Search

openaire: EC/FP7/339478/EU//LAYERENG-HYBMAT The possibility to deposit purely organic and hybrid inorganic–organic materials in a way parallel to the state-of-the-art gas-phase deposition method of inorganic thin films, i.e., atomic layer deposition (ALD), is currently experiencing a strongly growing interest. Like ALD in case of the inorganics, the emerging molecular layer deposition (MLD) technique for organic constituents can be employed to fabricate high-quality thin films and coatings with thickness and composition control on the molecular scale, even on complex three-dimensional structures. Moreover, by combining the two techniques, ALD and MLD, fundamentally new types of inorganic–organic hybrid materials can be produced. In this review article, we first describe the basic concepts regarding the MLD and ALD/MLD processes, followed by a comprehensive review of the various precursors and precursor pairs so far employed in these processes. Finally, we discuss the first proof-of-concept experiments in which the newly developed MLD and ALD/MLD processes are exploited to fabricate novel multilayer and nanostructure architectures by combining different inorganic, organic and hybrid material layers into on-demand designed mixtures, superlattices and nanolaminates, and employing new innovative nanotemplates or post-deposition treatments to, e.g., selectively decompose parts of the structure. Such layer-engineered and/or nanostructured hybrid materials with exciting combinations of functional properties hold great promise for high-end technological applications.

Background: Moral distress is an increasing concern among nurses in their workplace. Previous research has suggested that moral distress is associated with ethical climate and job dissatisfaction. Economic restraints in the organization have led to loss of nurses from the workplace. Aim: To examine nurses experience of moral distress and their causes. Method: The study was a literature review. Twelve articles were used in the study. They had both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The articles were published between 2000-2011. Results: Three themes emerged from the articles: Powerlessness, meaninglessness and feeling unsafe. The main cause of these feelings was due to understaffing and working with nurses I consider unsafe. Another cause was to perform tasks that I consider meaningless for the patient and cause more harm than good. Conclusion: Moral distress is common among nurses in health care. It can be elicited from different kinds of situations encountered in the work environment. Keywords: experience, job satisfaction, moral distress, nursing, occupational stress

Bakgrund: Minnen från intensivvård är ett ämne som är väl undersökt. Det är sedan tidigare känt att de minnen och upplevelser patienten har från intensiwårdstiden kan leda till ppykologiska problem som påverkar patienten en lång tid efter utskrivning. I flera studier i ämnet har neurokirurgiska patienter exkluderats. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva neurokirurgiska patienters minnen och upplevelser av intensiwårdstiden. Metod: Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer utifrån ICU Memory Tool. Totalt intervjuades fyra patienter. Materialet har dels sammanställts kvantitativt dels analyserats utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: De minnen och upplevelser patientema hade från intensiwårdstiden resulterade i tre övergrþande teman, Att vara i en drömvtirld, Att vara i en luinslomdssig vdrld samt En verklig vrirld. lnom varje tema återfanns såväl negativa som positiva minnen och upplevelser.