divergence was found to be grain yield per plant (25.24%), followed by wet gluten (21.59%), chlorophyll content (11.11%) and protein content (10.63%). Principal component (PC) analysis resulted in eight principal components (PCs) having Eigenvalue >1 which contributed 78.67 per cent of the total variability amongst the wheat genotypes assessed for various morpho-physiological traits. The traits with the highest weight in component first were the number of tillers per plant, the number of ear per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index which explained 15.17 per cent of the total variation. Component 2 was associated with protein content and wet gluten content which account for 13.91 per cent variation. In component 3, traits with highest weight were days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, the number of spikelets per ear, ear length and relative water content which explained 13.41 per cent of the total variation. Similarly, the traits with the highest weight in component 4 were sedimentation value; biological yield per plant in component 5; ear weight and chlorophyll content in component 6; peduncle length, 1000-grain weight and canopy temperature in component 7 was the major contributing traits which account for 8.89, 7.78, 7.20 and 6.31 per cent variability, respectively for the above traits. The result of the present study could be exploited in the planning and execution of a future breeding programme in wheat.

Pests and diseases amount to an estimated 1/sixth of farm produce losses globally each year, and overall losses in attainable yield due to pest and diseases are far greater in Asia and Africa impacting smallholder farmers’ ability to feed their families. In legumes, the production is severely affected by different species of soil-borne and foliar pathogens. Comprehensive detail of the R&D conducted on biotic stresses (diseases) in legumes with special reference to emerging diseases under changing climatic condition has been discussed in this article. Brief account of current distribution, economic importance and management strategy has also been discussed. The recent biotechnological approaches such as marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering are also being touched upon for managing these stresses.

The genetic diversity study was conducted in 100 promising chickpea genotypes sown under late planting using Mahalanobis’s D2 Statistics. Further the diversity is also confirmed by using SSR molecular markers. Based on D2 values, 100 genotypes were grouped into sixteen clusters. The cluster I consisted of maximum 29 genotypes, followed by Cluster II, cluster V and cluster VI, which had 26, 13 and 12 genotypes, respectively. Maximum intra-cluster distance (164.10) was observed in cluster V, followed by cluster VI (150.23), cluster III (123.98) and cluster II (102.52). However, maximum inter cluster distance was noticed between cluster IX and cluster XV (853.43), followed by cluster X and cluster XV (749.13) and cluster VII and cluster XV (742.58). Molecular analysis grouped 100 genotypes into three major clusters. First major cluster consisted four genotypes (ICCV 93025, ICCV 93024, ICCV 03401 and ICCV 95315) and second cluster consisted two genotypes (ICCV 03405 and ICCV 01306). Third and last major cluster group contained 94 genotypes. The PIC value among the primers ranged from 0.3245 (TA 78) to 0.4375 (TA 135) and the highest gene diversity were found in TA 135 (0.5378). Among all eleven polymorphic SSR primers, only TA78 (0.0300), H5BO4 (0.0900), ICCAM0123a (0.0500), TA135 (0.0600) and H1G16 (0.1500) were shown heterozygosity. The genotypes conferring diversity at molecular studies (unaffected by environmental variations) can be used in future hybridization programmes and also helpful for plant breeders to screen effective heat tolerance genotypes for the development of high yielding improved lines for diverse environments.

Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis was studied for seed yield and its component characters in 100 advance breeding lines of chickpea sown under heat stress environments of Jabalpur. The analysis of variance revealed the significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits indicating presence of sufficient variability among the genotypes for various traits. The High GCV and PCV were observed for seed yield per plant, 100- seed weight, harvest index, number of effective pods per plant, total number of pods per plant and number of secondary branches. High heritability with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was noted for seed yield per plant, followed by 100 - seed weight, harvest index, number of effective pods per plant and total number of pods per plant indicated that selection may be effective for this character. Seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant and 100-seed weight indicating that these three traits were main yield attributing traits. The Path analysis indicated that number of effective pods per plant and 100- seed weight had maximum direct effect on seed yield. On the basis of seed yield ICCV 84251, ICCV 04303, ICCV 06108, ICCV 03209, ICCV 04312 have been identified as heat tolerant lines. The potential for indirect selection for heat stress tolerance using these associated characters may be useful to the breeder to formulate appropriate breeding plans for selection of the genotype which tolerate high temperature conditions.

A variety of substituted 4H-chromene derivatives have been synthesized in good to excellent yields from o-hydroxybenzaldehydes and ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrile in ethanol using inexpensive and reusable catalyst i.e., Amberlyst A-21® under mild reaction conditions. The recovered activated catalyst is recycled in five times subsequent runs with no decrease in activity. The use of reusable catalyst makes this procedure quite simple, more convenient, economically viable and environmentally friendly.